Frame Action Research Articles

11.37: Hybrid tests of a full‐scale two‐story buckling‐restrained braced RC frame

ABSTRACTA novel implementation of buckling‐restrained braces (BRB) in new reinforced concrete (RC) frame construction is investigated. Seismic design and analysis methods for the use of the proposed steel cast‐in anchor bracket (CAB) as the connection for the BRB and RC members are investigated. The steel CAB is designed to resist the normal and shear forces transferred from the BRB in order to secure the seismic performance of RC buildings. In this study, a full‐scale two‐story RC frame with BRBs (BRB‐RCF) is tested using hybrid and cyclic loading test procedures. The BRBs are arranged in a zigzag configuration and designed to resist 70% of the story shear. The gusset design incorporates the BRB axial and RC frame actions, while the beam and column members comply with ACI 318‐14 seismic design provisions. When the inter‐story drift ratio for both stories reached 3.5%, the overall lateral force versus deformation response was still very stable. The hysteresis energy dissipation ratios in the four hybrid tests range from 60% to 94% in the two stories, indicating that BRBs can effectively dissipate seismic input energy. Test results confirm that BRBs enhanced the RC frame stiffness, strength and ductility, complied with performance‐based seismic design. No failure of the proposed steel CABs and RC discontinuity regions was observed in the tests. This study demonstrates that the proposed design and construction methods for the CABs are effective and practical for real applications.

I.11.68: Seismic behaviour of concentrically braced frames in the moderate seismicity context

ABSTRACTThere has been a large amount of research investigating the performance of concentrically braced frame (CBF) structures in the high‐seismicity regions. Indeed, most building codes are appropriately advanced for the design of these structures in the high seismicity context. However, although CBFs represent a very common structural solution in the low‐to‐moderate seismic regions, there is not enough experience and experimental evidence showing their performance in such context. Within the European research project MEAKADO (RFSR‐CT‐2013‐00022), this subject has been investigated deeply by means of experimental and numerical activities. The objective of the MEAKADO was to study an intermediate way of design to reach a sufficient safety by means of a reduced but controlled amount of ductility in the structural system. This article summarized the results of the full‐scale tests conducted within MEAKADO, which investigated the behavior of CBFs in the low‐to‐moderate seismicity context. Tests focused on the secondary frame action, contribution of the compression diagonal in X‐braced frames and ductility provided by standard bolted bracing connections.

Steel plate shear walls with outriggers. Part II: Seismic design and performance

Having investigated the plastic behavior and mechanisms of steel plate shear walls with outriggers (SPSW-O) introduced in Part I, it was shown that such systems are considerably effective in improving the flexural stiffness of conventional SPSWs. This paper describes procedures for the efficient design of SPSW-Os employing the principles of plastic analysis and capacity design. While the primary motivation behind the use of SPSW-O configuration is to enhance the overturning stiffness of SPSWs and provide architectural flexibility, the rigidly connected outrigger beams introduce additional lateral force resistance to the system due to the frame action, which must be taken into account for an efficient design. As such, this part of the analytical investigation focuses on quantifying the contributions of the tension field action of the infill panels and moment-resisting action of the SPSW boundary frame and/or outrigger frames to the global strength of the four SPSW-O options discussed in part I. The proposed approach together with the knowledge generated in part I are utilized in developing efficient design procedures for the SPSW-O systems. Then, the proposed procedures are used to design 12- and 20-story case study buildings having four different SPSW-O options as their seismic force resisting systems. Additionally, two SPSWs without outriggers, herein referred to as free-standing SPSWs, are also designed for comparison purposes. The seismic performances of the prototype SPSW-Os are evaluated using nonlinear static and response history analyses, and are compared with those of the free-standing SPSWs.

The Model Minority Maze: Hmong Americans Working Within and Around Racial Discourses

Whether framed as model minorities or used as evidence that the model minority is a myth, Hmong Americans and other Southeast Asians are constrained by the model minority stereotype. As a disciplinary tool, the model minority stereotype controls Asian American experiences and identities. This paper explores the complex and diverse ways that Hmong Americans in a community in Wisconsin are making sense of and responding to the model minority stereotype and the racial positioning of the Hmong American community. Our paper will illustrate the persistent power of the model minority stereotype to frame Asian American experiences, identities and actions.

