Development Of Framework Research Articles

Addressing Intervention Fit When Developing Services for Adolescents Leaving Care - An Empirical Assessment of Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in Theoretically Defined Mediators.

A good fit between program theory and the needs of the target population is essential to the success of an intervention. Still, empirical investigation of fit is a rare activity in theoretical frameworks for intervention development. The study objective was to inform the development of relevant support for youth transitioning from out-of-home care (OHC) in Sweden in light of intervention fit. Self-efficacy, mental health, resilience, and self-determination have been identified as potentially important malleable mediators that can be targeted by independent living services (ILS). This study aimed to establish the extent to which measurement instruments used to capture these mediators measure similarly across youth that belong to a potential target population for ILS and those who do not. A cross-sectional survey design was used to compare youth with and without experience of OHC on the four study outcomes using a multi-group measurement invariance analysis and latent mean comparison. All scales demonstrated scalar invariance or partial scalar invariance. Contrary to initial hypothesis, no differences in latent means were found. Four potential interpretations of the results were discussed. Conclusion: The study identified a potential discrepancy between theoretical assumptions and empirical characteristics relevant to development of ILS for youth with experience of OHC in Sweden. Moreover, it highlighted the importance of exploring theoretical core mediators empirically in the target population in the process of intervention development and evaluation.

Analysis of the Role of Digital Economy in Hebei Province's Economic Transformation

Hebei Province, located in northern China, is a key player in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy. Despite steady economic growth, Hebei faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable, high-quality development due to its reliance on traditional heavy industries like steel, chemicals, and building materials. The digital economy offers a transformative opportunity to address these challenges by enhancing industrial transformation, promoting green production practices, and fostering technological innovation. This paper examines the current economic structure of Hebei, the progress of digital economic development, and its integration with traditional industries. It also explores the potential for digital technologies to optimize industrial efficiency, improve resource allocation, and support Hebei's transition from a resource-dependent to an innovation-driven economy. The study identifies the gaps in technological innovation and industrial capabilities and proposes strategic recommendations to strengthen Hebeis position within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development framework. Future research should focus on regional differences, workforce education, environmental impacts, and policy effects on industrial and digital innovation.

Decarbonising Maritime Transport: The Role of Green Shipping Corridors in Making Sustainable Port‐City Ecosystems

Maritime transport plays a crucial role in global trade and tourism, yet it significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, posing environmental challenges that demand urgent solutions. This article explores the innovative concept of maritime green shipping corridors, an emerging strategy aimed at decarbonising the shipping industry. By analysing the origins of green corridors from urban and transportation perspectives, the article outlines their evolution towards multimodal, zero‐emission shipping solutions. It highlights the role of international frameworks, such as the International Maritime Organization Clydebank Declaration, in facilitating the transition to green shipping routes and the proliferation of zero‐carbon fuels. The article also assesses the integration of renewable energy technologies, alternative fuels, and electrification in port operations, as well as the broader spatial and economic impacts on port‐city ecosystems. With the potential to enhance urban sustainability, promote green logistics, and drive global decarbonisation efforts, maritime green shipping corridors represent a crucial framework for future research and policy development. However, the article highlights the need for further studies to evaluate the socio‐economic and environmental impacts on local communities and regional planning.

Counselors, not cops: a narrative inquiry of youth organizing for police-free schools

This study examines the narratives of youth organizers for the police-free schools movement in Chicago. The study elevates their experiences with policing and their motivations for exercising youth agency on this critical social issue. Using narrative inquiry and a theoretical framework of Social Justice Youth Development, the results showed how Black youth leaders developed self-, social-, and global awareness through their personal and organizing experiences. Our findings also suggested that while youth demonstrated social justice leadership and worked in collaboration with progressive adult organizers, they often felt exploited in their quest to bring about more just conditions in schools and communities. This study highlights the learning and engagement practices of youth leaders advocating for more humanizing educational futures.

Impaired primitive erythropoiesis and defective vascular development in Trim71-KO embryos.

The transition of an embryo from gastrulation to organogenesis requires precisely coordinated changes in gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The RNA-binding protein Trim71 is essential for development and serves as a potent regulator of post-transcriptional gene expression. Here, we show that global deficiency of Trim71 induces severe defects in mesoderm-derived cells at the onset of organogenesis. Murine Trim71-KO embryos displayed impaired primitive erythropoiesis, yolk sac vasculature, heart function, and circulation, explaining the embryonic lethality of these mice. Tie2 Cre Trim71 conditional knockout did not induce strong defects, showing that Trim71 expression in endothelial cells and their immediate progenitors is dispensable for embryonic survival. scRNA-seq of E7.5 global Trim71-KO embryos revealed that transcriptomic changes arise already at gastrulation, showing a strong up-regulation of the mesodermal pioneer transcription factor Eomes. We identify Eomes as a direct target of Trim71-mediated mRNA repression via the NHL domain, demonstrating a functional link between these important regulatory genes. Taken together, our data suggest that Trim71-dependent control of gene expression at gastrulation establishes a framework for proper development during organogenesis.

