Inclusive Framework Research Articles

CLASSIC-TPACK PDP for Teaching Composition: A Suggested Professional Developmental Program for Teaching L2 Writers

This study explores Saudi foundation-year students' instructional challenges in developing academic writing skills. Many students enter university with limited experience in writing, often relying on memorization rather than original expression, which leads to increased writing anxiety, hinders critical thinking, and places undue focus on error correction over fluency. To address these issues, the current paper introduces the CLASSIC-TPACK Professional Development Program (PDP) designed to enhance English instructors' teaching methods. Rooted in The Critical Approach and Reid's Teacher Training Quadrants, this flexible and inclusive framework supports varied learner needs. The program uses the Cooperative/Collegial Development Model to foster a collaborative environment where educators engage in reflective practice and action research, incorporating technology to enrich their teaching. This initiative aims to support the growth of skilled L2 writers and highlights the importance of ongoing professional development to strengthen academic writing within Saudi education.

A scoping review of social work with Roma and Traveller communities: introducing the ROMA model

ABSTRACT Although The Strasbourg Declaration on Roma presents a list of priorities that aim to address the social and economic marginalisation of Roma and Traveller people in Europe, the contribution that social work is making to efforts to achieve these aims is unclear. Therefore, a scoping review of current scholarship was conducted to summarise the existing body of knowledge and identify how social work can help to achieve The Strasbourg Declaration on Roma. The databases Academic Search Complete, SAGE Journals Online, ScienceDirect, and Social Care Online were searched resulting in the inclusion of 20 articles published between 2010 and 2024. Two themes were identified: (1) Antigypsyism and (2) Restorative Practice. The findings show that restorative practices could help to promote human rights and the social and intercultural inclusion of Roma and Travellers in Europe. Informed by the articles included in this scoping review, the ‘Reflection, Objective, Movement and Action (ROMA) Model: A Framework for Restorative Practice is introduced as a solution to enable social workers to achieve The Strasbourg Declaration on Roma and future national strategic frameworks for Roma and Traveller inclusion.

Rethinking creative commons licensing: A policy proposal to safeguard against copyright trolling and enhance knowledge sharing

This paper addresses the pressing need to reform Creative Commons (CC) licensing in response to the challenges posed by copyright trolling. The paper highlights how these factors undermine the integrity of knowledge-sharing ecosystems by examining the economic motivations behind copyright trolling and the ambiguities in existing CC licenses. It proposes a dual approach that combines policy advocacy with theoretical development, recommending clear licensing language, anti-trolling provisions, and the establishment of an oversight body to protect users while maintaining creator incentives. Through case studies and analysis, the paper illustrates the potential benefits of these reforms, advocating for a more equitable and inclusive framework that fosters creativity, collaboration, and access to knowledge. Ultimately, the aim is to recalibrate the balance of power within the licensing landscape, ensuring that both creators and users can engage freely and securely in sharing creative works.

Beyond disability. Are culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students overrepresented in the Spanish special education system? An intersectional data-based approach / Más allá de la discapacidad. ¿El alumnado con diversidad cultural y lingüística (DCL) está sobrerrepresentado en el sistema español de educación especial? Un enfoque interseccional basado en datos

In this paper, we use the concept of intersectionality to explore the situation of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students attending special education units or schools in Spain from 2009 to 2019. Using the general Spanish student population as our reference group, we calculate the relative risk index for CLD students in special education. In addition to revealing clear equity gaps, the results also indicate that gender intensifies both oppression and nationality effects, pointing to the existence of a mutable structure of inequality that has a stronger effect on male students from non-European countries, particularly Pakistan and the Dominican Republic. We conclude that educational trends, which remained unchanged during the years comprising the study period, reveal the historicity of educational inequality, confirming its structural, multifaceted and intersectional nature. As a possible means of overcoming the barriers faced by foreign students, we propose a reorganization of the conceptual framework of inclusion from an intersectional perspective.

When I say … haunted curriculum.

As medical and health professions education (HPE) fields shift towards frameworks of justice, equity, diversity and inclusion (JEDI), there has been an increased focus on addressing the environments of learning to understand hierarchies of power and create better learning experiences for students who have historically been marginalised in these fields. We propose the haunted curriculum as an evocative conceptual framing to engage with the aspects of medical and HPE that are toxic and troubling to learners and to understand how violent histories continue to loom large and permeate the present. The haunted curriculum examines how forms of oppression and injustice, such as racism and ableism, are always ever-present and often arise in unexpected ways during training. The haunted curriculum also helps to uncover how environments of training and professionalisation may themselves inflict these forms of oppression and injustice and may be ideal spaces to counter them.

