Urban Planning Framework Research Articles

Adaptación metodológica en el diseño y desarrollo urbano de bajo impacto para el manejo de aguas pluviales en Colima, México

Contexto: Hoy en día, las ciudades requieren la implementación de nuevas experiencias de transformación urbana, debido a que la urbanización es responsable del 70 % de emisiones globales de CO2. El reto que confronta en materia urbana es hacer frente al CCG a nivel ciudad, mediante infraestructura multifuncional.
 Método: El presente estudio se llevó a cabo bajo la perspectiva del diseño y desarrollo urbano de bajo impacto (LIUDD, por su sigla en inglés) contextualizando el marco francés de planeación urbana, en el cual, el manejo de agua es prioritario. La ciudad de Colima presenta un crecimiento horizontal desordenado y, en consecuencia, la extensión de áreas impermeables ha provocado escorrentías, inundaciones y congestionamiento vial.
 Resultados: La zona norte-poniente presenta un área de oportunidad para tratar dichas problemáticas, como se analizó en esta investigación. La zona de estudio presenta un alto nivel de ocupación del suelo (COS=0,76-1,00) obteniendo un coeficiente de escorrentía CE=0,96. Además, presenta una baja densidad poblacional (51-100 hab/ha), con un 92 % de motorización. La vialidad ocupa el 91 % de la superficie de espacio público, por lo que representa un área de oportunidad para la infraestructura multifuncional. Se propone que mediante técnicas de drenaje urbano sostenible implementadas en vialidades principales, se reduzca el CE a 0,90, y el volumen de inundaciones en un 203 %, priorizando los modos activos de transporte.
 Conclusiones: Desarrollar e implementar una gestión integral del agua, sustentada en un cuadro reglamentario que priorice el LIUDD, puede paliar el estrés hídrico en esta y otras ciudades con problemáticas comunes, mediante la creación de una coordinación integrada por representantes de diversos sectores. Lo anterior, con el objetivo de poder gestionar el espacio público, y de impulsar proyectos multifuncionales para manejo de aguas pluviales, movilidad y desarrollo urbano que puedan ser útiles en la aplicación de nuevas maneras de planificar nuestras ciudades y mitigar los riesgos climáticos.

Detailed plan of the territory - perspective territorial and city-building development of the city of Chernivtsi

The article discusses the results of the analysis of modern practice of developing urban planning documentation on the example of the city of Chernivtsi. The problems are formulated that arise in the development of detailed plans of the territory in connection with the imperfection of the current regulatory framework of urban planning. Urban planning documentation is analyzed - a zoning plan for the territory of the city of Chernivtsi which is developed as part of the general plan of the city.Urban planning regulations are considered which are common for each zone and are formed as integral indicators of the regulatory system for individual factors. The system of regulations is formed by a functional (basic) regulation, which covers the entire territory of the city and local regulations of restrictions within the zones of action of the relevant factors.The general principles of city zoning are described:- the principles of dividing the territory of the city into zones with prevailing and permissible types of development and other uses of the territory (basic zoning). Defining the boundaries of zones;- principles for establishing uniform urban conditions and building restrictions, other uses of land;- the order of development and other use of land in accordance with urban planning regulations;- the order of development and other use of land that received the status of inappropriate use;- ensuring state, public and private interests, openness and accessibility of the zoning plan;- the procedure for amending and clarifying the zoning plan and the procedure for developing a detailed territory plan in the presence of an approved zoning.Analyzed have already been approved and those that are at the stage of development and approval of the project for a detailed planning of the territory of the city of Chernivtsi, the following trends and possible problems are identified when implementing projects of detailed plans of territories:1. Imperfection of the legislative framework for the development of detailed territorial plans.2. The lack of an updated master plan of the city of Chernivtsi.3. Obsolescence of the current regulatory framework for design4. The powers of the public.The procedure for urban planning competitions - the development of detailed plans of the territories is described.

