Framework Of National Culture Research Articles

A Literature Review on the Relationship Between Hofstede’s National Culture Framework and Occupational Safety

According to data released by ILO, 340 million occupational accidents leading to economic losses, injuries, and deaths occur annually. In the literature, national culture, whose importance gradually increases with the working environment increasingly multicultural, was indicated as one of the factors that affect occupational safety. In this study, 20 articles examining the relationship between national culture and occupational safety over Hofstede's national culture dimensions were identified. These studies were reviewed in terms of the safety factor they examined, the method used, the sector and the results obtained. In addition, the studies were discussed in detail in terms of the effect of national culture on occupational safety. Accordingly, safety performance and safety attitudes were the most studied safety dimensions, questionnaires were the most used method and construction, aviation, oil and gas, and shipping sectors were the most examined sectors. Most of the studies were identified to be in favour of the negative effect of IDV on occupational safety, the negative effect or ineffectiveness of MAS, and the positive effect of UAI and LTO. However, there was a total disagreement about the impact of PDI. This study is expected to provide a better understanding of the national culture and occupational safety relationships, thereby guiding decision-makers in policy development and regulation related to occupational safety.

Public science and environmental sustainability: a national culture framework for innovation ecosystems en route to net zero

Despite the proliferation of national environmental science worldwide, the erosion of environmental sustainability presents a problem for advanced economies with a substantial volume of scientific output. The worsening state of the natural environment presents a profound conundrum at the intersection of science and sustainability, characterised by conflicting pathways for the world’s nations. In this study, I confront this predicament by examining whether the influence of national culture moderates the transition of domestic scientific research into tangible CO2 emissions reduction. Drawing on a dataset spanning 30 nations renowned for their high scientific productivity over a 24-year period, I use a panel data model that incorporates lag time to analyse the nuanced impact of national cultures on sustainability. My findings reveal distinctive outcomes: those cultures characterised by high Power Distance (e.g., Eastern European) contribute to increased CO2 emissions via an industrial innovation pathway that prioritises economic growth, while those with high Individualism and high Uncertainty Avoidance (e.g., Western European) facilitate a reduction in CO2 emissions through the translation of scientific knowledge into public science that stimulates a societal innovation pathway and sustainability. In addition to these moderating effects, my investigation exposes that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita exerts a direct positive influence on CO2 emissions, while an increase of GDP allocated to military expenditure (e.g., USA, China, Israel, South Korea) has detrimental effects on CO2 emissions, potentially hampering Net Zero aspirations. These findings hold significant implications for both theory and policymaking in the environmental arena.

Examining Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions in Iranian and Chinese Context: A Mixed Methods Approach

This study investigated key cultural value dimensions in samples of undergraduate business students from Iran (n = 40) and China (n = 40). Hofstede’s national culture framework spans Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Masculinity/Femininity. A survey measured and compared cultural dimension scores between countries. Classroom observations also qualitatively assessed how societal norms shape teaching and learning. Results showed that Iranians accepted greater power inequality, showed more discomfort with unstructured situations, and were more individualist than the strongly collectivist Chinese sample. Both countries were distinctly masculine. Observation data reflected high Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance in Iranian classrooms, with professors tightly controlling discourse and censoring student opinions. Chinese classrooms demonstrated more collaboration and student debate. Findings update Hofstede’s country rankings with generational data. Insights can inform educational reforms catering teaching practices to cultural orientations while developing needed competencies. Limitations include sample size and generalizability. Further cross-cultural research should track evolving youth attitudes, translate macro-culture into micro-domains like academia, and leverage understanding to optimize learning systems. This mixed methodology comparing Iranian and Chinese university students on cultural dimensions and academic manifestations makes a novel contribution. Practical implications span cross-cultural understanding, organizational leadership, policy, and culture-specific social initiatives.