A strategic approach to the development of sustainable rural tourism using the A’WOT–TOWS method: an example from the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) in Turkey

Abstract This article critically examines the use of land in the development of hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) and provides actionable recommendations for establishing tourism destinations. The study assesses the impacts of these facilities on regional tourism and recreational areas, identifying key factors and motivations driving the region’s utilization for tourism activities. These insights were derived from comprehensive surveys and interviews with both visitors and local residents. The study employs hybrid methodologies, including A’WOT and TOWS analyses, to develop strategies that capitalize on regional strengths, address weaknesses, exploit opportunities, and mitigate potential threats. The outcomes of these methodologies provide a framework for sustainable development by integrating adaptation and conservation strategies to minimize damage in regions impacted by HPPs. The findings underscore the importance of balancing energy production with the promotion of sustainable tourism for local economic development. This research offers valuable recommendations for Turkey and other countries undergoing similar planning processes, emphasizing the role of HPPs in fostering eco-friendly tourism destinations.

Power beacon-assisted energy harvesting symbiotic radio networks: Outage performance.

The evolution of next-generation Internet-of-Things (IoT) in recent years exhibits a unique segment that wireless communication paradigms are oriented towards not only improved spectral efficiency transmission but also energy efficiency. This paper addresses these critical issues by proposing a novel communication model, namely power beacon-assisted energy-harvesting symbiotic radio. In particular, the limited energy primary IoT source communicates with its destination by first harvesting energy from a dedicated power beacon and then performing information exchange, while the backscatter device communicates by exploiting the available radio frequency emitted by the primary IoT source. The destination uses successive interference cancellation mechanisms to decode both its received signals. To assess the performance quality of the proposed communication model, we theoretically derive the coexistence outage probability (COP) in terms of highly accurate expressions and upper-bound and lower-bound approximations. Subsequently, we carry out a series of numerical results to verify the developed theory frameworks on the one hand, and on the other hand, analyze the COP performance against the variations of system key parameters (transmit signal-to-noise ratio, the time-splitting coefficient, the energy conversion efficiency factor, the reflection coefficient, and the coexistent decoding threshold). Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed communication model can potentially work well in practices with reliable communication over 90% (COP is less than 0.1). Additionally, it also demonstrates that optimizing the reflection coefficient at the backscatter device can facilitate achieving minimal COP performance.

Intelligent Decision Support Systems: An Analysis of the Literature and a Framework for Development

Intelligent Decision Support Systems: An Analysis of the Literature and a Framework for Development

A Quantitative Maintenance Policy Development Framework for a Fleet of Self‐Service Systems

ABSTRACTSelf‐service systems, such as electric vehicle charging piles (EVCPs), are commonly deployed in fleets without on‐site personnel. To handle service failures, frequent and thorough maintenance can be conducted to ensure a high service level, but it may also result in significant maintenance costs. Apparently, balancing the service level (and consequently, the revenue) with maintenance costs is essential for operators aiming to maximize their profit. However, achieving this balance is challenging and underexplored due to the inherent and unique characteristics of self‐service systems. In this paper, we present a quantitative maintenance policy development framework to maximize the long‐term profit rate of a fleet of self‐service systems. First, we introduce a novel three‐dimensional maintenance policy that optimizes the timing and level of maintenance actions. Next, we develop a triple‐layer model to characterize the fleet's state transition, considering the fleet's behavior within demand arrival cycles, across demand arrival cycles, and across maintenance epochs. We also define important metrics and study their properties for assessing the service level and profit rate of the fleet. To facilitate policy optimization, we develop a Kriging‐based optimization algorithm capable of efficiently solving the associated mixed‐integer nonlinear optimization problem with a vast search space. Finally, we offer several managerial implications for identifying applicable scenarios for the proposed maintenance policy and assessing the impact of crucial parameters on both maintenance policy and profit. A fleet of eight EVCPs in Hong Kong is studied to illustrate how the proposed quantitative framework and these managerial implications assist the operator in enhancing their profitability.

AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in At-Risk Individuals.

