Mitigation Framework Research Articles

Institutionalization of Traditional Cultural Courts and Mitigation of Gender-Based Violence in Bundibugyo District in Uganda: An Examination of Cultural Norms and Justice Systems

Purpose: The study examined the impact of the institutionalization of traditional cultural courts (ITCC) on mitigating gender-based violence (GBV) in Bundibugyo District, Uganda. Materials and Methods: The study was grounded in a positivist paradigm and employed a correlation quantitative research design. Data were collected from 203 respondents, including district officers and representatives from NGOs, using structured questionnaires. The study adopted an explanatory linear regression analysis, a parametric test aimed at explaining the effect of the independent variable (ITCC) on the dependent variable (GBV mitigation). Conventional regression (p-value = 0.05) was used as a basis to interpret the findings, where a computed value was above the p-value which indicated an insignificant effect. Findings: Statistical analysis revealed that the institutionalization of traditional cultural courts accounted for only 1.2% of the mitigation of GBV (R² = .012). The relationship was found to be statistically insignificant (p = .553; p > 0.05). Confirming the hypothesis that the contribution of traditional cultural courts to reducing GBV is minimal and not substantial enough to be considered impactful. Additional findings highlighted critical barriers to the effectiveness of these courts, including a lack of legal awareness among court leaders, societal normalization of GBV, and fear of retribution. These findings align with literature on the limitations of traditional cultural courts, especially in rural settings. Implications to Theory, Practice, and Policy: The study contributes to the discourse on legal pluralism and its application in GBV mitigation, emphasizing the need to bridge traditional and formal justice systems. Practical implications include enhancing the capacity of court leaders, integrating traditional justice with formal legal frameworks, and strengthening community education on GBV mitigation. Policy recommendations include adopting and contextualizing GBV mitigation frameworks for more effective interventions in rural communities

Cyber fraud (CF) in banking: a dual-layer, blockchain-enabled approach for prevention and managerial response

PurposeThis study addresses the growing cyber risks of banks by proposing an innovative, end-to-end dual-layer blockchain-based cyber fraud (CF) response system that integrates Safeguard (SG) and Block guard (BG) mechanisms. The comprehensive solution offers an actionable framework for bank managers to mitigate CFs by prioritizing fraud detection, leveraging early warning signals (EWS), and implementing tailored, need-based control measures before, during, and after a fraud event.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a multi-method approach, beginning with an extensive literature review on fraud identification, assessment, and prevention strategies. A theoretical framework is constructed to support the proposed SG and BG measures. Machine learning-based data analysis, using Artificial Neural Networks, is employed to dynamically assess the severity of CFs in real time. A managerial action plan for each phase of the fraud lifecycle is presented.FindingsThe research underscores the necessity for an adaptable, dual-layered response system that transitions from reactive to proactive and predictive mitigation strategies. The study introduces a novel approach incorporating SG and BG mitigation measures, enabling managers to detect early warning signals and implement robust post-fraud interventions.Practical implicationsThe dual-layer approach enhances the sector's resilience to CFs by providing a robust, adaptive framework for fraud prevention and mitigation. This approach helps maintain stability, SG the bank's reputation, and improve overall risk management practices.Originality/valueThis study is unique in its development of an integrated SG and BG response system, combining machine learning, blockchain technology, early warning signals, and a structured before-during-after fraud control model. The research also highlights the critical role of bank managers in implementing and overseeing this innovative response system.

Critical mobility in policy making for epidemic containment

When considering airborne epidemic spreading in social systems, a natural connection arises between mobility and epidemic contacts. As individuals travel, possibilities to encounter new people either at the final destination or during the transportation process appear. Such contacts can lead to new contagion events. In fact, mobility has been a crucial target for early non-pharmaceutical containment measures against the recent COVID-19 pandemic, with a degree of intensity ranging from public transportation line closures to regional, city or even home confinements. Nonetheless, quantitative knowledge on the relationship between mobility-contagions and, consequently, on the efficiency of containment measures remains elusive. Here we introduce an agent-based model with a simple interaction between mobility and contacts. Despite its simplicity, our model shows the emergence of a critical mobility level, inducing major outbreaks when surpassed. We explore the interplay between mobility restrictions and the infection in recent intervention policies seen across many countries, and how interventions in the form of closures triggered by incidence rates can guide the epidemic into an oscillatory regime with recurrent waves. We consider how the different interventions impact societal well-being, the economy and the population. Finally, we propose a mitigation framework based on the critical nature of mobility in an epidemic, able to suppress incidence and oscillations at will, preventing extreme incidence peaks with potential to saturate health care resources.

