Inclusive Framework Research Articles

A Differential Effect of Research Teaching Innovation on Dissertation Completion Rate and Pass Mark at TGSL

Abstract This research examines the differential effect of research-writing teaching innovation on proposal and dissertation completion rates at the Turfloop Graduate School of Leadership (TGSL). The method combined a review with a longitudinal quantitative secondary data design. The data on proposal and dissertation completion rates were compared using a t-test statistics. Findings show that at an alpha level of 0.05, a significant difference (at P<0.05) exists in the proposal and dissertation completion rates between the pre-innovation teaching period and within the innovation teaching period – with improved completion rate occurring during the teaching innovation period. Results also depict a mean difference in research methodology pass marks (albeit insignificance). Based on the findings, the paper contributes by developing an agency-based inclusive framework for teaching dissertation research writing. This framework provides an agenda for further research on teacher and student agency, and hence inclusive teaching of academic writing.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on ChatGPT and its utilization in medical and dental research

BackgroundSince its release, ChatGPT has taken the world by storm with its utilization in various fields of life. This review's main goal was to offer a thorough and fact-based evaluation of ChatGPT's potential as a tool for medical and dental research, which could direct subsequent research and influence clinical practices. Methods: Different online databases were scoured for relevant articles that were in accordance with the study objectives. A team of reviewers was assembled to devise a proper methodological framework for inclusion of articles and meta-analysis. Results: 11 descriptive studies were considered for this review that evaluated the accuracy of ChatGPT in answering medical queries related to different domains such as systematic reviews, cancer, liver diseases, diagnostic imaging, education, and COVID-19 vaccination. The studies reported different accuracy ranges, from 18.3 % to 100 %, across various datasets and specialties. The meta-analysis showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.25 and a relative risk (RR) of 1.47 with a 95 % confidence interval (CI), indicating that the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing correct responses was significantly higher compared to the total responses for queries. However, significant heterogeneity was present among the studies, suggesting considerable variability in the effect sizes across the included studies. Conclusion: The observations indicate that ChatGPT has the ability to provide appropriate solutions to questions in the medical and dentistry areas, but researchers and doctors should cautiously assess its responses because they might not always be dependable. Overall, the importance of this study rests in shedding light on ChatGPT's accuracy in the medical and dentistry fields and emphasizing the need for additional investigation to enhance its performance.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Breaking the Ice: Exploring the Link Between Glaciers and Mental Well-being

Background Glaciers are integral in maintaining hydrological cycles, moderating oceanic levels, and preserving valuable ecosystems. Cryospheric regions are often overlooked in evaluating the environmental factors affecting mental health. This study investigates the potential influence of glacial presence and melt behaviour on global mental health, particularly among marginalized communities.
 Methods National suicide rates of general population and specific age categories were gathered from World Health Organization between 2012-19. Glacial data was sourced from the World Glacier Monitoring Service, and Randolph Glacier Inventory. Wilcox testing was conducted to identify mean suicide rates across countries with and without glaciers. Pearson and Spearman correlation testing were employed to identify relationships between melt rate indicators and suicide rates. 
 Results Over the entire eight-year duration, countries with the existence of glaciers revealed a notably higher suicide rate (p-value of 0.0001). Children aged 5-15 years old demonstrated a consistently higher suicide rate amongst countries with glacial bodies (p-value between 0.020-0.037). A positive correlation between regional suicide rates and glacial area was revealed, except in low-latitude countries. Although melt rate variability showed no significant correlation with suicide statistics, Greenland was the only country to demonstrate a negative relation among all populations.
 Conclusions To address the ongoing impacts of the climate crisis, further research is necessary to develop an inclusive framework that acknowledges the unique challenges faced by communities living in cryospheric regions. This study is the tip of the iceberg, recognizing the importance of inclusivity in addressing the mental health implications of climate change in these environments.