Sustainability of urban regeneration in Turkey: Assessing the performance of the North Ankara Urban Regeneration Project

The increasing environmental footprints of cities necessitated the integration sustainability principles into urban planning and development frameworks. The growing attention on urban sustainability also influenced the policy and the practice of urban regeneration. The quest for new methods for regenerating existing urban quarters in sustainable manners resulted in the concept of sustainable urban regeneration. The concept aims to develop urban regeneration projects in line with the three key pillars of sustainable development.Since the turn of the new millennium, urban regeneration initiatives in Turkish cities have gained a new momentum, mainly due to the increasing interest by public and private sectors. As expected, squatters constituted one of the main focuses of the recent initiatives for urban regeneration. Nevertheless, the Turkish experience of urban regeneration differs from the international experiences in terms of the motivation behind and the scope of the projects. Despite the growing link between sustainability and urban regeneration in international practices, sustainability has not yet been a major motivation for urban regeneration practices in Turkey.This research assesses the sustainability performance of one of the most prominent examples of squatter regeneration in Turkey, namely the North Ankara Urban Regeneration Project (NAURP). The project has been evaluated by means of an indicator-based methodology. The research indicates that the project's contribution to urban sustainability has been minimal and thus, further efforts are required to improve the sustainability performance of urban regeneration projects in Turkey. In the light of this finding, policy implications have been made to push sustainable urban regeneration agenda in Turkey.

Roles of Urban Planning to Prevent Climate Change Disasters in Vietnam

Vietnam, one of the countries at the greatest risk of being damaged and affected by climate change, attempts to make an active response to climate change and sets sustainable development as a national vision. However, Vietnam lacks systematic support of technology for disaster prevention within urban planning framework, although the vulnerability of natural disasters has been increasing due to rapid urbanization along with economic growth. Korea’s experience in handling rapid urban growth would provide some insights to Vietnam on establishing measures to cope with climate change disasters. Thus, this paper analyzed the applicability of the Korean urban planning system for disaster prevention to Vietnam and derived some implications. Through the analysis of the characteristics of climate change disasters in Vietnam and the current status and limitations of the Vietnam’s urban planning and policies for the prevention of climate change disasters, policy, technical and economic measures and implications were provided for the introduction of disaster-preventive urban planning in Vietnam.

Women and strategic urban planning in Tehran: channeling women’s social capacity to prepare city development strategies

City development strategy (CDS) is an urban strategic planning approach that has already been implemented in over 200 cities worldwide. Nevertheless, its preparation process is different from country to country and each socio-economic context has its own conditions in running a CDS project. This article aims at showing how planners could benefit from empowering women and their participation in order to mobilize an urban plan and use their social capacities to raise the community’s awareness about the outcomes of a CDS plan with regard to creating more participatory urban spaces. A qualitative methodology including a questionnaire and focus group tools were used to identify the needs, to prepare vision statements, and to train the women. The results attested to the crucial but concealed role of women, as cores of families, in the progression of the project as well as the importance of their cooperation in incepting and implementing an urban development plan. This paper highlights: (1) Iranian women’s capacities to mobilize urban projects, and (2) the purpose that a CDS process, as is presented in this article, might serve as a proper urban strategic planning framework for Iran’s urban development while engaging women and local groups in such a process and reducing the masculine dominance in physical urban planning.

Environmental area conservation through urban planning: case study in Dhaka

Purpose There are some environmentally critical areas (ECAs) in cities such as flood flow areas, agricultural land, canals, rivers, water bodies, forests and hills that need to be conserved from land transformation. The purpose of this paper is to review the compliance, challenges and significance of urban planning, and to develop a contextual framework of urban planning for environmental area conservation to improve the urban environment in case study city Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on a qualitative thematic analysis of the available relevant literature. Findings This research identified non-compliance of the contemporary urban plans such as indiscriminate land conversion activities in the ECAs. Conflicting interests between the urban plans concerning protection of the conservation areas and business interests of the community people and the real estate development companies are identified as the major challenges. Dhaka faces several environmental problems such as loss of biodiversity and ecosystem, waterlogging, flooding, pollution, reduction of vegetation, groundwater depletion, temperature increase and a reduction in agriculture and fishing because of land conversion in the ECAs. Practical implications Urban planning with effective conservation area management, conflict resolution through communication and participation, creation of economic opportunity to generate income from the ECAs and assessment of the conservation strategies and interventions might ensure environmental conservation in Dhaka. Originality/value The conceptual framework of urban planning for environmental conservation is innovative as this could be a basis for other cities in Bangladesh and in other developing countries.