Investigating the impact of stressors on stress level among the chinese’s students: the moderating role of chinese painting experience

PurposeThis study explored how relational, personal, and environmental factors as stressors affected the stress levels of students while also investigating the moderating effect of experience with Chinese painting on the relationship between stressors and students' stress levels. By examining these dynamics, the research aimed to provide insights into effective coping strategies for students facing academic pressures.Design/Methodology/ApproachA quantitative research methodology was employed, utilizing online and self-administered surveys to collect data from 384 respondents in Shandong Province, China. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS.FindingsThe research revealed a positive correlation among stressors, stress levels among students, and Chinese painting experience. The study successfully established the moderating effect within the context of significant results. Theoretical implications, along with identified research gaps in the literature, highlighted a culturally inclusive framework. Findings suggested that engaging in Chinese painting provided mental peace, reduced stress levels, and fostered professional growth among students.Research Practical ImplicationsThe study illuminated the impact of stressors—such as relational, personal, and environmental factors—on students' stress levels. Given the rising prevalence of stressors among students, universities were encouraged to consider implementing Chinese painting classes. Such classes had been shown to alleviate stress and promote physical fitness. Furthermore, integrating Chinese painting therapy practices into student life could enhance overall well-being and academic performance.Originality/ValueThere was a paucity of studies elucidating how stressors contributed to heightened stress levels among students. This study, however, concentrated on examining the relationship between Chinese painting experience and stress levels specifically among Chinese students.

Lecturers' Perspectives on Disability and Inclusion in Afghan Higher Education Institutions: A Study Toward Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Objective: This study investigates lecturers' insights into disability and inclusive practices within Afghan Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), exploring the challenges and accommodations provided to students with disabilities (SwDs) in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which promotes inclusive and equitable education. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the concepts of inclusive education and disability studies. The study draws on the medical and social models of disability to analyze how faculty members perceive and implement inclusive practices. The social model aligns with SDG 4’s emphasis on removing societal barriers to provide equal educational opportunities. Method: This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews with 27 faculty members from six Afghan HEIs. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants with knowledge of inclusive education. Data were collected through face-to-face and virtual interviews, transcribed, translated, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results and Discussion: Lecturers demonstrate willingness to support SwDs, but barriers such as inadequate infrastructure, limited faculty training, and societal attitudes persist. The findings highlight that current practices are predominantly shaped by the medical model, limiting inclusivity. Targeted faculty development and institutional reforms are needed to align practices with SDG 4. Research Implications: This research offers critical insights for improving inclusive education in Afghanistan and other low-resource settings, informing policymaking and development of disability support services to achieve SDG 4. Originality/Value: This study is among the first to explore faculty perspectives on inclusive education in Afghan HEIs, providing recommendations for developing inclusive frameworks in conflict-affected and resource-limited contexts.

“It's Enriched My Life.” Agency in the Digital World: Stories of Empowerment and Well‐Being

ABSTRACTDigital inclusion interventions are designed to address challenges related to digital technology access and use. The complex relationships between digital technologies and people's general well‐being are important when considering the development of digital services, practices, policies, and interventions. This research explores the impact of digital inclusion on individual agency and provides evidence of how agency emerges from the use of digital technologies to contribute to well‐being. We present a framework of Digital Inclusion for Well‐being drawing on evidence from interviews with participants of three digital inclusion interventions in Aotearoa New Zealand. While recognizing that digital inclusion is a continuum and that some of our research participants were more digitally engaged that others, we propose a preliminary framework of digital inclusion connecting our participants' digital engagement with outcomes impacting their agency, and thus their well‐being.

An Inclusive Framework for Public Space: A Study of Design Strategies to Promote the Social Participation of People with Dementia

China has the largest and fastest-growing population of people with dementia in the world. It has become urgent to create environments in urban areas where these populations can live and thrive. This paper provides an in-depth case study of dementia activity centres and dementia cafes in public spaces in China. It highlights contemporary social issues, such as the lack of universal education and dementia-friendly spaces. Through an examination of these challenges from the perspective of the built environment, this paper proposes cognitively friendly design strategies at the levels of appearance and function. It also incorporates principles of inclusive design, together with a theoretical framework for the construction of the construction of cognitively dementia-friendly spaces. Finally, this paper explores these strategies from the perspectives of spatial transformation, people's aspirations and social support.