Robust Financial Inclusion Framework by Examining Literacy Aspects in Oman

This research examines how Internet finance and challenges (IFC) affect Oman’s banking sector’s financial inclusion (FIN). This research also examines the mediating function of digital literacy (DL) and financial literacy (FL). The conceptual model hypothesis was tested using a questionnaire with study construct items. Financial services and customers at selected Oman banks were sampled using purposive sampling. To test model fitness and derive hypothesis outcomes, AMOS was used to analyze these data using PLS-SEM. The IFC and FIN of financial services users were positively and significantly associated, and DL and FL mediated this connection. This research highlighted DL and FL as the mediating mechanism, adding to the literature on IFC and FIN. FIN must address Internet finance issues, and the government must create regulations to improve financial service consumers’ DL and FL to boost FIN in Oman. This research is innovative and distinctive since it emphasizes the necessity of technological literacy to make it easier for banks and other financial institutions to deliver financial services to the Sultanate of Oman.

How Inclusive Practice Increases the Educational Relevance of Individualized Education Programs.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act guidelines for Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) require that students with disabilities should, to the fullest extent appropriate, receive services that promote academic achievement that are delivered within the general educational environment. In this clinical focus article, we will demonstrate how the inclusive practice service delivery model can assist speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with the development of educationally relevant IEPs. Twelve SLPs who saw at least 30% of their students in a general education context shared their perspectives on inclusive practice. Their responses were transcribed and coded using deductive qualitative analysis. Their insights were combined with relevant literature to demonstrate how inclusive practice promotes educationally relevant IEPs. We provided practical examples of using curriculum-based assessments and academic standards to gauge students' present levels of academic and functional performance. We next described how engaging with the school community and observing students in the educational environment assists with determining the effects of a student's disability on academic achievement and functional performance. We concluded by describing how an inclusive mindset helps to align services to meet students' needs. An inclusive framework can help create IEPs that promote students' access, engagement, and progress in age or grade-level curriculum, instruction, and environments by highlighting the impact of a disability on academic achievement and functional performance. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24354319.

The Single Top-Up Tax Principle: Justification, Content and Functions upon the Design of QDMTTs

The present contribution advances the “single top-up tax principle” as a guiding principle for the design of qualified domestic minimum top-up taxes (QDMTTs) by the Inclusive Framework (IF) and by host jurisdictions. This article, which is intended as a critical assessment of the agreed administrative guidance on the QDMTT, generally addresses the justification, content and functions of the single top-up tax principle. It considers both the design of rules on the QDMTT by the IF and implementation issues for host countries, within the permissible range of features for a QDMTT.

Construction of an indicator framework for vaccine inclusion in public health programs: A Delphi-entropy method study

ABSTRACT Governments must decide which vaccine priority to include in their public health programs. Using the modified Delphi and entropy method, we developed an indicator framework for vaccine inclusion at the national, provincial, municipal, and district/county levels, each containing three dimensions. In total, 4 primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 45 tertiary indicators were selected, covering vaccine-preventable diseases, candidate vaccines, and social drivers of the supply and demand sides. From a subjective perspective, there was no significant weighting difference in the primary and secondary indicators at all administrative levels. “Vaccine-preventable diseases” as a primary indicator had the greatest weight in the peer group, of which “Health burden” had the highest weight among the secondary indicators. From the objective perspective, the social drivers on the supply and demand sides of the primary indicators accounted for 65% and higher. Among the secondary indicators, “the characteristics of the candidate vaccine” and “vaccine-related policies on the supply side” held 8% of weights or more at both national and provincial levels. “Demographic characteristics” held the highest weight at the municipal (13.50) and district/county (15.45) level. This study indicates that China needs different considerations when using WHO-recommended vaccines at the national, provincial, municipal, and district/county levels. In addition, this study highlights that behavioral and social drivers are important indicators that need to be considered for decision-making. This framework provides a tool for policymakers to determine the inclusion priority of candidate vaccines.