Representativeness of foreign lesya studies content in the electronic information space

Introduction. Modern scientific understanding and interpretation of Lesya Ukrainka's works, and their popularization using journalistic broadcasting, is a powerful resource that forms the intellectual, moral, and aesthetic framework of national culture. Relevance of the study. Social media and electronic information resources provide access to diaspora documents and help to reconsider the role and significance of Lesya Ukrainka's creative heritage in the history of Ukrainian culture and formation of a civil society. The purpose of the study is to identify the representation of foreign Lesya studies content in the electronic information space. Methodology. The research methodology consists of analysis, synthesis, grouping, synchronous section, statistical, and logical generalizations, which made it possible to establish the representativeness and topics of publications about Lesya Ukrainka in the electronic information space. To form the analytical base of the research and statistical generalizations, online bibliographic resources, YouTube resources and Internet publications were used. Results. By the documentary and factual base of the electronic information space regarding the achievements of diaspora Lesya studies for 1940-2020, a set of publications belonging to different types was identified: works of poets, scientific works, memoirs, journalistic reports. The localization of centers of publishing activity in Lesya studies abroad was established. Scientific, public, and educational centers that contributed to the publication of Lesya Ukrainka's works and works about her in the context of preserving and popularizing the national memory of the Ukrainian community in the diaspora was identified. Conclusions. The globality of the electronic information space contributes to the breaking down of territorial barriers, the development of the national scientific and cultural information space, and expands the boundaries of awareness of the unity of the Ukrainian national space. The popularization of Lesya Ukrainka's creative heritage in social media contributes to the preservation of national identity based on the examples of highly intellectual literature, culture, science, and the formation of a pro-European, humanistic society.

Promoting sustainable development in the construction industry: The impact of contractors' cultural preferences on green construction performance

Understanding the impact of contractors' cultural preferences on green construction performance (GCP) can contribute to sustainable development in the construction industry. However, existing research relies primarily on Hofstede's framework of national culture, which treats culture as a collection of independent dimensions, thereby ignoring the complex notion of cultural profiles, which refer to distinct patterns of interrelated dimensions that cannot be considered in isolation but only in combination. Thus, based on Hofstede's cultural theory, this study adopts a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) approach to fill this gap by exploring how multiple dimensions of culture interact and combine to influence green construction performance. A relationship framework between contractors' cultural preferences and GCP could be developed based on the results. Findings go beyond the existing theoretical and empirical evidence on the relationship between unique cultural preferences and GCP, which enriches the theoretical system of sustainability research in the construction industry and assists contractors in changing their attitudes and behaviors to improve GCP.

Footprints without feet: theatre as recourse to collective memory in Kashmir

ABSTRACT This paper examines the work of Kashmiri theatre-maker Arshad Mushtaq in the context of the political turmoil in Kashmir. It argues that Mushtaq's theatre practice challenges India's attempt to assimilate Kashmir into its national cultural framework. Focusing on three of Mushtaq's plays rooted in collective memory, the paper examines how his work resists cultural appropriation and disrupts the notion of normalcy imposed by the state. It discusses how Mushtaq's work dislodges state-approved cultural conditions, using a unique blend of politics and aesthetics to create a powerful voice of protest.

National culture and entrepreneurial orientation in an emerging economy: the moderating role of informal enterprises’ survival intent

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between culture and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in informal enterprises and the moderating role of their survival intent.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used Hofstede's national culture framework and theory of EO to develop a novel conceptual framework. The data were collected using a survey from a sample of 385 informal enterprises and analyzed using partial least square structural equation modelling.FindingsThe findings of this paper confirmed that power distance, uncertainty avoidance and normative orientation negatively affect EO in contrast with the positive effect of individualism and masculinity. Although power distance and uncertainty avoidance negatively affect an EO, the findings showed that survival intent weakens the negative nexus between these variables and strengthens the positive effect of individualism and masculinity on EO.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study examined how survival intent moderates the nexus between national culture and EO across informal enterprises in emerging economies, the data were collected in Nigeria only. This study also examined EO in aggregate and considered only one sector.Practical implicationsThis study recommends that policymakers and practitioners understand the important links between firms' characteristics, culture and EO while designing training programs, policies and procedures. Doing so will support the successful implementation of entrepreneurship programs, address the prevailing entrepreneurial needs and cultural deficits across enterprises and promote the efficient allocation of resources.Originality/valueThis paper extends Hofstede's framework of national culture and EO in the context of informal enterprises in emerging economies by examining the nexus between national culture and EO, moderated by survival intent.