Detection of Seasonal Inundations by Satellite Data at Shkoder Urban Area, North Albania for Sustainable Management

The European Space Agency satellites Sentinel-1 radar and Sentinel-2 optical data are widely used in water surface mapping and management. In this work, we exploit the potentials of both radar and optical images for satellite-based quick detection and extent mapping of inundations/water raising events over Shkodër area, which occurred in the two last years (2017–2018). For instance, in March 2018 the Shkodër district (North Albania) was affected twice by the overflow of the Drin and Buna (Bojana) Rivers and by the Shkodër lake plain inundation. Sentinel-1 radar data allowed a rapid mapping of seasonal fluctuations and provided flood extent maps by discriminating water surfaces (permanent water and flood areas) from land/non-flood areas over all the informal zones of Shkodër city. By means of Sentinel-2 data, two color composites maps were produced and the Normalized Difference Water Index was estimated, in order to further distinguish water/moisturized soil surfaces from built-up and vegetated areas. The obtained remote sensing-based maps were combined and discussed with the urban planning framework in order to support a sustainable urban and environmental management. The provided multi-temporal analysis could be easily exploited by the local authorities for flood prevention and management purposes in the inherited territorial context. The proposed approach outputs were validated by comparing them with official Copernicus EMS (Emergency Management Service) maps available for one of the chosen events. The comparison shows good accordance results. As for a further enhancement in the future perspective, it is worth to highlight that a more accurate result could be obtained by performing a post-processing edit to further refine the flooded areas, such as water mask application and supervised classification to filter out isolated flood elements, to remove possible water-lookalikes and weed out false positives.

Strengthening the city\u2019s reputation in the age of cities: an insight in the city branding theory

City brand is a valuable asset that improves the competitive advantage of the city in the globalisation era. Relying on uniqueness and utilising various methods, cities endeavour to promote their reputation and sustainability level by attracting the capital and human resources. In the intense competition between the global cities, recognition of the factors that enhance the city’s reputation will improve urban planning and management framework. This study explores how the city could obtain the reputation that it deserves through a more in-depth study of the city branding phenomenon. For this purpose, some of the city branding practices criticised using the empirical analysis method. The finding highlights that although city branding with its complex nature is an effective tool for promoting the city’s reputation, residents and their priorities have an insufficient concentration in many city branding practices.

Interpreting Patterns of Interaction between Civic Activism and Government Agency in Civic Crowdfunding Campaigns

© 2019 Ingenta. Addressing the under-researched interplay between civic activism and government agencies, this paper focuses on the conditions for broad local support for civic crowdfunding projects and the interaction between proponents of such projects, their associated stakeholders, and traditional urban planning frameworks. Building on Carolina Pacchi's work on the relationships between community and state in examples of local activism in European cities, the paper applies four types of relationship between community and state: state regulation and community implementation; cooperation; community autonomy; and community opposition. These are used to unpack the different phases of civic crowdfunding projects and to show how relationships with the state evolve throughout the lifecycle of a project. Drawing upon qualitative research carried out in London and Milan between 2015 and 2017, we examine the case of the Peckham Coal Line in south London, a proposed urban elevated park along a disused coal line. Chosen for its long-term ambitions, its substantial local support and financial backing through mayoral match-funding, the case is used to examine the dynamic interaction between the digitally enabled activism of civic crowdfunding and local government agencies. Our study of the development of the Peckham Coal Line project gives insight into the shifting nature of the relationship between civic actors and the state, showing that while the 'autonomous' development of local projects is an important aspect of civic crowdfunding projects, the state does not disappear. Further, online and offline activities are only one step in the redefinition of contemporary forms of citizenship and the claim that civic crowdfunding can deliver extended citizen participation should be more closely scrutinized.