Socio-Economic Impacts on the Migrants due to COVID-19

Abstract: India has a massive migrant population that accounts for 453.6 million. The migration at the state level varies from one state to another state depending on several reasons like employment availability, better living standard, marriage, education, etc. In India, it is prevalent that the flow of migration is from the state, which lacks employment opportunities for the people. This huge migrant population includes the labour migrants who mostly hail from poor backgrounds and lack formal education. These migrants work in multiple low wage works like street vending construction, stone query mines, etc. The maximum net outflow of migrants is directly from the low-income states to the high-income states. UP has the highest net outflow population, while Maharashtra occupies the highest net inflow of migrants. These migrants are the daily wage workers and constitute the informal sector. Due to the sudden outbreak, Covid-19 has impacted them the most in this pandemic. With the loss of their daily employment in the cities, these migrants started to walk back to their native villages. Also, lack of social security, social stigma, and loss of livelihood has further added to their misery. The government's initiatives at a much later stage have somehow helped them. But still, there is a long way to go before eradicating this disparity. These migrants form an indispensable part of our economy. Thus, their social and economic protection is of prime importance to us. There is a need for specific provisions and an inclusive framework for the overall security of the migrants. Access to health care, proper awareness, combating discrimination, food security, psychological support, and being connected to everyone are some of the necessary steps. Such provisions can ensure a sense of better living for these migrants.

포스트휴먼 장애학 관점에서의 ‘학생 주도성’ 개념에 대한 비판적 고찰: 2022 개정 교육과정을 중심으로

The aim of this study was to critically examine the concept of student agency, an idea that has characterized recent curriculum reform policies, focusing on the 2022 revised curriculum, from the perspective of posthuman disability studies (PDS) and to propose a more inclusive framework for it. To this end, this study first explored how PDS enables us to rethink human agency, which underlies the notion of student agency. Next, the analysis of the 2022 revised curriculum and its related policy documents revealed that student agency embodied in the 2022 revised curriculum is predicated on the logics of choice-responsibility undergirding a range of curricular devices (e.g., the high school credit system). Drawing on PDS, the study argues that the 2022 revised curriculum may (inadvertently) contribute to the perpetuation of ableism by assuming that student agency can be exercised based on modern humanist values, such as autonomy, self-determination, and self-responsibility. Furthermore, it was also found that, unlike non-disabled students, disabled students are positioned in the curriculum as potentially less agentic, i.e., exceptional learners requiring educational interventions whose focus is on special kinds of learning experiences for their independence. Finally, the study discusses directions for developing a more just and inclusive version of the future curriculum that reflects PDS-based alternative ways of thinking about not only student agency but students’ differences, including disabilities.

An audio MOOC framework for the digital inclusion of low literate people in the distance education process

An audio MOOC framework for the digital inclusion of low literate people in the distance education process

Productive or non-productive? Negative performance feedback and firms' cost behaviors

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influences of negative performance feedback on firms' cost behaviors including productive behaviors (i.e. R&D behaviors) and non-productive behaviors (i.e. selling behaviors and business entertainment behaviors), as well as to investigate the roles of ownership types and marketization.Design/methodology/approachA sample of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2007 to 2018 is analyzed employing multiple regression models.FindingsThe results show that negative performance feedback has a positive but not significant effect on R&D behaviors, while its effect on selling behaviors is significantly positive. Meanwhile, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between negative performance feedback and business entertainment behaviors. Furthermore, when facing a performance dilemma, state-owned enterprises tend to adjust selling behaviors, while nonstate-owned enterprises pay more attention to business entertainment behaviors. In terms of marketization, the firms in high-marketization regions are more likely to adjust their R&D, selling and business entertainment behaviors, while the firms in low-marketization regions are difficult to adjust these cost behaviors.Practical implicationsThis study explores the role of negative performance feedback in firms' cost behaviors and provides empirical evidence about the differentiated influences regarding ownership types and marketization.Originality/valueIntegrating insights from existing studies and introducing the behavioral theory of the firm and prospect theory, this study proposes a more inclusive framework that addresses the impacts of negative performance feedback on firms' cost behaviors. This paper deepens the understanding of firms' decision behaviors in the dilemma of performance shortfall.