Improving Community Resilience on the Lembang Fault: Local Wisdom as the Basis for Innovative Volunteer Communication Strategies for Disaster Mitigation

This study examines the role of volunteers in implementing innovative communication strategies based on local wisdom for disaster management in Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings highlight three innovative programs developed by the Lembang Disaster Management Volunteers (RPBL): Pelesir Jauh Tina Mamala, Kelasmina, and Susur Sesar Mikawanoh Lembur. These initiatives integrate Sundanese cultural principles, such as Katiluan (Third) and Panca Wilayah (Five Regions), effectively blending indigenous knowledge with edutainment approaches. RPBL’s programs represent a significant shift from hierarchical disaster management to a participatory, community-driven model. By embedding cultural values into disaster preparedness strategies, these initiatives enhance public awareness, engagement, and resilience. This study emphasizes the importance of culturally contextual communication in disaster management and offers insights into creating sustainable and inclusive mitigation frameworks. It also sets the stage for future research to assess their long-term impact.

OVERPOPULATION-A CHALLENGE TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: SGD 6 (CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION), SGD 7 (AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY), SDG 11(SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES) AND SDG 13 (CLIMATE ACTION) AND INTEGRATION OF EIA IN DESIGNING MITIGATION FRAMEWORKS

Overpopulation, basically insinuates a situation wherein the Earth can't recuperate the resources used by the total populace.Experts say this has been the case consistently beginning around 1970, with each progressive year turning out to be increasingly harming. To help temper this wildly unsustainable situation, we want to comprehend what's adding to overpopulation and overconsumption and how these trends are affecting everything from environmental change to sociopolitical turmoil.It is not new to us that overpopulation does have a negative impact on the environment. The environment is under extreme stress due to the rapid increase in human population. Overpopulation has negative effects on the environment that go beyond simple environmental damage. It is only logical that an increase in the world’s population will cause additional strains on resources. More people means an increased demand for food, water, housing, energy, healthcare, transportation, and more. And all that consumption contributes to ecological degradation, increased conflicts, and a higher risk of large-scale disasters like pandemics thus making it difficult to achievesustainable development goals including SGD 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SGD 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).Although overpopulation has negative effects on the environment, these effects can be lessened by addressing the problems through strategic planning and practices, efficient government/community involvement and designing effective mitigation frameworks based on the analysis of Environmental impact assessment (EIA) in every step. For a sustainable future, population growth and resource management must be balanced. In conclusion, even though the EIA's main responsibility is to protect the environment, by supporting policies that lessen the pressure from expanding human populations, protecting ecosystems, and encouraging sustainable resource use, it helps address some of the negative environmental effects of overpopulation.

Understanding project cost contingency estimation: a holistic risk perspective

PurposeCost contingency is widely employed to address project risks. This systematic literature review aims to develop a framework for understanding risks in project cost contingency estimation.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review of 859 abstracts and 67 full articles was conducted using a framework synthesis method.FindingsThe study establishes a six-element risk framework for project cost contingency estimation, encompassing event, consequence, uncertainty, probability, knowledge, and mitigation. Twelve risk dimensions in the project cost contingency estimation are further developed.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the project management literature by constructing a framework for understanding risks in project cost contingency estimation. This framework provides guidance for enhancing the accuracy of project cost contingency estimation.

CO-STOP: A Robust P4-Powered Adaptive Framework for Comprehensive Detection and Mitigation of Coordinated and Multi-Faceted Attacks in SD-IoT Networks

CO-STOP: A Robust P4-Powered Adaptive Framework for Comprehensive Detection and Mitigation of Coordinated and Multi-Faceted Attacks in SD-IoT Networks

Occurrence and enrichment mechanisms of groundwater hexavalent chromium in typical loess area of China.

