Qualitative Research Framework Research Articles

Emotional Labor and Mental Health in Adult Education: Reintegration Among Deported Mexicans in Bilingual Call Centers Post-COVID 19

This study investigates the role of bilingual call centers in Mexico as platforms for reintegration and skill development for Mexicans deported from the United States post-COVID-19. Utilizing a qualitative research framework, we conducted 30 in-depth interviews in Tijuana and Juarez, combined with ethnographic fieldwork, to explore the lived experiences of deported individuals working in these call centers. Our analysis reveals that while call centers provide critical employment opportunities and access to adult education, they also pose significant mental health challenges due to stressful work conditions and frequent exposure to caller abuse. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to improve work conditions and support the mental health of this vulnerable population. This paper contributes to the discourse on migration and adult education by highlighting the complex dynamics of bilingual call centers as both avenues for socio-economic reintegration and sources of psychological stress for deported Mexicans.

Analyzing Argumentative Texts Produced by English Education Master's Students at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

This research investigates the grammatical construction and common logical problems in argumentative essays produced by Master of English Education students at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. This study utilized a qualitative research framework and content analysis as the design. The data collection involves a detailed syntactical analysis, facilitated by Shang’s syntax tree generator, with the researcher actively engaged in the evaluation and categorization of grammatical and logical elements. The main arguments are identified, and connections to the overarching thesis are established. Systematic coding is applied to categorize findings, encompassing sentence structure, evidence usage, tone, logical connectives, cohesions, counterarguments, and identification of logical fallacies. Findings reveal notable technical errors in sentence construction, especially in constructing complex sentences. Moreover, difficulties in understanding the appropriate genre in argumentative writing and logical errors in expressing opinions and drawing conclusions are identified. This study discovered that students encounter difficulties in maintaining a coherent and logically sound progression of ideas throughout their essays.

Enhancing Logistics Distribution Efficiency for Indonesian Navy Warships in Operations Area

The Indonesian Navy faces challenges in maintaining the readiness of warships deployed in external operation areas due to inefficiencies in logistics distribution. Understanding current practices and identifying bottlenecks is crucial for devising strategies to enhance logistics efficiency. This study aims to investigate the current logistics distribution practices of the Indonesian Navy, identify primary bottlenecks and inefficiencies, explore opportunities for optimization, and propose strategies for increasing logistics distribution efficiency to support warships in external operation areas. Utilizing Creswell's qualitative research framework, this study analyzes existing secondary data from academic journals, reports, and governmental documents related to naval logistics in Indonesia. The study reveals the current logistics distribution practices and procedures of the Indonesian Navy, identifies primary bottlenecks and inefficiencies within the existing system, explores opportunities for optimization of logistics processes and infrastructure, and proposes a comprehensive strategy for increasing logistics distribution efficiency to support the readiness of Indonesian Navy warships in external operation areas. By leveraging qualitative research methods and secondary data analysis, this study provides valuable insights into enhancing logistics distribution efficiency for Indonesian Navy warships, contributing to improved readiness and operational effectiveness in external operation areas.

ASSESSING THE FACTORS IMPACTING SHIPPING CONTAINER DWELL TIME: A MULTI-PORT OPTIMIZATION STUDY

Ocean transportation is the most preferred mode of transportation that represents a significant role in the global trade. Ocean transportation comprises around 80% of the aggregate worldwide cargo volume. This research paper focused on evaluating the factors that influence the dwell time of the shipping containers. Dwell time is one of the important port performance parameters which evaluates the time spent by the container in a port. In this research, the data from the fourteen major ports was collected and analysed across the variables, such as cycle, size, mode, status, delivery and tracking technology for evaluating the variation in container dwell time. OLS regression method (Ordinary least squares) along with independent sample T test was adopted for the analysis of 2.8 million container data entries utilizing python for big data analysis and SPSS. For the top three ports with lowest RMSE (Root mean square error), Port A – 15.6 %, Port G – 15.7 % and Port L – 15.86 %, a qualitative study was performed to identify the reasons for the variation in dwell time. The major reasons identified included free days period, trans-shipment port, high rail frequency, industrial hubs in the vicinity of the ports for lower dwell time. A qualitative research framework was presented as the research outcomes and reasons for variations in a multiport study.