An exploration of the conceptualization, guiding principles, and theoretical perspectives of inclusive curriculum

This paper extensively examines the concept of inclusive curriculum in education by conducting a comprehensive review of relevant literature. Its primary objective is to promote equal opportunities and meaningful learning experiences for all students. The study sheds light on the multifaceted dimensions of inclusive curriculum, investigates key theoretical perspectives in inclusive education, and analyzes the various components of curriculum within an inclusive framework. The inclusive curriculum encompasses content, instructional methods, assessment strategies, and learning environments, which collectively contribute to a comprehensive and holistic approach. The paper emphasizes the significance of fundamental principles such as equity, access, social justice, collaboration, individualized support, positive school climate, and inclusive policies and systems in the design and implementation of an inclusive curriculum. The examination of theoretical perspectives, including the social model of disability, constructivism, critical pedagogy, and universal design for learning, underscores their relevance to inclusive curriculum. These perspectives underscore the importance of recognizing and embracing diverse identities and cultures, thereby fostering inclusive learning environments that promote diversity, equity, and meaningful participation. In conclusion, the paper highlights the pivotal role of adopting an inclusive curriculum in cultivating inclusive learning environments that prioritize diversity, equity, and meaningful participation. The synthesis of literature and theoretical perspectives provides valuable insights into the design and implementation of effective inclusive curricula in educational settings.

Reticular Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Three-Dimensional Mesoporous Covalent-Organic Frameworks for Lipase Inclusion.

The synthesis and application of three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are still to be developed. Herein, two mesoporous 3D COFs with an stp topology were synthesized in a highly crystalline form with aniline as the modulator. The chemical composition of these COFs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. These 3D mesoporous COFs were highly crystalline and exhibited permanent porosity and good chemical stability in both aqueous and organic media. The space group and unit cell parameters of COF HFPTP-TAE were verified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), small-angle X-ray scattering, and three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED). The appropriate pore size of the COF HFPTP-TAE facilitated the inclusion of enzyme lipase PS with a loading amount of 0.28 g g-1. The lipase⊂HFPTP-TAE (⊂ refers to "include in") composite exhibited high catalytic activity, good thermal stability, and a wide range of solvent tolerance. Specifically, it could catalyze the alcoholysis of aspirin methyl ester (AME) with high catalytic efficiency. Oriented one-dimensional (1D) channel mesopores in HFPTP-TAE accommodated lipase, meanwhile preventing them from aggregation, while windows on the wall of the 1D channel favored molecular diffusion; thus, this COF-enzyme design outperformed its amorphous isomer, two-dimensional (2D) mesoporous COF, 3D mesoporous COF with limited crystallinity, and mesoporous silica as an enzyme host.

Pillar One, Pillar Two, Transfer Pricing and the Arm’s Length Principle: A Tangled Web of New and Old Taxing Rules

The OECD Inclusive Framework introduced the Two-Pillar solution – intended to coexist with the current tax framework – to address challenges in an evolving economy. The interaction between the new and old rules may create tensions. This article examines potential tensions between the Pillars and existing transfer pricing rules.

Evaluate and identify the competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education