Understanding the geochemical mechanisms governing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in groundwater is essential for mitigating health risks. However, the processes driving Cr(VI) accumulation and migration in loess regions remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the occurrence, release, and migration mechanisms of Cr(VI) across different groundwater environmental units (GEUs) in the south-central Loess Plateau, China. This study used combined approach of isotopic analysis, multivariate statistical methods, hydrochemical graphical methods, and GIS technology to reveal the origins and processes influencing Cr(VI) hydrogeochemistry within these GEUs. The results revealed significant spatial variability in Cr(VI) concentrations among the GEUs, ranging from below the detection limit to 300μg/L, with nearly 40% of samples exceeding the WHO limit. Pronounced enrichment of Cr(VI) was observed in the fissure-pore water of the loess tableland and pore water of the alluvial plain. Cr(VI) enrichment and release in the GEUs were facilitated by oxidative conditions (high Eh, SO42-/HCO3-, Mn-oxide presence) and cation exchange processes under slightly alkaline conditions (pH>7.80). Key hydrogeological processes and geomorphological factors, including lateral runoff recharge, slow groundwater flow in the loess tableland, vertical recharge, extensive water-rock interactions, and hydraulic gradients were identified as critical divers of Cr(VI) migration and enrichment across different GEUs. Under reductive conditions, Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), particularly in the pore water of the alluvial plain, but competitive adsorption with nitrate allows the enrichment of Cr(VI) in groundwater, particularly in the fissure-pore aquifer. A conceptual model was developed to elucidate Cr(VI) sources and migration mechanisms in groundwater, offering a framework for risk mitigation and management of groundwater in loess regions.

Continual debiasing: A bias mitigation framework for natural language understanding systems

Continual debiasing: A bias mitigation framework for natural language understanding systems

Forest and Land Fire Management in Indonesia: Unveiling the Implementation Gaps of Law No. 32 of 2009 in Palembang

Forest and land fires (Karhutla) pose a significant environmental threat in Indonesia, particularly in Palembang. Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management provides a framework for fire prevention and mitigation. This study evaluated the law's implementation effectiveness in addressing Karhutla in Palembang. A socio-legal approach was employed, utilizing primary data from interviews with key informants (government officials, law enforcement, community leaders, and residents affected by fires) and secondary data from legal documents, reports, and academic literature. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to identify themes and patterns. The study revealed that Law No. 32 of 2009 has not been effectively implemented in Palembang. Weaknesses were identified in law enforcement, inter-agency coordination, resource allocation, and community engagement. While a clear legal framework and stakeholder support exist, implementation is hindered by limited resources, inadequate sanctions, and low public awareness. In conclusion, to improve Karhutla management, strengthening law enforcement, enhancing inter-agency coordination, increasing public legal awareness, and ensuring adequate resource allocation are crucial.

A fuzzy-digraph matrix-based risk mitigation framework for halal supply chain management

A fuzzy-digraph matrix-based risk mitigation framework for halal supply chain management

Smoothing-Based Aftershock Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment Using the Spatiotemporal ETAS Model

ABSTRACT Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is generally based on computing time-invariant occurrence rates of mainshocks using the Poisson process. However, aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (APSHA) allows for assessing time-varying aftershock occurrence rates within a short-term seismic hazard mitigation framework. Our proposed methodology of APSHA develops a smoothing-based analytical formulation to capture the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of aftershock sequences using the spatiotemporal epidemic-type aftershock sequence model. This approach is tested on case studies of the 2013 Bushehr, 2021 and 2022 Hormozgan seismic events, and characterizes the aftershocks’ hierarchical structure to improve the reliability of aftershock hazard assessments. Then, the results of APSHA (aftershock ground-motion hazard at specific sites) based on smoothing are compared with conventional PSHA (pre-mainshock ground-motion hazard at specific sites). This comparative analysis highlights the importance of considering aftershock effects when assessing ground-motion hazards because PSHA does not fully account for aftershock hazard increases following major earthquakes.

Mapping artificial intelligence bias: a network-based framework for analysis and mitigation

Mapping artificial intelligence bias: a network-based framework for analysis and mitigation

AI-enhanced smart grid framework for intrusion detection and mitigation in EV charging stations

AI-enhanced smart grid framework for intrusion detection and mitigation in EV charging stations

A Compact, Coherent Representation of Stellar Surface Variation in the Spectral Domain

Time-varying inhomogeneities on stellar surfaces constitute one of the largest sources of radial velocity (RV) error for planet detection and characterization. We show that stellar variations, because they manifest on coherent, rotating surfaces, give rise to changes that are complex but usably compact and coherent in the spectral domain. Methods for disentangling stellar signals in RV measurements benefit from modeling the full domain of spectral pixels. We simulate spectra of spotted stars using starry and construct a simple spectrum projection space that is sensitive to the orientation and size of stellar surface features. Regressing measured RVs in this projection space reduces RV scatter by 60%–80% while preserving planet shifts. We note that stellar surface variability signals do not manifest in spectral changes that are purely orthogonal to a Doppler shift or exclusively asymmetric in line profiles; enforcing orthogonality or focusing exclusively on asymmetric features will not make use of all the information present in the spectra. We conclude with a discussion of existing and possible implementations on real data based on the presented compact, coherent framework for stellar signal mitigation.