MZ 세대의 관계문화, 위계문화의 조직몰입 구조관계

This study aims to verify the effect of the relationship culture and hierarchical culture of the MZ generation on organizational commitment through organizational trust. The data and questionnaire data were verified as 6,279 people in the MZ generation out of a total of 9,516 workers working in 500 companies using the Human Capital Enterprise Panel (HCCP) of the Korea Vocational Competency Development Institute in 2022. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis and correlation analysis, and SPSS 23 was used for confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and mediating effects were verified through AMOS 23. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that relational culture had a positive (+) effect on an individual's organizational commitment. Second, it was found that hierarchical culture had a negative (-) effect on individual organizational commitment. Third, it was found that organizational trust partially mediated the relationship between relationship culture and organizational commitment, and finally, organizational trust completely mediated the relationship between hierarchical culture and organizational commitment. Through this study, companies should develop an advanced relational culture to other workers by generation within the organization, such as the MZ generation, and support and policies to supplement the hierarchical culture within the organization, which is neglected because it is reasonable for large-scale organizations, are specially required. In addition, it is necessary to implement programs that can continuously improve relationship culture to the MZ generation and increase trust in the organization rather than trust in bosses and colleagues so that they can immerse themselves in the organization. However, this study studied the relationship only with four variables: relationship culture, hierarchical culture, organizational trust, and organizational commitment, and for more sophisticated analysis, research is needed by dividing the organizational level. Finally, since this study has limitations in presenting a conceptual framework at the theoretical level and quantitative research, future research should present a framework for research and supplement qualitative research.

The Discourse on Student Engagement and Motivation Among Foreign Students in Finland

Student engagement in higher education is a complex construct that encompasses the active participation, involvement, and investment of students in their learning experiences. However, foreign students, who bring unique cultural, linguistic, and social backgrounds, face distinct challenges and experiences in adapting to higher education environments. This research aimed to fill a practical research gap by exploring how foreign undergraduate students in Finland perceive student engagement and motivation in higher education. Moreover, it sought to advance the ongoing discussion about student engagement in academia. This inductive research adopted a qualitative research framework and gathered interview data with foreign degree students in Finland. The semi-structured interviews with foreign undergraduate students were analyzed thematically and yielded four primary themes. First, the theme of peer interaction and cultural stereotypes, followed by the second theme, which revolves around integration challenges. The third theme highlights challenges viewed as opportunities, and finally, the theme of institutional support. Moreover, the study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing valuable insights about a group of students that is often marginalized. The article concludes by providing implications for research and practice.

Midwives' experiences of performing obstetric ultrasounds in antenatal care in eastern Ethiopia: Qualitative exploratory study.

In 2016, the World Health Organization recommended inclusion of an ultrasound scan as part of routine antenatal care to improve pregnancy outcomes. However, most rural women in Ethiopia do not have access to ultrasound scanning as part of their routine antenatal care. Recently, ultrasonography services were introduced at health centers in Harar, Kersa, and Haramaya districts in Eastern Ethiopia. This expoloratory study aimed to examine experiences of pregnancy surveillance midwives in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) who performed ultrasonography at health centers that are in the catchment area of Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems, in Eastern Ethiopia. To explor midwives' experiences across 14 health centers in Eastern Ethiopia, located in the Kersa, Haramaya, and Harar Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems from February to April 2022. Exploratory qualitative study. The methods used were based on the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research framework. Purposeful sampling was used to explore experiences of midwives who performed ultrasonography at selected health centers. The Midwives are recurited, trained and stationed at the health ceners to do ultrasound scanning and other activities by the Child Helath and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) pregancny surveillance activities. Among 17 midwives who had undergone ultrasonography training and who were actively involved in ultrasound scanning at health centers in Kersa, Haramaya, and Harar Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems, three midwives who worked at health centers with no power or near a hospital were excluded. Using tape recordings and note-taking, data were collected through in-depth interviews based on a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis used for data categorization, and the trustworthiness of data was kept throughout the procedure using credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. In this study, we identified five main themes: Ultrasonography positively impacts midwives trained as sonographers; performing ultrasound scans enhances the skills and confidence of midwives, improving their professional development, Individual perception of self-efficacy; midwives' belief in their abilities to perform ultrasound scans effectively influences their job satisfaction and motivation, Provision of care; integrating ultrasound into antenatal care enhances the quality, therapeutic communication, and personalized nature of care provided to pregnant women, Barriers to providing ultrasonography services; challenges such as shortage of ultrasonography-trained staff and workload can hinder the delivery of ultrasound services in rural areas, Community acceptance; the level of community understanding, trust, and support towards ultrasound technology and midwives as sonographers impacts the successful implementation and sustainability of ultrasound services. Ultrasonography performed by midwives at rural health centers had a considerable impact on antenatal care services and incareased confidence of midwives.