Hepatitis B reactivation (HBVr) can occur due to a variety of immune-modulating exposures, including multiple drug classes and disease states. Antiviral prophylaxis can be effective in mitigating the risk of HBVr. In select cases, clinical monitoring without antiviral prophylaxis is sufficient for managing the risk of HBVr. This clinical practice guideline update aims to inform frontline health care practitioners by providing evidence-based practice recommendation for the management of HBVr in at-risk individuals. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to assess evidence and make recommendations. The panel conducted a systematic evidence review to identify new studies since publication of the first version of this clinical practice guideline in 2014. The Evidence to Decision framework was used to develop recommendations regarding the role of antiviral prophylaxis and monitoring without antiviral prophylaxis for management of HBVr. Clinical recommendations were based on the balance between desirable and undesirable effects, patient values, costs, and health equity considerations. The panel agreed on 4 recommendations. Based on evidence and baseline risk assessment, the panel made a strong recommendation in favor of antiviral prophylaxis for individuals at high risk of HBVr. For individuals at moderate risk of HBVr, a conditional recommendation was made in favor of antiviral prophylaxis. For individuals at low risk of HBVr, a conditional recommendation was made in favor of monitoring alone without antiviral prophylaxis. Monitoring should be performed at 1- to 3-month intervals, and must include assessment of hepatitis B viral load in addition to assessment of alanine aminotransferase. For individuals deemed to be at-risk of HBVr, the panel agreed on a strong recommendation in favor of testing for HBV; given universal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention screening guidance for hepatitis B for all adults 18 years and older by testing for HBV surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, and total hepatitis B core antibody, stratifying screening practices by magnitude of HBVr risk is no longer needed. This document provides updated guidance for the management of HBVr in at-risk individuals. Limitations and gaps in the evidence are highlighted. This guideline is expected to require updating in 5 years from publication.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacologic Management of Adults With Dyslipidemia.

To review the evidence and provide updated and new recommendations for the pharmacologic management of adults with dyslipidemia to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes. These recommendations are intended for use by clinicians, health care team members, patients, caregivers, and other stakeholders. This guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary task force of content experts and guideline methodologists based on systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials or cohort studies from database inception to November 7, 2023. An updated literature search was completed for any additional articles published by May 31, 2024. Clinical questions addressing nonstatin medications and patient-important outcomes were prioritized. The task force assessed the certainty of the evidence and developed recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. All recommendations were based on the consideration of the certainty of the evidence across patient-important outcomes, in addition to issues of feasibility, acceptability, equity, and patient preferences and values. This guideline update includes 13 evidence-based recommendations for the pharmacologic management of adults with dyslipidemia focused on patient-important outcomes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction. The task force issued a good practice statement to assess the risk of ASCVD events for primary prevention in adults with dyslipidemia. The task force suggested the use of alirocumab, evolocumab, or bempedoic acid for adults who have ASCVD or who are at increased risk for ASCVD in addition to standard care. The task force suggested against the use of these medications in adults without ASCVD. There was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the addition of inclisiran. For adults with hypertriglyceridemia and ASCVD or increased risk of ASCVD, the task force suggested the use of eicosapentaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid and strongly recommended against the use of niacin. There was insufficient evidence for recommendations regarding pharmacologic management in adults with severe hypertriglyceridemia (≥500mg/dL). The task force suggested a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment goal of <70mg/dL in adults with dyslipidemia and ASCVD or at increased risk of ASCVD. Pharmacotherapy is recommended in adults with dyslipidemia to reduce the risk of ASCVD events. There are several effective and safe treatment options for adults with dyslipidemia who have ASCVD or at increased risk of ASCVD who need additional lipid-lowering medications. Shared decision-making discussions are essential to determine the best option for each individual.

The Modern University’s Mission and Transformation: Addressing Challenges in a Multipolar World

In the modern higher education sphere, universities’ ability to adapt has become more vital to their success and longevity. This study investigates the influence of leadership, technological innovation, sociopolitical engagement, skill and curriculum development, institutional collaboration, and governmental regulatory frameworks on university adaptability. Quantitative research was conducted by surveying 980 participants from various institutions in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Spain, using a standardized questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze variable connections. The findings suggest that leadership (β = 0.32, p &lt; 0.001), technological innovation (β = 0.28, p &lt; 0.001), sociopolitical engagement (β = 0.19, p &lt; 0.001), and curriculum and skills development (β = 0.25, p &lt; 0.001) have a substantial positive impact on the adaptability of universities. Furthermore, the mediation analysis demonstrated that institutional collaboration partially mediated the relationship between university adaptability and both leadership (indirect effect = 0.14, p &lt; 0.01) and technological innovation (indirect effect = 0.12, p &lt; 0.01). Additionally, moderation analysis verified that the government regulation framework substantially moderated the effects of leadership (β = 0.15, p = 0.02) and technological innovation (β = 0.10, p = 0.03) on university adaptability. These findings emphasize the importance of new technologies, effective leadership, and institutional collaboration for improving university adaptability. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-022 Full Text: PDF