The Use of Moment-Resisting Frames and Braced Frames for Lateral Stability of Multy-Storey Precast Concrete Structures

Precast structures for multi-storey buildings can be designed with economy, safety and high performance. However, depending on the height of the building and the intensity of the lateral loads, the lateral stability system must be carefully chosen in order to maximize the global structural performance. In Brazil, the most common method for lateral stability is achieved by moment resisting precast-frames, wherein the moment-rotation response of the beam-column connections are responsible to provide the frame action, which will govern the distribution of internal forces and the sway distribution along the building height. On the other hand, in Europe, bracing systems comprised by shear walls or infill walls are mostly used, wherein beam-column connections are designed as hinged. The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between these methods for lateral stability, applying nine structural simulations with moment resisting precast-frames, shear walls and infill walls solutions, divided in three groups - 3 building with 5 storeys (21 meters high), 3 buildings with 10 storeys (41 meters high) and 3 building with 20 storeys (81 meters high). All first storeys are 5 meters high, while all the others are 4 meters high. The results from all structural analyses are compared. As conclusion, while moment-resisting beam-column connections are more feasible for applying in low-rise precast buildings, the use of shear walls and infill walls are more efficient for tall buildings due to decrease of lateral displacements, having a reduction of second order effects but also increasing the reactions at the foundations of bracing elements.

Transverse assessment of a concrete box girder bridge

This paper looks at the beneficial effects of geometric arching from haunches, web continuity and compressive membrane action in the design and assessment of box girder top slabs. The paper initially reviews tests relevant to arching action in box girders and then analyses recent tests on box girder slab strips. Finally, using the assessment of an existing box girder bridge as an example, a series of computer models is developed to illustrate a method for transverse analysis of a box girder top slab in which some of these arching effects can be utilised. For the analysis of tests and the assessment example, a three-dimensional frame model that considers the in-plane strength enhancement of the restrained slab is used. This simplified approach was verified by finite-element modelling and the results show good agreement. The analysis methods including arching action significantly reduce the required amount of reinforcement for the deck slab. The paper concludes that arching action from geometrical arching of haunches and frame action are significant and must be considered for any accurate analysis at both serviceability and ultimate limit states. It is also concluded that compressive membrane action may occur and can be used in the design and assessment of box girder structures within certain geometric parameters.

Positive and Negative Perceptions of Bumiputra And Non-Bumiputra Students on Professional Qualification

Bumiputra and non-Bumiputra students may come from various economic backgrounds and culture. This may influence their perception on their career choice of pursuing a professional accounting qualification. Thus, this study investigates the difference in positive and negative perceptions of Bumiputra and non-Bumiputra students on pursuing a professional qualification upon graduation. A questionnaire survey method was used to collect the data from final year accounting students from five public and three private universities in Malaysia. Means and independent sample t-tests results were analysed. Results indicated that there are only a few significant differences between Bumiputra and non-Bumiputra students on positive and negative perceptions on becoming professional accountants. As perception frames action, these findings would be useful to the Malaysian Institute of Accountants as well as professional bodies to attract both Bumiputra and non-Bumiputra graduates to become professional accountants.

Seismic design of buckling-restrained brace welded end connection considering frame action effects: Theoretical, numerical and practical approaches

The negative effect of in-plane frame action on the performance of buckling-restrained brace (BRB) end connections was confirmed experimentally in the authors’ prior work. The triggering moment induced by rigid-body rotation of BRB ends, and the amplified moment resulting from bending and semi-rigid effects of the connections, were found to be responsible for premature in-plane buckling of the BRB end connections. These effects, however, have not yet been incorporated into the current design procedure. This study aims to further discuss the amplified moment from theoretical, numerical and practical perspectives. As a companion research, the frame action effects of non-moment braced frame and their influences on the cruciform BRB end section using full penetration groove weld connection to the gusset plate are discussed. An analytical model is first proposed for derivation of the BRB end moments considering the concerned frame action effects. Theoretical analysis is conducted to highlight the key parameters affecting the amplified moment factor, an index for evaluating the contribution of the amplified moment. To avoid direct prediction of the complex semi-rigid effects between BRB end and gusset plate, an equivalent rigidity concept is proposed to combine the contributions of both flexural and rotational rigidities of the entire connection. Simple formulae for estimation of the equivalent rigidity and the effective length factor of the connection are determined by finite element analysis. The theoretical BRB end moments using such an equivalent approach are validated experimentally and numerically. A practical approach to simply estimation of the amplified moment factor is also presented. Seismic design procedure for the BRB welded end connection considering the concerned effects are summarized finally.