Investigation of cyberloafing behavior in terms of various elements: a qualitative study

Purpose- In this study, the concept of cyberloafing, which we encounter more frequently as the use of technology increases day by day, is examined. In this respect, the aim of the study is to determine which situations the participants see as cyberloafing behavior, to reveal what the reasons for cyberloafing are, and to find out whether they perceive it as cyberloafing if they show cyberloafing behavior. Methodology- The research was structured within the framework of qualitative research and descriptive analysis. Interview technique was preferred in the research in order to obtain more detailed information from the participants about cyberloafing. The research was conducted with 21 participants. Findings- According to the results of the research, it was revealed that all participants showed cyberloafing behavior. Participants agreed that the definition of cyberloafing behavior is a behavior that occurs “while at work”. The majority of participants define cyberloafing behavior as “spending time on the internet while at work”. Participants mostly exemplified cyberloafing behavior as surfing on the internet, surfing around on social media networks, and playing games on the computer/phone. The most common reasons that may lead employees to show cyberloafing behavior are social media usage habits, fear of missing the agenda, and fear of missing out on what the entourage is doing. Participants consider the disadvantages of cyberloafing behavior to be decreased job performance, postponement of responsibilities, and increased concentration problems. Conclusion- When the study results are evaluated in general, organizations and managers can focus on reducing the negative aspects of cyberloafing behavior by providing information and training to employees about the use of the internet and technology for personal reasons. Considering the positive and negative consequences of cyberloafing behavior, it would be appropriate to develop organizational policies and strategies on this issue instead of completely eliminating cyberloafing in organizations. Keywords: Cyberloafing, cyberslacking, qualitative research, internet usage. JEL Codes: M10, M15, D23

Re-imagining assessment in higher education: Creating alternative pathways for inclusive and democratic assessments in Zambian higher education institutions

This paper interrogates emerging issues and assessment practices within higher education institutions in Zambia. It presents the reflections of a sample of lecturers and students from the country’s largest public university on their assessment experiences during and after the COVID-19 pandemic disruptions. Employing a qualitative research framework grounded in critical social theory, the study uncovers the constructions of assessment in higher education and how current assessment practices, particularly the focus on grades, undermine authentic learning experiences and learner motivation. Through in-depth interviews, participants challenge current practices and envision alternative approaches to higher education assessment that prioritize flexibility and creativity. This article gives a voice to the otherwise voiceless students and lecturers whose insights might be critical in transforming higher education assessments for student empowerment, equity, criticality, and lifelong learning.

An Introduction to the Investigation of Conspiracy Theories

Conspiracy theories have become a ubiquitous element of the political and popular culture of contemporary human society in recent years. Theories explaining "how it really is (was), who is (was) behind it, in whose interest it is happening (happened)" and so on have become popular all over the world. Given their global spread and the persistence of many of them in society, it is not surprising that conspiracy theories have become the object of scholarly interest not only for historians, sociologists, psychologists, or anthropologists, but also representatives from other disciplines, e.g., political science, philosophy, cultural studies, security sciences, or mass media studies, and the subject of several scholarly papers in recent years. Therefore, the the primary goal of the author of the study– is to contribute to the academic discussion and to deepen theoretical knowledge about conspiracy theories by using relevant scientific methods within the framework of qualitative theoretical interdisciplinary scientific research and the findings published in the works of renowned foreign and domestic authors.