Regionalism and Resilience? Meeting Urban Challenges in Pacific Island States

ABSTRACTUrbanisation in PICs is rapid. Urban planning and management capacity are limited. Economic and environmental pressures are mounting and eroding urban resilience and livelihoods. Because urban planning and regulatory frameworks are weak, national politics and elite interests strongly influence urban development, and inequities in cities are growing. No regional organisation has responsibility for urban issues, urban resilience frameworks are poorly defined, so fragmented and ineffective urban strategies persist, while national policies and practices are resolutely anti-urban. Concerted regional action could enable sharing of knowledge and successful strategies, coordinate urban action to build resilience, and enable a more proactive political and policy agendas for more sustainable and resilient cities.

The Push for City Status by Municipal Councils in Uganda: A Dilema for Urban Planning. The Case of Mbarara Municipal Council

Urbanization is a process through which a proportion of a country’s population lives in urban areas increases (World Resource, 1996:96). In Uganda for instance a settlement with 1000 and above people is classified as urban (UBOS, 2005). The urban centres in Uganda are further ranked and gazetted as Cities, Municipalities, Town councils and Town Boards under the Local Government Act Cap. 243. The current ranking gives 1 City; 13 Municipalities; 98 Town Councils, and 207 Town Boards (LGA. Cap 243). The Minister of Local Government using the powers granted under the Local Government Act Cap.243 defines the ranking using the following criteria: population of 500,000 people for a City; 100,000 people for the Municipality; and 25,000 people for a Town Council. That of the Town Board is 1000 persons and above. In addition each of the categories must have a Master / Physical Development Plan; own offices; have available water source; and be able to meet the cost of providing services. Using the same Act, a location identified as District headquarters automatically becomes a Town Council. Each urban centre strives to acquire status of higher administrative level and in this respect the current Municipalities are on the fore front of pushing for City status. Elevation to higher status is supported by the Central Government. Similarly, under ‘Vision 2040’Uganda Government seeks to eliminate regional imbalance through establishment of regional cities instead of the current mono-city development dominated by Kampala City (Uganda Vision 2040). Since the Municipalities are spatially small they have to raise the required population threshold of 500,000 people and consequently have been applying the strategy of extending their current administrative boundaries to the surrounding rural areas. The annexed rural areas are brought within the urban planning framework so as to guide the current and future development. Annexation adds to the challenges the current Municipalities face that include : inadequate urban planning operations; lack of planning personnel, planning data, information and drawing tools; lack of transport for movement and surveillance; poor enforcement mechanism; lack of sensitization; budgetary constraints; community perception land tenure system and compensation. These highlighted issues pose a dilemma to urban planning in the old and annexed areas. This is a pertaining situation with the old and annexed areas of Mbarara Municipality that is the subject focus of this paper. DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-5-07 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

Automation-ready framework for urban transport and road infrastructure planning

Abstract “Automation-ready” is currently defined in the H2020 CoEXist project as the capability to conduct transport and infrastructure planning with the incorporation of connected and automated vehicles (CAV) in the same comprehensive manner as for existing modes in future plans, where they complement and coexist with conventional vehicles, public transport, pedestrians and cyclists, to achieve and support higher sustainable mobility goals. This definition will be fine-tuned through stakeholder engagement processes. The H2020 CoEXist project started in May 2017 and will run until April 2020. This paper introduces this project and covers its progress until January 2018, with a focus on the methodology of the “Automation-ready framework” that provides a planning framework for urban road authorities to prepare for the introduction of CAVs on the road network. The two Stuttgart use cases (among the eight use cases in CoEXist) are also elaborated in this paper. The framework includes elements about strategic urban mobility planning for CAVs and a clear guide for urban transport planners with a list of concrete actions that cities can do now to plan for CAVs on their road network.

Planificación comprehensiva en Estados Unidos: evolución en el caso de Arizona y del condado de Pima

Este artículo presenta la planificación comprehensiva territorial en Estados Unidos y profundiza sobre el impacto de las teorías del crecimiento inteligente en el caso de Arizona. El análisis de los planes comprehensivos del condado de Pima, con el apoyo de entrevistas, permite comparar experiencias de planificación territorial. Las conclusiones destacan avances de esta experiencia paralela a la ordenación del territorio española y europea donde, tras los conflictos y problemas detectados, se aboga por una planificación menos tecnocrática y más participada.