Trash Talk: A Review of Evolving Waste Management Paradigms

This review traces the evolution of waste management, from basic disposal to advanced integrated systems that treat waste as a resource. It emphasizes the significance of waste management in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the shift toward integrated approaches that address environmental, economic, and social dimensions. A comparative analysis of centralized and decentralized waste management systems highlights the growing significance of community-driven models, particularly in developing countries, where localized solutions can better address socio-environmental challenges. The review also examines Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) and Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) principles, focusing on their potential to reduce waste, conserve resources, and mitigate environmental degradation while creating green jobs. Challenges like technical gaps, financial constraints, and stakeholder coordination are also discussed, stressing the need for systemic reforms. The role of local self-governments, social capital, and community participation in decentralized waste management is highlighted, with emphasis on inclusivity, public health improvement, and environmental stewardship. Participatory governance, institutional support, and policy alignment are identified as key factors for scaling these systems. The review concludes by underscoring the need to incorporate sustainable waste management into broader development frameworks, positioning waste management as a cornerstone of sustainable urban and rural development

Sustainable Heritage Preservation Methodologies Adopted at Al-Baha Region in Saudi Arabia

Due to the negative impact of civilization on the local community in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the urban heritage sites of the Kingdom have been subjected to numerous demolition and extinction operations. Recently, the concept of urban preservation has evolved beyond simply restoring and improving heritage sites to encompass preserving heritage within the framework of sustainable development. This approach promotes a long-term balance between protecting the environment and achieving economic and social development. This research aims to evaluate the preservation methodologies and policies applied in three significant case studies in the city of Al-Baha in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The criteria will assess their success in recovering their positive aspects. These three local case studies provide compelling evidence that sustainable development aspects are crucial in advancing toward successful heritage preservation goals. The research employs an inductive methodology to evaluate valuable heritage preservation aspects and propose measures that can be implemented in preservation projects across various regions of Saudi Arabia. In conclusion, the research offers several recommendations that consider promising and appropriate conservation management policies that can be applied in similar projects within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS EDUCATION FRAMEWORK IN MAASIN CITY, PHILIPPINES

The study focused on the crafting of a Sports Development Framework. A Delphi multi-survey was conducted with thirty (30) sports officers from Region VIII, who were selected as study participants through purposive sampling. Specifically, significant questionnaires and interviews were conducted during the first, second, third, and fourth rounds with the same participants. Consensus was reached in the fourth round, and findings were identified: Capacity building; Sports level competition; Community Impact; Project Management; Program specialization, Funding and resources; Training Facilities; Sports officers; Athletes' Performance; and Sports Benefits. It is concluded that a comprehensive approach to sports development involves various facets such as capacity building, competition levels, community impact, project management, and training facilities. Stakeholders, especially sports officers and community engagement, play a crucial role in successful initiatives while prioritizing athlete well-being and societal impacts. Hence, it is recommended to invest in capacity building for sports personnel, establish an inclusive competition structure, actively engage communities, implement effective project management systems, create specialized programs, ensure quality training facilities, and empower sports officers.

Stream Rider: A Developer\'s Perspective on Live Streaming

This paper presents the development and analysis of a live streaming application designed to provide a seamless, lowlatency streaming experience. The project leverages modern web development frameworks and streaming technologies, including React for the frontend, Node.js for the backend, and MongoDB for efficient database management. To address challenges like scalability and latency reduction, the application integrates RTMP and HLS protocols with a robust architecture powered by cloud services and a Content Delivery Network (CDN). The system delivers real-time video streaming with interactive features such as live chat, catering to a wide range of use cases, including gaming, entertainment, educational, and professional live events. Key challenges, such as ensuring scalability, reducing latency, and maintaining security, were addressed through efficient design and risk mitigation strategies. The proposed solution demonstrates significant improvements in streaming quality, system scalability, and user experience, meeting both user expectations and industry standards. By offering insights into building scalable and reliable live streaming platforms, this project contributes to the growing demand for high-quality real-time communication solutions. Preliminary performance results further validate the application’s ability to deliver low-latency, high-quality streaming while ensuring optimal resource utilization.