Comparative Analysis of Waqf Institutions Governance in India and Singapore

Waqf refers to a specific form of philanthropic charitable act that is practiced by allocating a non-perishable tangible asset. It involves designating categories of beneficiaries who are entitled to receive its benefits or income. This research investigates the governing structures of Waqf institutions in India and Singapore, with the objective of comprehending the intricate factors that influence their operational functionality. This research aims to explore the differences and similarities in the governance structures of waqf in both countries, considering its significance in their socio-religious landscapes. The main objectives of this comparative analysis are to examine the governance models of Waqf institutions in India and Singapore, identify regulatory mechanisms, and evaluate their impact on the administration and utilization of Waqf assets. Additionally, the study aims to illuminate the socio-economic implications of the differences in governance and assess the effectiveness of each model in preserving the intended socio-religious goals of Waqf endowments. This paper is grounded on research conducted using available written materials, and it embraces the qualitative research framework to analyze the literature at hand. By assessing and comparing the governance of Waqf institutions in India and Singapore, significant disparities are uncovered. India's approach is characterized by decentralization and the existence of various regulatory bodies, Singapore adopts a more centralized approach. The study sheds light on how different governance structures impact the effectiveness, transparency, and sustainable management of Waqf assets. Financial sustainability, community involvement, and adherence to socio-religious purpose emerge as pivotal factors that differentiate the two models.

Exploring Attitudes, Identity, and Linguistic Variation among Arabic Speakers: Insights from Acoustic Landscapes

This study endeavors to delve into the diverse attitudes held by Arabic speakers towards dialects, language utilization, and pronunciation, while concurrently analyzing the impact of social identity on their language conduct. Adopting a qualitative research framework, the study employed open-ended questions to gather comprehensive data from a representative subset of proficient Arabic speakers. A broad spectrum of participants offered valuable insights into their attitudes toward dialects, perceptions regarding the imperative nature of attaining flawless Arabic proficiency, levels of linguistic adaptability, self-assurance in spoken Arabic, as well as the compelling influence of their social identities on pronunciation. The analysis of the gathered responses revealed appreciation among participants for the richness of dialectical diversity, which they perceived as a formidable strength. Paradoxically, these individuals also experienced considerable pressure to achieve an elusive standard of perfect Arabic proficiency, driven by the demanding expectations of work and social spheres. Additionally, participants exhibited some degree of flexibility in their approach to language use, manifesting varying levels of confidence in their Arabic speaking abilities. Significantly, the study uncovered a correlation between social identity and pronunciation patterns, illuminating how one's identity exerts a tangible influence on their linguistic articulation.

Green Economy's Impact on Food Security Program Evaluation

Sustainable green economic concepts are essential for food security initiatives. Utilising organic fertilisers allows for the long-term preservation of natural ecosystems in the Pinrang Regency and the economic prosperity of local farmers through the sale of agricultural products such as fisheries and plantations. By conducting in-depth interviews with participants, participating in direct observation, and reviewing pertinent materials, the researcher actively examines the study hypothesis in the framework of qualitative research. This qualitative study seeks to understand how organic fertiliser use affects agricultural production. Additionally, the study tries to determine whether this farming approach may improve farmers' quality of life. The study found that a green economy program that improves agricultural productivity could raise farmers' living standards. According to the study's findings, incorporating a green economy program into agricultural practices can enhance agricultural quality, farmers' green economy proficiency, and farmers' collective responsibility for the preservation of the environment.