Deciphering cultural differences between local and foreign contracting firms using Hofstede’s national culture model in the construction industry

Most construction works in the Zambian construction industry are executed by foreign contractors who are eligible to tender for large-scale construction projects. These works amount to 85% of the national contract value. Foreign contractors are seen as better performers in project deliverables of time, cost and schedule compared to local contractors. This research investigated the magnitude to which national culture impacts contractor performance in the Zambian construction industry. A comparison of culture and performance was made between foreign and local firms in the two top construction categories, using Hofstede’s national culture framework to determine performance improvements of local contractors. A total 112 questionnaires were collected and SPSS was used to analyse the data descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that foreign contractors manage uncertainty avoidance in a more superior manner compared to local contractors. The clients rated foreign contractors as better performers apart from health and safety. The study established that Local contractors must improve their performance if they are to compete favourably with the foreign contractors' success record.

National culture and the demand for physical money during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

There was a significant increase in the demand for physical money during the COVID-19 pandemic. This stood in stark contrast to the decline in demand witnessed during previous pandemics. However, the change was not uniform and varied significantly between countries. By employing the “national culture” framework to identify the drivers of this variation, this study found that uncertainty avoidance, as well as social norms regarding gratification, played a major role. This suggests that some central banks should hold larger cash reserves to mitigate the risk of uncertainty and that the national culture framework may prove useful in researching the international differences in past, present, and future money demand.

Human Resource Management Practices of Foreign Manufacturing Companies in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study

This study aims to investigate and compare human resource management (HRM) practices among the foreign manufacturing subsidiaries operating in Bangladesh. We interviewed 36 managerial employees from three types of companies based on their country of origin: two Japanese, two British and two American. The findings reveal that a blend of HRM practices has been adopted by the foreign subsidiaries, executed by imitating home and host country practices. Results found that Japanese subsidiaries are heavily influenced by their parent company, which affects the core HRM practices of their companies in Bangladesh. On the other hand, the subsidiaries of the United Kingdom and the United States in Bangladesh have taken a different route. They have adapted and adjusted the HRM practices from the host country and implemented them with their internationalisation stages. This study further suggests that the home and host country debate through the framework of national culture may need to be re-examined. This research fills the knowledge gap in the literature on cross-cultural HRM practices, convergence–divergence debate among MNC firms’ HRM practices and foreign subsidiaries’ relationships by analysing the socio-cultural and institutional influences of the host countries.

Work and Espoused National Cultural Values of Generation Z in Austria

Purpose: Employers face the challenge of preparing for a new, upcoming generational cohort that is different in its expectations of the workplace, which goes hand-in-hand with its values. Therefore, Generation Z in Austria must receive detailed attention because it will make up a significant proportion of the workforce in the future. Questions will emerge about how to recruit this cohort or how to retain them. This research fills this gap by analyzing their espoused national cultural values and corresponding work values while considering the implications of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
 Design/Method/Approach: This quantitative research surveyed 137 Austrians from Generation Z.
 Findings: The results show a low Power Distance score, concluding that Austrian Generation Z does not prefer unequally distributed power; a low preference for Collectivism, a higher preference for Uncertainty Avoidance, and lower Masculinity. In terms of work values, Austrian Generation Z demonstrated the strongest preference for intrinsic and social rewards and emphasized the importance of offering benefits such as remote work opportunities and flexibility in scheduling work.
 Theoretical Implications: This study shows that espoused national cultural values impact work values in the context of Austrian Gen Z. Thus, both the espoused national cultural framework and the work values framework can be considered suitable for investigating values differences.
 Practical Implications: Human Resources practices should be adapted to successfully recruit and retain Austrian Generation Z.
 Originality/Value: This research is among the early attempts to not only understand how espoused national cultural values and COVID impact the work values of Generation Z in Austria.
 Research Limitations/Future Research: The smaller sample size and the over representation of females impact the extent to which findings can be generalized to all of Generation Z in Austria. Future research should expand the sample within Austria and internationally.
 Acknowledgments: This paper is the further development of the first author's thesis. Thank you to all of those who contributed to and supported these efforts.
 Paper type: Empirical