New Beginnings: Exploring Agricultural Communications Curriculum Development in Ontario

While agricultural communications programs are staples in American higher education, no comparable program exists in any Canadian institution. As North American nations, Canadian and American agriculture face similar challenges such as increasingly skeptical public opinion and decreasing agricultural literacy. This study focuses on the flagship agricultural institution in Canada as a potential base for a new agricultural communications program and highlights the opinions of two key stakeholders, agricultural students at the institution, and agricultural industry professionals in Ontario. Following a curriculum development framework by Wolf (2007), stakeholders detailed suggested program formatting, ideal core curriculum content, traits of the ideal graduate, and desired opportunities and experiences provided by such a program. Results found that stakeholders upheld the program teaching a variety of communication skills, social skills, and providing networking and co-op opportunities. Participants upheld the value of the program, noting that a major and particularly a minor option are ideal to introduce the program to as many students as possible, even those outside of agriculture. This study serves as an important step for future Canadian or North American curriculum development initiatives and seeks to fill the literature gap for agricultural communications curriculum development outside of the United States.

Recognizing and addressing burnout among healthcare workers in rural Nepal: a proof-of-concept study using Kern’s six-step theoretical framework

IntroductionHealthcare provider burnout is highly prevalent and has negative consequences. However, many healthcare workers in LMICs, including Nepal, rarely recognize or ameliorate it. This problem is worse in rural settings. Competency-focused interventions that are developed using theoretical frameworks can address this gap.MethodsWe used Kern’s framework of curriculum development to create, refine, and assess a theory-driven intervention tailored to the needs and constraints of rural healthcare workers in Nepal. During the first phase, we conducted a targeted needs assessment using an online survey among nine rural primary care physicians working in Charikot Hospital. We then developed learning objectives for knowledge, attitude, and skills domains based on the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of burnout. Then, we created animated educational videos designed to meet the learning objectives. We then implemented the educational intervention with rural physicians and assessed their knowledge, attitudes, and feedback. During the second phase, we further developed the intervention based on findings from the first phase and assessed acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary impact using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires and key informant interviews.ResultsIn the first phase, nine physicians participated in the targeted needs assessment, and eight responded to the post-intervention assessment. In the second phase, 18 attendees completed the pre-intervention burnout assessment, and 16 completed both the pre-test and post-test questionnaires. On the pre-test, correct answers across questions ranged from 31–88%, while on the post-test, participants responded correctly 88–100% of the time. Related-samples Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.007) in the post-test scores on the knowledge domain. Qualitative results showed burnout as an unrecognized and unreported issue, and its drivers included stigma and feelings of helplessness. Participants praised the interventions and reported that they translated learned skills into practice.ConclusionIn this proof-of-concept study, we found that educational interventions developed using a theory-driven framework to meet the unique needs of rural healthcare workers are acceptable and feasible. Future studies can test the intervention impact in well-powered trials to support scale-up efforts to identify and address burnout.

NIFTy: near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging to prevent postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) after thyroid surgery—a phase II/III pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial protocol in patients undergoing a total or completion thyroidectomy

IntroductionPostsurgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) is an iatrogenic condition that occurs as a complication of several different procedures with thyroid surgery being the most common. PoSH has significant short- and long-term morbidities....

Maximizing resource valorization: mono- and co-digestion of food and agricultural wastes with insights into microbial community dynamics

Abstract The valorization of food processing waste is critical for sustainable development and circular economy frameworks. Although Turkish delight waste (D), a high-volume byproduct of the confectionery industry in Turkey, holds significant potential for valorization within the circular economy framework, this potential remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated the valorization potential of Turkish delight waste in anaerobic digester systems by co-digesting it with sunflower heads (S) and tea stalks (T), common agricultural wastes in Turkey, in addition to mono-digestion. Economic evaluations were also conducted on the products obtained at different stages of anaerobic digestion (AD). The highest methane yield of 388 mL CH4/g VS was obtained from Turkish delight waste in mono-digestion, and this substrate enhanced methane production when co-digested with the other substrates. However, co-digestion in the DST digester combining all three substrates yielded 234 mL CH4/g VS, indicating a limited synergistic effect. Metagenomic analyses revealed substrate-dependent variations in microbial community dynamics, particularly in digesters containing only Turkish delight waste. Acidogenic fermentation aimed at increasing VFA yield resulted in total acetic acid productions of 2828, 1707, and 1261 mg/L for D, DS, and DST, respectively. Economic assessments demonstrated that the value derived from VFA production was nearly double that obtained from methane production, even in cases where co-digestion resulted in lower overall yields. Thus, Turkish delight waste emerges as a promising candidate for both mono- and co-digestion in AD systems, offering a potentially more economically viable alternative to methane production through the generation of value-added chemicals such as VFAs. Graphical Abstract