In recent years, both information technology (IT) labor demand and IT job characteristics have been significantly influenced by the advent of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and the digital age. The higher education sector is expected to upgrade itself with such progress and train graduates capable of meeting the new industry requirements. However, due to the present demand gap, universities are seeking to identify the skills new digital workers are expected to have. As we live in the digital age, the literature has failed to address the questions of the consequences for individual workers adequately. Considerable scientific efforts should be made to design certain curricula and training programs that could nurture digital competencies (DC). There is a need to construct an inclusive framework of the term. In addition, different options exist for studying the DC of the workforce in relation to human resources management (HRM). The current paper attempts to fill the gap by developing an integrated decision-making framework. The paper aims to introduce an innovative discrimination measure and discuss its elegant properties. A Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) framework for evaluating the MCDM problem on a fuzzy set has been developed based on it. On the other hand, the new methodology of the PF-entropy-RS weight technique is used to compute the criteria weights or significance degrees of criteria. Then, the MARCOS method is a new elegant approach to handle the MCDM problems. Thus, in this study, we have developed a new approach to the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method using the PF-entropy-RS and PF-MARCOS methods and further implemented for the evaluation of the competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. It helps to calculate the objective/subjective weights of criteria to evaluate the competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education; then, the approach is used to assess the preferences of higher education institutes over different competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. An empirical case study is carried out in this paper for the evaluation of the most important competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. In addition, to evaluate the performance quality of the proposed framework, this study also involves some comparison and sensitivity analyses. This study found that data and information processing has emerged as the most important competencies of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. The ability to interact with modern interfaces is the second most important competency of the future workforce for digital technologies implementation in higher education. In conclusion, the workforce responsible for implementing digital technologies in higher education will significantly impact students’ learning experiences. As technological advancements continue, higher education institutions will require skilled professionals with diverse digital expertise to manage and integrate these technologies successfully.

The ideological tug-of-war of language policies in the Philippines: perspectives and proposal

ABSTRACT Implementing mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) in the Philippines opens opportunities for learner inclusion and access, which is also in harmony with UNESCO's Sustainable Development Goal 4 aimed at achieving quality and inclusive education for all. However, recent attempts to revert to Filipino–English bilingual education foreground the ideological tug-of-war that continues to impact policymakers, researchers, educators, and, most importantly, Filipino learners. As the bilingual model is believed to be valuable to economic and technological growth, the role and relevance of MTB-MLE in a globalized world are challenged. We argue that language views espousing covert dominance continue to permeate language policy discourses in the Philippines, which can impact classroom learning and instruction. Hence, this article analyzes the historical milestones of languages in education and looks at how linguistic imperialism is entrenched in language policies. It also situates language use in the Philippines within a broader sociolinguistic context in which it operates. The article concludes with an inclusive framework on language policy implementation, the Naverin (national, vernacular, and international) model, proposing a balanced view of using various linguistic resources, which might be relevant to other multilingual societies in Southeast Asia.

How “basic” is basic digital literacy for older adults? Insights from digital skills instructors

IntroductionWith the continuing advancement of digitalization of everyday life, digital literacy becomes more and more a necessity. As a consequence, those who are digitally illiterate experience digital exclusion, which increasingly equals social exclusion. Older adults are typically less digitally active and also less skilled in digital technologies than younger cohorts. Digital inclusion frameworks by governmental and supra-national organizations, on the one hand, and academic definitions of “digital literacy” or “digital skills”, on the other hand, tend to include a broad set of competencies next to technical understanding, such as cognitive and social-emotional skills. However, we argue the problem that expectations of what digital literacy commonly entails are too high level for older adults with no pre-existing digital experience with computers, internet, smartphones, or tablets. Even what is considered as entry-level, basic digital skills, or foundational skills, can be very demanding for older adults with limited or no prior knowledge of and practice with digital technologies.MethodsTo make our point, we draw on own data from interviews with 26 digital skills instructors who give training to older adults in Belgium (collected between December 2020 and February 2021).ResultsWe provide empirical evidence for the circumstances that even seemingly basic digital skills, such as getting a device started or downloading apps, can be very demanding and anything but trivial for older adults without prior experience. We demonstrate evidence along three interrelated domains: (1) ICT-jargon and terminology; (2) Hardware; (3) Software and Internet. Each of these domains entail hurdles of knowledge and understanding that need to be overcome for these older adults before we can start addressing the higher goals of digital literacy frameworks.DiscussionThe main implication from this article is that even the most basic tenets of digital technology are neither trivial nor simple to grasp for older adults with no or limited prior experience — a point not sufficiently addressed by current frameworks of digital skills/literacy/competence.