Secondary frame action in concentrically braced frames designed for moderate seismicity: a full scale experimental study

European seismic design codes do not take into account the strength and stiffness of the secondary frame action provided by bracing gusset plates of concentrically braced frames (CBFs). This is an attractive assumption for practicing engineers, as it provides simplifications during the analysis and design phases. However, when efficiency and economy are concerned, especially in low-to-moderate seismic regions, this normally neglected frame resource may be interesting to consider in design. Gusset plates can provide a certain degree of stiffness and strength following the bracing failure, and may even prevent global collapse. In particular, when the shear deformation demand of the braced cell remains limited, as in the case of low-to-moderate seismic actions, it may become reasonable to take this extra stiffness and strength into account. Ongoing research project RFSR-CT-2013-00022 MEAKADO investigated this phenomenon by means of experimental and numerical studies with the perspective of setting new inputs for the design rules of the future generation of Eurocodes. This paper presents the results of full scale tests performed inside this research project, which characterized resistance, stiffness, and ductility resources of CBF systems designed for moderate seismicity. The paper also quantifies the effective contribution of the frame action, provided by gusset plate connections, to the global performance of CBF frames.

Exploring the depths of gender, parenting and ‘work’: critical discursive psychology and the ‘missing voices’ of involved fatherhood

ABSTRACTThis paper sets out to capture the missing voices of fathers in discussions around gender, parenting and work. Using Critical Discursive Psychology (CDP), a qualitative methodology that frames discourse, language and action as socially situated, the paper sets out to understand the complexities of involved fatherhood. Using data from two distinct research projects that considered managing tensions around parenting and paid work, alongside the move to ‘involved fatherhood’, we examine the ways in which different discourses are operating in order to construct stories around gender and parenting. We are particularly interested in the ways in which participants use language and, specifically, discourses of parenting, working and caring. Through the interview excerpts we analysed how simultaneously participants position themselves in the discourses and were also being positioned by the wider societal discourses. We consider how CDP can contribute rich insights into the ways in which fathers are arranging sharing parenting caregiving responsibilities, using these insights to inform the policy landscape. We finish the paper by suggesting that CDP methodology can be mobilised by researchers wanting to capture missing voices in shifting policy landscapes.

Affective Framing and Dramaturgical Actions in Social Movements

With the increasing use of innovative and expressive dramaturgical actions in contemporary social movements, activists appeal to the public’s emotional and moral convictions so as to elicit action. This study aims to investigate how the affective framing process, composed of sensual–emotional dramaturgical actions, can unleash the mobilizing and consolidating forces in social movements. I seek to elaborate upon the cognitively confined framing perspective by expanding the theoretical discussion to include the affective dimension of framing. I explore these issues through the investigation of a resistance movement in Tsoi Yuen Village, a rural community in Hong Kong, in which people rallied against the demolition of their community to make way for a regional express railway connecting Hong Kong to China. Through this investigation, I argue that dramaturgical tactics employed in social movements enhance the affective mobilization and consolidation power of framing through the mediation of emotional and moral components.

Nuevas formas de habitar la ciudad: hacia una conceptualización de la ciudadanía biovigilante

Resumen El concepto de ciudadanía es seguramente, uno de los más estudiados en la historia desde una perspectiva social: desde Aristóteles y la polis griega hasta la ciudad liberal del siglo XX. En este sentido, posteriormente han emergido una serie de estudios como los de Nikolas Rose o Kezia Barker donde el énfasis es puesto en la biociencia y la biotecnología para entender al ciudadano y donde el apego a un territorio ya no es una característica importante para la ciudadanía. En este trabajo, nos adherimos a esta línea y presentaremos el concepto de ciudadanía biovigilante para enmarcar una serie de políticas, acciones y acontecimientos que rodean a la ciudad actual en un campo donde los estudios sociales no han llegado con intensidad: la biovigilancia y las prácticas de bioseguridad en nuestra vida cotidiana. Mediante un estudio de caso de material documental sobre biovigilancia, presentaremos la novedad de nuestro trabajo frente a otras propuestas como las ya mencionadas utilizando de soporte teórico el concepto de paraskeue (equipamiento) de Michel Foucault. Finalmente, discutiremos acerca de las implicaciones biopolíticas de este nuevo tipo de ciudadanía y resaltaremos la importancia del concepto de escenario en las políticas de biovigilancia.