The Pillar 2 Directive and the Qualified Domestic (Minimum) Top-up Tax Puzzle

The article argues for using a teleological interpretation of the Pillar 2 Directive to allow EU Member States to comply with Pillar 2’s soft law requirements for the qualified domestic minimum top-up tax (QDMTT) and its safe harbour (SH). This interpretation is necessary because the directive’s text is not aligned with certain requirements under Pillar 2 soft law since the directive was adopted before the Inclusive Framework issued any administrative guidance. Without the teleological interpretation, EU Member States cannot comply with the qualified domestic top-up tax (QDTT) requirements and, therefore, cannot attain its SH. This would decrease taxpayers’ legal certainty and undermine EU Member States’ fiscal interests.To pursue the argument, the article analyses Pillar 2’s soft law, i.e., the model rules, the commentary, and two sets of administrative guidance related to the QDMTT and its SH, and compares their provisions with the relevant provisions of the Pillar 2 Directive. Consequently, the study offers solutions to discrepancies between these two sets of rules and joins a broader discussion regarding the relationship between EU tax law and soft law.

Urban Transformations for Universal Accessibility: Socio-Educational Dialogue

This paper offers a systematic review of the papers in the present century that have addressed the intersection between urbanism, universal accessibility, and the socio-educational sphere. The paper explores, describes, and interprets the published literature found in academic sources included in Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) from the year 2000 to the present about the intersection of these three topics. We start from the dialogue between the social and the educational spheres as a basic premise. Thus, the main objectives of this review are (1) to identify how many articles explicitly address the social dimension in relation to education and universal accessibility; (2) to determine if there is an upward or downward trend in socio-educational perspectives, inclusion, and new urbanism; and (3) to find out if the research provides frameworks for universal accessibility, urban planning, and socio-educational inclusion from this holistic perspective. After removing all exclusion criteria, the study was restricted to 29 papers. The small number of research found is noteworthy. We understand that this shortage is due to the inclusion of the social dimension as a required area. Although there seems to have been a slight increase in recent years, the sample found does not allow us to determine whether or not there is a greater interest in studying the social sphere in relation to inclusive education. We do conclude, however, that this gap highlights the need to make the socio-educational dimension more present.

Integrated sustainability perspective and spillover effects of social, environment and economic pillars: A case study using SEY model

This study examines the integrated sustainability perspective by mapping the spillover effects among sustainable development pillars including social, environment, and economy. To this end, it estimates the sustainability elasticities between a developing country, Iran, and six global regions including 1- North America, 2- Latin America and Caribbean, 3- European Union, 4- Sub-Saharan Africa, 5- Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and 6- East Asia and Pacific. This estimation uses the SEY model, an econometric package involving simultaneous equations systems, Vector Autoregressive models (VAR), and Granger causality within 1971–2019. This research differs from the previous studies by exploring the sustainability spillovers not only spatially but also across various pillars of sustainable development. The results show that the pillars of sustainable development have significant and positive elasticities. This finding accepts the integrated sustainability perspective since the pillars of sustainable development indicate considerable and synergistic effects from both spatial and contextual outlooks. In this way, the findings support globalization, openness, and flow-based governance, consistent with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 16 (Peace, justice and strong institutions) and 17 (Partnerships for the goals). Therefore, policymakers should strengthen the globalization and openness by establishing and promoting international agreements, global organizations, and inclusive frameworks not only in trade, finance, and economy but also in cultural, social, and political affairs.

When digital taxes come due: national digital taxes and the negotiation of the OECD inclusive framework

ABSTRACT What explains major shifts in international tax cooperation? Existing literature emphasises either the centrality of the United States for successful reform or the power of multinational corporations to exert downward pressure on global tax rates. Nonetheless, in 2021 members of the OECD Inclusive Framework (IF) agreed to tax some of the largest multinational companies based on their market activities rather than physical presence – a fundamental change to the international taxation regime that the U.S. government and U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) had long opposed. We argue that the spread of digital value chains has exposed the activities of MNCs to greater regulatory activity, allowing governments to use unilateral regulatory action as leverage in international negotiations. By shifting the reversion point – the status quo absent an international agreement – governments were collectively able to transform an agreement. We demonstrate our argument by examining how the implementation of national digital services taxes (DSTs) affected the OECD IF negotiations. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders and primary sources, we show that the adoption of DSTs, including in France and India, and the threat of additional proliferation of DSTs, pushed the United States to drop its longstanding opposition to parts of the IF process.