Implementasi Kebijakan Percepatan Penurunan Stunting Pada Dinas Keluarga Berencana, Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Kabupaten Sintang

Stunting has been designated as a national priority issue. The target to reduce stunting by 27.6% in 2019 is expected to be 14% in 2024. Based on the 2021 Indonesian Nutrition Status (SSGI) results, Sintang District has the second largest stunting prevalence rate in West Kalimantan, which is 38.2%. So that the high prevalence of stunting can hamper efforts to improve public health and develop the quality of human resources. With the issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 72 of 2021 concerning the Acceleration of Stunting Reduction, where the BKKBN is the Chief Executive, it certainly has an impact on the need for program coordination and convergence in the field. So that this automatically results in the Office of Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Sintang Regency, which is an extension of the West Kalimantan Provincial BKKBN Representative, responsible for accelerating the reduction of stunting in Sintang District. Hence, the Office of Family Planning, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection in Sintang Regency are making endeavors to expedite the reduction of stunting through diverse strategies. The aim of this research was to comprehend the execution of measures for accelerating the decline of stunting at the Sintang District Office of Family Planning, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection, guided by the principles established by Donald Van Meter and Charles Van Meter. This research employs a case study approach, employing a qualitative descriptive research framework. The data collection techniques by way of interviews, observation and documentation/documentary studies. The results of this study are that in 2022 based on the results of the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the prevalence rate of stunting in Sintang District shows a very significant decrease. The study's outcome reveals that the execution of the strategy aimed at expediting the reduction of stunting in the context of Sintang Family Planning has been observed, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Services has been going well and has been successful in efforts to deal with stunting by reducing the prevalence of stunting from 38.2% to 18.7%. One of the suggestions given is the need to carry out community empowerment activities in an effort to fulfill balanced nutrition for families at risk of stunting, namely families with prospective brides, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, toddlers and stunted toddlers, especially from underprivileged families.

Bureaucracy, Situation, Discrimination, and Elite in Islamic Education Perspective of Digital Era

The article is to find out the definition and system of good and correct bureaucracy from an Islamic education perspective in the Digital Era. To find out the definition and practice of discrimination as well as solutions to deal with discrimination from an Islamic education perspective. To find out the definition of elite in the Islamic view of the digital era. The researchers engage in synthesizing the gathered information and conducting a thorough analysis. It presents this literature review within a descriptive qualitative research framework, adopting a phenomenological approach, to extract insights that address the research question by first collecting data and then seeking understanding. The result show that Discrimination can be overcome by instilling the teachings of the Islamic religion (caliphate principles) into oneself by accepting the nature of humans as social creatures who must live side by side with other humans who have different personalities and characteristics. At the elite level of thinking, we observe a pragmatic approach as elites gravitate toward populist figures to boost their popularity. This behavior is often characterized as a form of currying favor with those in power. The resulting phenomenon has generated narratives that have become a source of political turmoil, leading to widespread unrest among the grassroots population.
 Keywords: Elite in Digital Era, Discrimination in Digital Era, Bureaucracy in Digital Era

Sensory integration: the body perception in chan chuang practice

Chan chuang, a psychophysical practice renowned for its beneficial effects, has been favored by martial artists and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners since ancient times. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, chan chuang has garnered increased attention and recognition. However, existing research primarily focuses on the efficacy of chan chuang, rather than exploring the practice itself. Consequently, there is a dearth of scientific and experiential guidance available to current practitioners of chan chuang. To address this gap, the present study employs an in-depth interview method within a qualitative research framework, conducting follow-up interviews with eight martial artists who regularly engage in chan chuang practice. By gaining insights into the physical and mental states of these practitioners, this paper aims to elucidate their embodied experiences of chan chuang from the perspective of “body perception”. The findings reveal that the practitioners’ perception of their bodies during chan chuang practice can be characterized by three key aspects: stillness, naturalness, and qi. The sense of stillness signifies a state of tranquility in both body and mind. The sense of naturalness represents a harmonious equilibrium of body and mind, at times even resulting in a loss of self-awareness. Finally, the sense of qi conveys a serene mental state accompanied by the smooth flow of life energy and blood. These three dimensions guide chan chuang practitioners toward attaining physical and mental well-being.