Thinking multiculturality in the age of hybrid threats: Converging cyber and physical security in Akkuyu nuclear power plant

Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are the most protected facilities among all critical infrastructures (CIs). In addition to physical security, cyber security becomes a significant concern for NPPs since swift digitalization and overreliance on computer-based systems in the facility operations transformed NPPs into targets for cyber/physical attacks. Despite technical competencies, humans are still the central component of a resilient NPP to develop an effective nuclear security culture.Turkey is one of the newcomers in the nuclear energy industry, and Turkish Akkuyu NPP has a unique model owned by an international consortium. Since Turkey has limited experience in nuclear energy industry, specific multinational and multicultural characteristics of Turkish Akkuyu NPP also requires further research in terms of the Facility's prospective nuclear security. Yet, the link between “national cultures” and “nuclear security” is underestimated in nuclear security studies. By relying on Hofstede's national culture framework, our research aims to address this gap and explore possible implications of cross-national cultural differences on nuclear security. To cope with security challenges in the age of hybrid threats, we propose a security management model which addresses the need for cyber-physical security integration to cultivate a robust nuclear security culture in a multicultural working environment.

Deposit insurance, banking stability and banking indicators

The deposit insurance system is a form of banking regulation that protects depositors and provides stability in the banking system. It is an important part of the financial safety net, especially in times of economic turmoil, as it provides explicit depositor protection and prevents a ‘bank run’. However, there are some negative effects on banking stability associated with the increase in bank risk, i.e., moral hazard, adverse selection and the principal-agent problem. The functioning of the deposit insurance system depends on its determinants, but also on the characteristics of the national banking system, supervision, legal and cultural framework and the general development of the country. Considering that the banking systems in EU and especially in comparison to Southeast European countries are very different, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of the deposit insurance system on bank stability depending on the characteristics of banks. Bank stability is analysed using bank risk variables: z-score and ratio of non-performing loans to total loans. By applying a dynamic panel analysis using the GMM Arellano–Bond (AB) estimator to a sample of EU countries and selected Southeast European countries, we provide further evidence on the deposit insurance system over the period from 2005 to 2014. The results provide evidence that large and systemically important banks behave in a riskier way, distorting the purpose of the deposit insurance scheme and jeopardising the safety of banking systems.

Воплощение сказки в музыке

The article deals with the embodiment of the Russian folk tale in musical - instrumental, primarily in piano - works. The prehistory of the fairy tale incarnation in music in various musical genres, including stage music, is studied. The traditions of the embodiment of fairy-tale images have existed in Russian culture since ancient times. The fairy tale, which has existed in the mind of a person since childhood, required embodiment in various forms. One of the most important forms of the embodiment of a fairy tale within the framework of national culture is the embodiment of a fairy tale in the musical sphere. Music is addressed, first of all, to the emotional world of the individual; This fact has been known to psychologists and art historians for a long time. It is in the emotional world of the individual that the fairy tale exists.

A Comparative Study of Density and Fineness in the Narratives of Chinese and Western Classical Novels

Density refers to the number of story elements within a narrative of a given piece of writing. Fineness refers to the sufficiency and inherent completeness of the story elements displayed. In comparison, the density of story elements in ancient Chinese novels is higher, and the fineness is lower, while the density of story elements in Western novels is lower and the fineness is higher. This difference partly contributes to the simplicity and refinement of the structure of Chinese novels and the complexity and delicate nature of the structure of Western novels. However, each of these characteristics has its strengths, in line with the national culture and social framework from which the Chinese and Western novels emerged. As such, these elements found in both Chinese and Western novels can appropriately reflect the way of life of their respective societies and the thoughts and feelings of the people therein, both of which are worthy of recognition.

Are tourists from the same source market culturally homogeneous?