Waqf and Microfinance Integration for Enabling Sustainable Financial Inclusion: Analysis of Sharīʿah Compliance

Purpose — Sustainability has remained one of the most significant challenges facing the microfinance industry, and Islamic microfinance is no exception. The need for Sharīʿah compliance poses an additional challenge for the Islamic microfinance industry. Many practitioners have argued that, in practice, social missions should be sacrificed for profitability so that microfinance institutions (MFIs) could achieve sustainability and competitiveness in the finance market. This paper investigates the potential of integrating waqf and microfinance to allay the challenge of balancing social responsibility (outreach) and financial sustainability within Islamic MFIs. Additionally, it analyses the Sharīʿah compliance requirements underpinning this integration. Design/Methodology/Approach — This study adopts a qualitative method of inquiry, utilising an inductive approach to understand the conceptual framework of waqf and financial inclusion and in discussing Sharīʿah compliance aspects of socially-oriented instruments in socio-economic development. Findings — The research finds some historical antecedents to evidence the inherent social mission of waqf which, if integrated with microfinance, ensures the sustainability of Islamic MFIs. This affirms that outreach and sustainability may not be mutually exclusive under waqf and Islamic microfinance integration. Originality/Value — This study, through historical antecedents and contemporary practices, establishes that waqf and microfinance integration can address the sustainability of the Islamic microfinance industry and preserve its social mission.

Tax revenue from Pillar One Amount A: country-by-country estimates

AbstractThis paper presents first-round simulations of the tax revenues arising from the Pillar One Amount A proposal of the G20/OECD inclusive framework on base erosion and profit shifting for 2016–2025. Amount A aims at revising taxing rights on multinational enterprises with at least €20 billion in revenue and profitability above 10%. We consider the latest available Pillar One Amount A rules as detailed in the “Multilateral Convention to Implement Amount A of Pillar One” (OECD 2023b). In a first step, we identify the multinationals that would be “covered” under Pillar One Amount A. Then, by combining micro and macro data sources, we create a database that approximates these Covered Groups’ worldwide distribution of destination-based revenues, profits, employees, and tangible assets. Destination-based revenues serve to reallocate Amount A profits across jurisdictions. Finally, we account for double taxation relief to obtain country-level net revenue estimates from Pillar One Amount A. The aggregate additional tax revenue arising from Pillar One Amount A varies from €5.7 billion in 2020 to €10.9 billion in 2022. We provide country-specific estimate ranges and a comparison to digital taxes. The trade-off between Amount A and digital taxes is unclear and may vary from one country to another. Testing for the implications of various provisions of Amount A rules, we observe that the extent of taxing rights redistribution is seriously affected by the Marketing and Distribution Safe Harbour (MDSH), while the profit reallocated to low and lower-middle-income jurisdictions crucially depends on the tail-end revenues provision.

Effectiveness of interprofessional development of foundational lactation open education resources

The purpose of this manuscript is to share the interprofessional development of foundational lactation open education resources (OERs) for prebriefing prior to simulation. A team of health faculty, students, and practitioners developed five lactation modules with an Equity Diversity Inclusion (EDI) framework representing diverse families. Participants (n=1453) answered a survey at the end of the OER modules including a variety of healthcare professional faculty, students, practitioners, and parents. The process of development, effectiveness, and usability of these modules were used for prebriefing prior to teaching/learning opportunities. The findings from use of the five OERs provide descriptive data on the usefulness for interprofessional education and professional development. The creation of five OER lactation modules provide an equity and inclusion lens to model consistent approaches to support the needs of diverse families allowing interprofessional students to develop shared mental models and psychological safety prior to clinical experiences.