A four‐part framework for geodesign software creation and research

AbstractGeodesign is an urban planning framework which combines the traditionally separated tasks of landscape planning, site planning, and geographic analysis through automated software flows. Through the amalgamation of these elements, a user gains a fuller picture of the environment they are planning for and becomes better equipped to explain planning decisions. As planning processes become increasingly complex, geodesign software becomes necessary to successfully facilitate planning. Using the software product Engineer Site Identification for the Technical Environment (ENSITE) as an example, this article provides a framework for successful geodesign products made up of four aspects: rapid development; flexible software architecture; global data; team of subject matter experts.

Social-Ecological-Technical systems in urban planning for a circular economy: an opportunity for horizontal integration

ABSTRACTThe Circular Economy (CE) is receiving interest worldwide as a way to overcome the currently dominating linear and wasteful production and consumption models of our society. Currently the implementation of CE thinking into practice is still in an early stage. As the main hubs of consumption and to a more limited extent also, production, metropolitan areas often are seen as crucial to achieving a successful transition towards a CE, and therefore it is necessary to find ways to integrate a CE based approach into urban planning practice. In this paper literature dealing with the concept of the CE is reviewed within an urban planning framework to examine how well integrated it is in the built environment, both vertically and horizontally, in ideas prevalent in CE literature.The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of how the concept of CE can be integrated into urban planning practice with a view to enabling urban planners to integrate CE into their work to further accelerate the implementation of CE in metropolitan areas. In this paper a framework is presented for understanding opportunities for the integration of CE into urban planning.

The Usage and Perception of Pedestrian and Cycling Streets on Residents’ Well-being in Kalamaria, Greece

Pedestrian zones are public spaces intended for the continued and safe mobility of pedestrians and people with disabilities, and they provide multiple benefits to urban areas. They counterbalance the densely built-up areas, decrease atmospheric pollution, increase available green or social space, increase walking and cycling rates, and facilitate active play for children. Done properly, pedestrianization may also increase local business sales. Greece boasts open public spaces and the pedestrianization of common roads. The economic crisis that Greece has been experiencing since 2008 has led people to give up their vehicles and use the pedestrian streets more frequently. The purpose of this paper was to investigate residents’ perceptions and satisfaction rates concerning the pedestrian streets of Kalamaria, Greece, and evaluate their importance for residents’ well-being. Following a random sampling method, 400 residents were interviewed. A two-step cluster analysis was conducted. The survey showed that the urban residents visited pedestrian zones in Kalamaria at least once a week, and the visits lasted 46–60 min. The improvement of urban landscape aesthetics and people’s health and well-being were evaluated as important functions of pedestrian zones. The results also indicate that residents were not satisfied with their quality of life and the existing green infrastructures of the pedestrian streets, even though they have a positive disposition toward the construction or transformation of pedestrian streets. The residents expressed their unwillingness to pay more public taxes for the construction and maintenance of pedestrian and cycling streets. The safety and convenience of the mobility of residents were the most important advantages of the pedestrian streets. Meanwhile, overspill parking and difficulties with finding parking spaces were the main disadvantages for the residents. Local authorities can use the results of the present survey to manage the city’s green infrastructure and use this information in the urban planning framework.

Urban land contestations, challenges and planning strategies in Malawi’s main urban centres

The paper commences with a brief reflection on some examples of urban strategies and challenges encountered by the state authorities in their effort to impose the abstract space of modernity as envisioned in urban master plans. The focus then shifts to urban challenges faced by authorities in Malawian urban centres, and concludes with the strategies adopted to deal with these challenges. The research relied on primary sources of data and interviews conducted with 19 key informants working in the planning environment in Malawi. These multiple sets of information were subjected to multiple analysis techniques by using Atlas.ti (qualitative data analysis software) to analyse the key informant responses and data from electronic and print media. The analysis focuses on the institution of urban planning as a state mechanism in the production of urban space in Malawi. Challenges in this regard range from the institutional and administrative framework of urban planning, legal challenges and contradictions, land rights and inherent spatial planning contradictions to political factors vis-à-vis democracy and economic factors. The study observes that the nature of conceived space and how the very apparatus that it uses to impose abstract space turns against itself when dealing with institutional challenges and incapacities. The foregoing challenges suggest that urban planning in Malawi faces a set of constraints in pursuance of its modernist ambitions of creating a planned city.