Earthquake hazard and risk profiling for Syrian refugees at country, city, and neighbourhood levels based on their multi-scalar location choice patterns

Earthquake hazards and risks (EHR) for Syrian refugees in Turkey were scrutinised at country, city, and neighbourhood levels in reference to multi-scaled patterns of their location choice (LC). This comprehensive investigation employed thematic analysis to review scholarly studies about the earthquake-related vulnerability and LC of Syrian refugees together with relevant national and international resources subsequent to the February 2023 earthquakes. Findings revealed that multiple LC factors contributed to the refugees’ EHR profile. The absence of national population distribution and refugee resettlement policies, an ineffective and insufficiently inclusive regulatory and mitigation framework to cope with Turkey’s earthquake risks, refugee-related data deficiencies, Syrian refugee influx into earthquake-prone cities, and substandard housing conditions and weak building codes in Syrian settlements may have significantly increased EHR for Syrian refugees in Turkey. This was further compounded by competition for scarce resources, livelihood problems, anti-refugee sentiment, and displacement following the earthquakes.

Unveiling Resilience: Navigating the Nexus of Climate Change, Disaster Mitigation, and Social Work Education in Flood-Prone Sri Lanka

This scholarly inquiry explores the intricate dynamics of climate change, disaster mitigation frameworks, and the vital role of social work education in building resilience amidst flood disasters in Sri Lanka. The study meticulously dissects inundation events, revealing dimensions that underscore community vulnerability. Through a discerning evaluation of disaster mitigation paradigms, the study identifies gaps and strengths shaping the current resilience landscape. A focal point emerges in a comprehensive investigation into the transformative potential of social work education, acting as a catalyst to amplify community resilience. This involves exploring educational frameworks, assessing practices' effectiveness, and delineating the role of social work professionals in instigating transformative change within vulnerable communities. The research design, characterized by methodological rigor, unfolds through granular analysis concentrated on flood-prone areas in Sri Lanka. This nuanced examination distills findings beyond statistics, providing a deeper understanding of socio-cultural and environmental factors influencing community resilience. Anticipated scholarly contributions aim to transcend the academic realm, informing contextually nuanced strategies. Envisioned strategies, designed to seamlessly integrate climate change awareness and social work methodologies, aspire to become integral components of overarching disaster response frameworks. The academic impact sought extends beyond theory, aiming to propel practical advancements by accentuating the imperative of interdisciplinary collaboration. The discourse on comprehensive disaster management is advanced, emphasizing symbiotic relationship between research, education, and practical interventions. Ultimately, findings from this pursuit are poised to provide actionable insights, significantly contributing to the cultivation of adaptive and resilient communities grappling with the challenges posed by the dynamic forces of climate change.

Toward a framework for risk mitigation of potential misuse of artificial intelligence in biomedical research

Toward a framework for risk mitigation of potential misuse of artificial intelligence in biomedical research

Optimized TDMA framework for channel interference mitigation in IWSN based on self-adaptive affinity propagation clustering

Optimized TDMA framework for channel interference mitigation in IWSN based on self-adaptive affinity propagation clustering

The Adaptive Human-AI Synergy in Logistics (AHASL) Theory

This paper introduces the Adaptive Human-AI Synergy in Logistics (AHASL) theory, which focuses on integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into logistics and supply chain management. The study takes a qualitative approach, using interviews, observations, and reflexive journaling, and finds that while AI significantly improves operational efficiency and decision-making, human oversight is still required to address AI's limitations, such as bias, lack of transparency, and potential skill erosion. The AHASL model prioritizes Full-Spectrum Explainability (FSE) and a Bias Mitigation Framework (BMF) to ensure that AI-driven decisions are transparent and equitable while simultaneously arguing for retaining human expertise to retain adaptability and resilience in logistical operations. The study's findings emphasize the significance of balanced human-AI collaboration. However, they also call for more research into the long-term effects, scalability, and ethical implications of AI integration in logistics.