ABSTRACT This study questions whether tourists are culturally homogeneous regardless of the destination visited or type of travel undertaken. This question is premised on the belief that tourists are culturally homogeneous, which underlies research that applies Hofstede’s national cultural value framework; yet, it has not been asked before in the tourism literature. To address this research gap, a survey of Hong Kong residents who had travelled outside of the city for pleasure was conducted using the Cultural Value Scale (CVSCALE), a scale developed and validated to measure Hofstede’s national cultural values at an individual level. The study revealed significant differences in expressed national cultural values on most dimensions tested, as well as the overall scale by destination choice and style of trip. This study contributes by showing that an examination of individual-level culture may be more important when looking at sub-populations of tourists from the same source market.

The influence of a wide range of food cultures

In the framework of food culture, societal and national culture plays an important role that is reflected and implemented in the food business. Food culture discusses tradition, taboos, beliefs, rituals, interiors, and the impact of globalization, followed by a service provider whose quality, quantity, variety, taste, neatness, and conduct contribute to customer pleasure at paid rates. Every social group's traditions and attitudes may be revealed by the way food is produced, distributed, chosen, acquired, supplied, stored, prepared, arranged, served, eaten, promoted, and learnt. There are many different culinary cultures throughout the world, some of which are more distinctive and well-known than others, and others which seldom leave their geographic area but are just as important to the local population. Many variables affect diverse food cultures across the world, but one of the most noticeable is how different culinary cultures use certain foods and spices to elicit distinct taste profiles that characterize their culture.

Contemporary Lithuanian Documentary Cinema: A Critical Overview of Main Film Directions

The purpose of this article is to discuss the main directions of the contemporary Lithuanian documentary film, by focusing on the generations who debuted in 1990s and during the period leading to the accession to the European Union in 2004, as well as after the film policy reform in 2011 and 2012, which lead to gradual increase in film funding and documentary film production. By indicating the biggest challenges and risks of a small industry and singling out the most distinctive Lithuanian documentaries, this article aims to explore how different generations of filmmakers work within the framework of national filmmaking culture and the global context of documentary genre, and what rhetorical and stylistic devices they employ for discussing nationally, regionally and internationally appealing issues.

Culture as antecedent of national innovation performance: Evidence from neo-configurational perspective

As an exogenous antecedent of national innovation performance, culture has been receiving significant attention in cross-cultural research. However, relying primarily on Hofstede’s framework of national culture, this research has so far been predominantly inclined to treating culture as a collection of independent dimensions, thereby ignoring the complex notion of culture profiles that refer to distinctive patterns of interrelated dimensions, which cannot be considered in isolation, but only in combination. Employing the lens of neo-configurational theory and with the support of the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the present study aims to fill this gap by exploring how multiple Hofstede’s dimensions interact and combine to influence national innovation performance. In this way, this study goes beyond the existing theory and empirical evidence about the relationship between distinctive culture profiles and innovation performance at national level, while broadening our understanding more generally about how to conceptualize and operationalize culture in business research.

ТРАНСКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ СИМВОЛ: К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ПОНЯТИЯ

The article attempts to define the concept of a transcultural symbol as a phenomenon of transculture. Despite the fact that transculture often becomes the subject of interdisciplinary research involving cultural studies, linguistics, sociology, literary studies and other sciences, the transcultural symbol has not yet been studied much. Meanwhile, transculture is understood by M.N. Epstein precisely as a symbolic environment, which makes it necessary to study its objects. A transcultural symbol becomes a global phenomenon when it is perceived by a different, “alien” culture, but its formation takes place within the framework of a national culture. Being rooted in the era of syncretism (A.N. Veselovsky), the symbol retains its connection with tradition, which allows it to have countless variations and meanings. Enriched by them within the framework of national culture, the symbol becomes desirable for the culture of the host, as it appeals to the national consciousness, cultural memory – to the deep, mythotectonic, levels of culture. The perception specifics of a transcultural symbol make it possible to study the entrenched cultural views of a particular cultural formation, to identify significant cultural dominants. Such an analysis is facilitated by the fact that the symbol itself has a certain form, and sometimes coloristics, which in themselves also have semantic and symbolic meanings. Thus, the transcultural symbol of the blue flower has a significant colorative in its composition, and is also associated with the formula of parallelism “flower-girl”. Based on the material of the works of Russian literature, we will try to illustrate the perception specifics of the transcultural symbol of the blue flower by Russian literature.