A Study on Development of Environmentally Friendly Urban Air Environment in Response to Residential Environment Crisis- Focusing on Cheongju and Daejeon City -

본 연구는 친환경적 도시대기환경을 위한 도시계획 제안연구로서 유사한 지형을 띄고, 지리적으로도 인접하지만 대기환경은 차이가 있는 대전시와 청주시의 지형요인, 도시특성요인, 대기요인을 토대로 비교분석해 보았다. 2016년 기준 미세먼지농도 상위 10일간 공기의 흐름을 비교분석한 결과청주시는 대전시보다 미세먼지농도 상위 10일간 대기의 흐름이 정체되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는분지형 도시중심에 공업단지가 위치해있어, 외부의 미세먼지와 도심의 미세먼지가 지형적 영향으로대기가 순환하지 못하고 정체되어, 대기의 오염도가 더 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서친환경적 도시대기환경 개발을 위한 공기 흐름 유도에 대한 대안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 찬 공기 생성지역으로서 도시외곽의 자연지역, 도시 내의 대규모 녹지대 그리고 충분한 면적을 가진 수공간 지역을 조성하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째 찬 공기를 축적할 수 있는 지역이 필요하다. 셋째, 공기의 흐름이가능한 통로지역이 필요하다.This research conducted a comparative analysis of Daejeon and Cheongju City which are geographically adjacent and have similar topography but different air environment in order to suggest an urban planning framework for environmentally-friendly urban air environment. It is found that the Cheongju City has a higher level of air pollution than Daejeon since the industrial complex is located in the downtown basin and thus high fine dust concentration is not circulated well. The suggested alternatives for inducing air flow for environmentally- friendly urban air environment are as follows. First, it is necessary to construct natural areas in urban outskirts, large green zones inside the city, and sufficient pond area as they are creating cold air. Second, there is a need of areas to accumulate cold air. Third, it would need a passage area allowing air flow.

Planning for creative effects: the Museum of Old and New Art

ABSTRACTMuch has been made of the social and economic benefits of incorporating arts and culture into urban planning frameworks. Here, we report on the impact on the local community of the Museum of Old and New Art (Mona). Mona is located within the municipality of Glenorchy, adjacent to the island state of Tasmania's capital city Hobart. It's opening in 2011 and subsequent social and economic effects were, by and large, unplanned. Unlike the Bilbao Guggenheim, Mona was not positioned within a broader strategy of regional renewal but was brainchild of its multi-millionaire founder and owner. Its impacts are significant, though unevenly distributed between places and different sections of the community. It is the City of Hobart that appears to be reaping most of the benefits, with Glenorchy – the 8th most disadvantaged municipality in Tasmania – experiencing little renewal. In this paper, we present findings of two surveys conducted with Glenorchy residents and discuss these in relation aspirations for creative effect. We emphasise that while Glenorchy appears to be missing out on the ‘Mona Effect’, there are signs of change that support the need for strategic planning interventions for a more even distribution of Mona's success.

Urban sustainability in Caribbean Small Island Developing States: a conceptual framework for urban planning using a case study of Trinidad

Urban planners in the Caribbean have long advocated for a resolution of conflicts between built development and the environment. They have grappled with challenges of small geographic size, an increasingly urbanised landscape and the need to facilitate urban centres as engines of economic development and as the loci of prosperity. This article investigates the urban planning community’s perspective with respect to the drivers of unsustainable urbanisation and provides a conceptual framework for urban planning to attain urban sustainability in a small island developing state context. Trinidad is used as a case study. The research found that urbanisation has been inadequately regulated despite a plethora of legislation, urban plans and policies, and that the political will to achieve urban sustainability is lacking. This has resulted in ecosystem damage, economic losses and the undermining of human well-being. The article concludes that urban planning needs a conceptual framework to move centre stage and a ...