Investigating Spectrum Allocation Policies to Accommodate New Entrants in the Market: A Case Study of South Africa

One of the goals of the telecommunications industry is to provide universal connectivity to its consumers. Achieving this goal is highly dependent on the allocation of radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The RF spectrum refers to the frequencies assigned to diverse services such as mobile, fixed, and satellite services. These allocations are regulated by international, regional, and local authorities. Countries across the globe have embarked on the journey to transform their RF spectrum allocation policies to be more inclusive and hybrid in nature. Such changes in some countries, have enabled new entrants and incumbent operators to provide low-cost connectivity into small rural communities, bridging the digital divide gap. Due to current policies by some regulators and perceived anti-competitive laws, new entrants and small operators find it difficult to penetrate the telecommunications market in South Africa. To address this challenge, the overall and ongoing study, proposes an alternative and inclusive framework for universal coverage and low-cost connectivity that accommodates both incumbent and new entrant operators in South Africa. To achieve this aim, a qualitative desktop research approach was used to analyze publicly available information, including journal articles, RF spectrum policy documents from various countries, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) documents and other academic sources. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing discussions regarding the policy on the allocation of RF spectrum. As this is an ongoing study, preliminary findings indicated that auctions remain a popular RF spectrum allocation model of choice, despite being perceived by some scholars as less competitive and inflexible. The final study findings, which would be in a subsequent research paper, aim to develop a new RF spectrum framework that may help achieve universal coverage and low-cost connectivity in South Africa.

Defining Priorities in Value-Based Cancer Care: Insights From the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology National Cooperative Group Survey.

We determine how stakeholders prioritize the importance of oncologic outcomes, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and cancer-related health care costs. A survey was distributed to the National Clinical Trials Network Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology cooperative group membership from May 14 to June 30, 2022. Respondents were asked to rate (5-point Likert scale) and rank (1-9) evidence-based value domains: overall survival, treatment toxicities/complications, quality of life (QOL), financial toxicity, access to care, compliance with evidence-based care, health system performance, scientific discovery and innovation, and cost to the health care system. A total of 514 members responded, including researchers (24.7%), nurses (19.5%), medical oncologists (17.9%), administrators (9.3%), surgical and radiation oncologists (9.1%), patient advocates (3.1%), and nonphysician providers (16.4%). Participants represented various practice settings including National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers (29.8%), university-affiliated academic cancer centers (21%), hospital-owned oncology practices (21.8%), and others (27.4%). There was agreement in how respondents prioritized value domains (W = 0.39, P < .001). Respondents ranked patient QOL (mean rank: 2.6 ± 1.9) as most important above all other metrics including survival (mean rank: 3.5 ± 0.3) and access to care (mean rank: 3.5 ± 2.1; P < .001). Members engaged in direct patient care also ranked access to care of higher importance than nonclinicians (P = .026). Cost to the health care system (mean rank: 7.5 ± 2.1) and health system performance (mean rank: 7 ± 2) were ranked as least important (P < .001). Inclusion of PROs into therapeutic assessment (59.3%) was the most frequently selected priority of future cooperative group initiatives. Oncology community stakeholders deemed patient-centered value domains as most important and considered patient QOL the highest priority. Inclusion of PROs into clinical trials was endorsed as an important component of therapeutic assessment. These findings can be taken into consideration when creating a value framework for inclusion in cancer clinical trials.

Inclusion of Law Ministers in Collegium

A judge is a lawyer who is a politician who has a friend. Our Supreme Court is also a political court not because judges are politician but because all political disputes are ultimately solved in the court of law. The judiciary should not be solely responsible for the appointment of judges, which is a crucial component of government. The government has made an effort to demonstrate its authority in the process, highlighting the need for a more inclusive framework that includes the executive and legislative branches. To understand the recent debate over our collegium system, it is important to dig deep the constitutionality, history and requirements of the system to be able to answer whether the law minister exclusively be included in the collegium system of India or not. The article aims at elaborating such issues to such context.