Building a Qualitative Research Framework for Researching How Human Dignity is Realised in Judicial Proceedings†

Abstract The relationship between the judge and the parties to judicial proceedings must entail communication, including appropriate reactions, during the proceedings and be balanced and respectful, despite different views being held. Irrespective of a judge disagreeing with the parties and any actions by the parties in breach of the law, the judge is supposed to provide the parties with a genuine sense of respect. Judges thereby help realise the human dignity of the individuals involved in judicial proceedings. However, the abstract nature of the concept of human dignity means empirical research on the realisation of human dignity remains modest at the scientific level. This article builds a research framework for researching the ways in which the human dignity of an individual (more specifically, the accused person) is realised in the vertical relationships (judicial authority–individual) during criminal proceedings. In this respect, the article opens the door for future empirical research on the realisation of human dignity.

Membership categorization analysis, race, and racism

ABSTRACT Membership Categorization Analysis (MCA) has the potential to highlight the dynamic ways that people make race relevant to everyday life. However, existing MCA research conducts analyses that are disconnected from the broader sociopolitical contexts within which race categories are developed and used. This article proposes an extension MCA that foregrounds ways that racial category use mobilizes racial inferences and is consequential for the constitution of knowledge about race and racism. Scholars conducting an MCA of race categories should (a) engage with social science research on race and racism (b) meet unique adequacy requirements for research. We apply these extensions to three key tenets of MCA: knowledge, the membership categorization device, and morality. We then present two illustrative analyses: from Asian Americans discussing business in the United States and from Indians discussing anti-Black racism in India. We close by discussing the implications of our framework for MCA and qualitative psychological research.

Development Opportunities for the Hungarian Agricultural Startup Ecosystem

Nowadays, the role of agriculture and the food industry is gradually gaining importance, although it will face many challenges in the future. Digitalisation and newly founded innovative companies can provide solutions to these challenges. The recently established agtech startups could significantly transform the sector. The Hungarian agtech startup ecosystem is a relatively underdeveloped community, but its impact is already notable. The research analyses the characteristics of the Hungarian agriculture technology startup ecosystem and identifies the directions for its future development. Within a qualitative research framework, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine Hungary-based agri-startups, as well as the Hungarian National Chamber of Agriculture TechLab staff members, based on semi-structured questions, between 20 March and 20 April 2021. The results show that there is a good financial environment for Hungarian agtech startups to achieve high performance levels. However, there exist some barriers to success, such as the lack of a culture of failure and relaunch, the low prestige of the agricultural sector, and limited sales capabilities. So far, few Hungarian agtech companies have been able to achieve significant results at the international level. With the advanced digitalisation, the sector is becoming increasingly attractive to young people. The ecosystem’s experience of developing talent management and increased internationalisation over the years can help overcome the limits of the industry. If the startup sector manages to achieve international recognition in the coming years, Hungarian agricultural startups may have a promising future.

Kelekatan Anak di Panti Asuhan dan Pondok Pesantren Muhammadiyah Gurah Kabupaten Kediri

The purpose of this study was to find out: 1) Attachment of orphanage children to caregivers at the Muhammadiyah Islamic Bording school and Orohanage; 2) The attachment style of the children at the Muhammadiyah Gurah Islamic Boarding School and Orphanage in, is it secure, avoidant, or anxiety; 3) the factors that influence the attachment style. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research framework with a case study model. Data collection was carried out by observation and interviews with both orphanage children and caregivers, as well as documentation. The research subjects were 5 children living in the Muhammadiyah Gurah Islamic Boarding School and orphanage. Checking the validity of the data was carried out by extending participation and triangulation. The results showed: a) 2 out of 5 subjects had an attachment to their caregivers and the remaining 3 subjects had no attachment to their caregivers; b) three of the study subjects developed a secure attachment style. The remaining 2 subjects developed an insecure (anxious) attachment style; c) Factors that influence the development of attachment style: the role of caregivers, age at the orphanage, parental social support, and self-acceptance.