„ATSAKOMYBĖS GINTI“ PRINCIPO KONSTRAVIMAS TARPTAUTINIU IR NACIONALINIU LYGIU: JT IR JAV ATVEJAI

Responsibility to protect is a very controversial principle in the international arena. One group of researchers name it the new approach and impulse for human security and human rights improvements with deeper involvement and response from the international community. On the contrary, other group of researchers state that this concept doesn’t bring any new insights for situation improvement and can even be harmful, because it may, in some way, give a better opportunity for justification of the country’s unilateral intervention. While discussion is still ongoing, the rising and concerning issue is how this concept (let it be remembered that this is the product of a special committee outside the United Nations (UN)) is evolving and fixating itself on the international and national level – as prioritizing one country humanitarian actions or the joint response from international community. To analyse this issue, the UN is taken as the most important international actor regarding the question of international peace and security. USA is taken to analyse it from the national level. The research is based on primary source analysis. Results of the UN documents and primary source analysis indicate that the concept of responsibility to protect this organisation is evolving gradually. First, it was started with the basic and uncontroversial assumptions from the concept, then the idea of the possible fruitful cooperation with other regional and transnational organisations was introduced. Furthermore, the required steps before and after the crisis are named, strictly defined cases when responsibility to protect principle can be applied. In the UN, the principle is developing in more narrow in comparison with the primal guidelines from the special committee. Organisation clearly defines that the principle of responsibility to protect can be used just by the international community with the mandate of UN Security Council. No other options for other organisations or state are declared, even in the cases when the UN Security council is not able to take appropriate actions. With some exceptions, the analysis supports the researchers’ claim that international actions are prioritised and not very specific issues are added by this principle. Regarding the position of the USA, the result estimates a very incoherent position. In various sources, the position changes from very unfavourable to favourable. One of the most opposing statements from the responsibility to protect statement for US is the obligation to act in the situations where human rights condition is in a very poor situation. This is seen as framing countries actions; for this reason, there is an intention to change it to readiness to act. Considering the time frame of written sources, it can be seen that the position is changing to more favourable towards the responsibility to protect the concept itself, but to clearly define that position – one country’s humanitarian intervention or international response – is very difficult because the stated position is very ambiguous.

Modelling the catenary effect in the progressive collapse analysis of concrete structures

AbstractProgressive collapse is a phenomenon in which local failure of a structural component due to a gas explosion or blast may lead to failure of the entire structure or a significant part of it. RC structures can resist progressive collapse through various mechanisms such as frame action and catenary action.In this paper, the effect of catenary action on the resistance of concrete frame structures to progressive collapse is modelled using limit analysis. Non‐linear optimization is performed for this. It is observed that although frame action is known to be the main mechanism resisting progressive collapse, at the end of this action, after rupture of bottom bars, catenary effects may bring about a noticeable increase in the resistance of the structure. The results show good agreement with the experimental results of other researchers.

Bidirectional substructure pseudo‐dynamic tests and analysis of a full‐scale two‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame

SummaryA two‐story buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) frame was tested under bidirectional in‐plane and out‐of‐plane loading to evaluate the BRB stability and gusset plate design. The test comprised pseudo‐dynamic loadings using the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake scaled to the 50%, 10%, and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years and a cyclic regime of increasing amplitudes of up to 3.0% story drift ratio (SDR). The specimen had a unique configuration where the beams were connected to the columns through shear tabs welded to the column flanges and bolted to the beam webs. Stable hysteretic behavior with only minor cracking at the gusset‐to‐column welds was observed under the pseudo‐dynamic tests, with maximum in‐plane and out‐of‐plane SDRs of 2.24% and 1.47% respectively. Stable behavior continued into the cyclic test where fracture of the gusset‐to‐column welds occurred in the first cycle to simultaneous bidirectional SDR of 3.0%. The observed BRB stability is consistent with a methodology developed for BRB frames under simultaneous in‐plane and out‐of‐plane drifts. The specimen behavior was studied using a finite element model. It was shown that gusset plates are subjected to a combination of BRB force and frame action demands, with the latter increasing the gusset‐to‐beam and gusset‐to‐column interface demands by an average of 69% and 83% respectively. Consistent with the test results, failure at the gusset‐to‐column interfaces is computed when frame action demands are included, thus confirming that not considering frame action demands may results in unconservative gusset plate designs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Scenarios Research and Cognitive Reframing: Implications for Strategy as Practice