Navigating gendered spaces: a feminist phenomenological exploration of women entrepreneurs lived experiences within government support agencies

PurposeThis article explores women entrepreneurs' lived experiences in their interactions with government enterprise support agencies. It investigates the relationship between gendering and Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), as a normative orientation adopted at the institutional level and justified by an economic rationale. It also explores how women entrepreneurs articulate their experiences through embodied metaphors and image schemas, shedding light on how they navigate the institutional entrepreneurial space.Design/methodology/approachThis study is framed within the concept of Phenomenological Orientation as conceptualised in feminist phenomenology. It applies Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, a qualitative methodology focused on interpreting accounts of first-person lived experiences of a phenomenon. It combines IPA with Conceptual Metaphor Theory to understand women's articulation of their embodied relationship within the entrepreneurial space.FindingsFindings reveal that the entrepreneurial orientation functions as a gendering process within entrepreneurial institutions, reinforcing masculine hegemonic ideals and marginalising women entrepreneurs. Women's phenomenological orientations often diverge from the normative entrepreneurial orientation, highlighting the need for a more inclusive framework in institutional entrepreneurial spaces.Research limitations/implicationsThis article contributes to women's entrepreneurship literature by underlining the temporal dimension of entrepreneurship and the tension that underpins their interactions with government support bodies. It calls for inclusive policies and procedures to match the heterogeneity of orientations. While highlighting its limitations, it also suggests future research directions to deepen the understanding of entrepreneurship and inform more suitable support structures for all entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by shedding light on the nuanced interplay between gendering, entrepreneurial orientation, and women entrepreneurs' lived experiences. It extends previous research by framing “orientation” within a temporality framework, offering a novel perspective on the gendering of entrepreneurial spaces.

A conceptual framework of service quality on patient’s behavioral assessment: Insight from Pakistan

The healthcare sector is progressively modest and patients expect higher service quality; therefore, healthcare practitioners’ and academic researchers’ attention upsurges in exploring service quality, intensifying satisfaction and generating behavioral intention. Despite the significance of the healthcare sector and the importance of quality-related matters, there is a paucity of research and publications dealing with healthcare service quality. This conceptual review evaluates the service quality in Pakistani healthcare sector rendering patients’ perspective. The proposed model emphasizes patients’ switching intention caused by poor or inadequate service quality through intervening constructs of satisfaction and alternative attractiveness. Additionally, current review explored the alternative attractiveness as mediator which was neglected in healthcare context. The model also attempts to propose the association between alternative attractiveness and outcome variable by switching costs regarding patients’ perspectives. The conceptual framework enables hospital managers to comprehend how patients assess healthcare quality provided in the presence of alternatives. The perception of patients would assist them in allocating healthcare resources and hospital management attain performance feedback through service quality parameters. Present review developed an inclusive framework as a novel injector in healthcare sector for patients’ perceived service quality.

Reaching the European 2030 poverty target: The imperative to balance the EU social agenda

Reaching the three targets of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) Action Plan is the litmus test for effective EPSR implementation. While the EPSR puts forward a prima facie balance between employment, equal opportunities and social protection, two important questions arise: a) whether and to what extent the resources available at EU level are sufficiently balanced across the different dimensions of the EPSR; and b) which implications this may have for achieving the 2030 poverty target. Analysing the three domains of the EPSR, its Action Plan and the wider EU legal framework of the principles contained in the EPSR, the paper argues that abundant EU resources are available for the areas of equality and employment, but fewer for social inclusion. The empirical evidence on poverty trends over the past decades, however, points to important successes in terms of employment and (gender) equality, but not with respect to social inclusion: a significant increase in employment and defeminisation of poverty have been accompanied by greater precarity for low-skilled men and women. Particularly striking is the rise in the risk of poverty among jobless households, linked with the weakening of the poverty reduction capacity of social protection for this group. Meeting the European social inclusion targets will thus require policies that duly focus on strengthening the framework for social inclusion and social protection.

New Pillar to Address Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalization of the Economy

Traditional international tax rules empower a source state to tax non-residents who have a strong physical connection to that state. Digitalized business models reduce, or even eliminate, the need for a physical presence to conduct economic activities in the state where customers are located. This change has created significant challenges for tax administrations, and many jurisdictions have adopted unilateral digital services taxes to increase collection from digitalized businesses. The OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework aims to reform the ‘outdated’ international tax rules by promoting the Pillar One project on the tax challenges of digitalization in order to enable greater taxing rights by market jurisdiction. However, Pillar One seems to foster uncertainty rather than reassurance. This article considers the possibility of coordinating digital services taxes among individual jurisdictions: instead of focusing on the uncertainty and complexity of Pillar One, the OECD could use the Inclusive Framework to provide guidance on the collection of digital services taxes to protect taxing rights of market states and prevent double taxation of multinational enterprises.