This paper makes two contributions to strategic management research. It positions scenarios research as a way to connect micro, meso, and macro level cognitive framing (Cornelissen and Werner, 2014) regarding environmental uncertainties. This extends the boundaries of strategy as practice by involving extra organizational actors in strategy praxis to ascertain macro level uncertainties (Vaara and Whittington, 2012, Floyd, 2011) and by linking the complex connections between the micro, meso and macro praxis (Jarzabowski and Spee 2009). The paper considers the role of a scenarios methodology in strategic management with respect to two unrelated case studies – a real estate firm, and a trade association, with and about whom two of the researchers have a detailed knowledge since 2009. While the findings we report here must be treated as exploratory, they do conform to a pattern of findings that a broader six year old research effort has been producing (Ramirez et al, 2015). The findings also conform to the way sociology has been treating the ‘framing’ of issues since Goffman (1974) popularized the construct. As Cornelissen & Werner’s (2014) recent review of framing suggests, the field includes ‘micro’ (individual) level research concerning the cognitive frame, frame of reference, and the framing effects involved; ‘meso’ organizational) level research about what strategic frame, technological framing, and collective action framing take place; and ‘macro-level’ research at the field level including institutional frames as well as framing contexts. This paper establishes that scenarios research allows management to clearly connect what Pierre Wack (1985) famously called the 'microscope of the mind to the 'macroscope- of the world accessed with scenarios; it does so by respectively reframing roles and relationships at the micro and meso levels. This paper is also a response to the call made by Vaara and Whittington (2012) to broaden the analyses of strategy-making, moving away from a strong emphasis on the ability of individual managers or management teams to steer an organization to instead become more concerned with placing agency in a web of practices. Accordingly, Whittington et al (2003) proposed that strategy be investigated as a field or social system characterised by connections between corporate elites, strategy consultants, financial institutions, state agencies, the business media, and business schools with an emphasis on understanding how these interactions contribute to the production and consumption of particular kinds of strategy discourse. This paper establishes that taking a scenarios approach can help strategists in firms in turbulent environments (Emery and Trist, 1965) to host diverse views without having to reach agreement, and so more readily comprehend the relevance, complexity, and potential impacts of such a web of practices. By having a small set of scenarios that disagree with each other but do so within different futures, the views of “the other” (Habermas, 2000) and the connections between the web of practices can be safely explored within a “safe” transitional space (Amado and Ambrose, 2001).

Increasing the Meaningfulness of Work with Motivational Self-Transcendence

There are three primary definitions of motivational self- transcendence in psychology: (1) connecting your identity to making a positive impact on the world or the lives of others; (2) framing your actions in a broader, more meaningful context; (3) a basic human value characterized by benevolence and universalism. This review illustrates the mechanisms and boundary conditions for each type of motivational self-transcendence, placing special emphasis on how they present in a work context. I include relevant research findings on motivational self-transcendence in organizational science, as well as recommendations for how organizations can utilize each conceptualization. Finally, I discuss how the three types of motivational self-transcendence can be integrated.

Method of Structural Design of Heavy Machine Tools

This paper presents a method of arrangement the frames of heavy lathes with dispersed forces along the coordinate axes of the loads that act on the machine while it is running. Mathematical models of large bearing systems, taking into account typical and boundary loads are developed. The field trials of the action of frames are conducted. We analyzed the movement of the frame on the coordinate axes due to its loading. A solid modeling and research of support of heavy lathe using a package Solid Works Simulation are conducted. The perspective ways to further improve the accuracy of machine tools are proposed.

Gramma/Topology (Short Version): The Construction of a Designerly Theory of Knowing

In this chapter I set out a possible framework for a designerly theory of knowing, called gramma/topology, a framework that is simultaneously a framing action in real time; it is a means towards an end. However, this model-of-knowing-and-exploring, projected onto the world, becomes a unique construction that may look the same (to an observer), but differs in use from person to person like fingerprints. The main part deals with the theoretical and philosophical inputs that provide the core of what can become gramma/topology, an argumentative theory in search of both epistemological and ontological ways of knowing. After a short summation, and as an example of my own gramma/topological reasoning I discuss the structure of a cybernetic design conversation, including Heidegger’s notion of the ontology of equipment, and end with Aristotle’s defense of arguing to first principles.

Disformal gravity theories: A Jordan frame analysis

The Jordan frame action for general disformal theories is presented and studied for the first time, motivated by several unresolved mysteries that arise when working in the Einstein frame. We present the Friedmann equations and, specialising to exponential functions, study the late-time cosmology using dynamical systems methods and by finding approximate solutions. Our analysis reveals that either the disformal effects are irrelevant or the universe evolves towards a phantom phase where the equation of state of dark energy is $-3$. There is a marginal case where the asymptotic state of the universe depends on the model parameters and de-Sitter solutions can be obtained. Our findings indicate that the metric singularity found using the Einstein frame construction corresponds phantom behaviour in the Jordan frame and we argue that this is the case for general disformal theories.