Ideological Framework Research Articles

“I Live Here”: How Residents of Color Experience Racialized Surveillance and Diversity Ideology in a Liberal Predominantly White Neighborhood

In many liberal predominantly white neighborhoods, white residents view their communities as inclusive yet they also engage in racialized surveillance to monitor individuals they perceive as outsiders. Some of these efforts center on people of color in neighborhood open spaces. We use a diversity ideology framework to analyze this contradiction, paying particular attention to how residents of color experience racialized surveillance of their neighborhood’s publicly accessible parks and swimming pools. This article draws on data from neighborhood documents, neighborhood digital platforms, and interviews with residents of a liberal, affluent, predominantly white community that was expressly designed with public spaces open to non-residents. We find that resident surveillance of neighborhood public spaces is racialized, occurs regularly, and happens in person and on neighborhood online platforms where diversity as liability rhetoric is conveyed using colorblind discourse. These monitoring efforts, which are at times supported by formal measures, impact residents of color to varying degrees. We expand on diversity ideology by identifying digital and in-person racialized surveillance as a key mechanism by which white residents attempt to enforce racialized boundaries and protect whiteness in multiracial spaces and by highlighting how Black and Latinx residents, in particular, navigate these practices.

Review: The Palestinian Idea: Film, Media and the Radical Imagination, by Greg A. Burris

Review: The Palestinian Idea: Film, Media and the Radical Imagination, by Greg A. Burris

РЕСУРСЫ МЕНЕДЖЕРИЗМА ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ (ПО ОЦЕНКАМ ЭКСПЕРТОВ ЮЖНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА)

The analysis carried out in the article based on the results of an expert survey made it possible to assess the resource potential of municipal employees to ensure managerial efficiency within the framework of managerial ideology. Three components were assessed: the physical, human and social capital of the municipal service. The authors conclude that the choice of managerism to improve the efficiency of municipal management can hardly be called rational due to the lack of sufficient resources to work within this management model.

Reclaiming Socialist Space, Caricaturing Socialism? Urban Interventions and the Cleansing of Political Content in State‐Socialist Public Housing After 2008

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of retro‐utopian urbanism to analyse post‐2008 urban interventions in three state‐socialist public housing neighbourhoods in Eastern Europe. Through a comparative study of Petržalka (Bratislava, Slovakia), Lasnamäe (Tallinn, Estonia) and Bródno (Warsaw, Poland), I examine different approaches to combating the stigma associated with socialist housing. It is shown that these urban interventions are a double‐edged sword, in that they challenge the widespread notion that socialist urbanism is totalitarian by weakening the significance of socialist ideas. The article argues that urban interventions contribute to foreclosing socialist alternatives in the present when they normalise “postsocialism”, a term I use to refer to neoliberal capitalism’s ideological framework that sees socialism as obsolete. The concept of retro‐utopian urbanism provides a lens through which to reflect on the limitations and challenges of urban interventionism, and to rethink the debate on, and the persistence of, postsocialism in and beyond Eastern Europe.

Post-Crisis Reckoning: Making Sense of Early 21st-Century Civilizational Ruptures

Abstract As the world is struggling with the Covid crisis and its numerous aftereffects, it is easy to forget that the present pandemic is only the latest of a whole series of paradigm-changing 21st-century crises. Indeed, the word “crisis” has become one of the key concepts for the understanding of the early 21st century. Thus, crisis seems very much to be the default position of the 21st century, the new norm. In this paper, I argue that the 21st century has a recognizably different cultural logic from what the previous one had: most of our social, ideological, political, financial, and ecological paradigms are either changing or will (or must) change soon. As most of our critical concepts, intellectual tools, and ideological frameworks were made during the boom years of the late 20th century, they are clearly outdated and inadequate today. Thus, in this paper, through taking account of these shifting intellectual and artistic paradigms, I attempt to indicate how the present crisis of knowledge and sense-making may be turned into a process of knowing and making sense of crisis, and thus help us meet the challenges of the new century. It is often through these fault-lines, breakdowns, and inconsistencies of our narratives that one may recognize those pre-crisis assumptions that we have to critically re-evaluate and update in order to understand the new century.1

Pidgins and Creoles: Debates and Issues

This article identifies and presents the main debates and issues that are generating interest in the field of creole studies. It is composed of two main sections. The first one presents the debates currently stimulating creolistics: the nature of pidgins and creoles and the relation between the two, the sociological and typological distinction between pidgins and creoles, the various theories explaining their origin, and their transformation through time. The second part raises issues linked to the social life of these languages, an area of research that, though present since the beginning of creolistics, has remained limited. Using the framework of linguistic ideology, this review surveys the social status of pidgins and creoles, the prejudices that exclude them from being used at schools, and their lack of linguistic legitimacy. It concludes with a discussion of pidgins and creoles on social media.

Christian Arab nationalism between ideology and pragmatism the Greek Orthodox Patriarch Of Antioch Gregorios IV in the First World War

ABSTRACT Whether for his political choices or his philanthropic activities, Gregorios IV Haddad, the Patriarch of Antioch and the Whole East 1906–1924, is still remembered as a strong supporter of Arabism. Arab nationalist historiography overwhelmingly locates Gregorios’s story within the ideological framework of Arabism nationalism. This ideological interpretation, however, simplifies the intricate political reality in the final decade of Ottoman rule in Syria, a period characterized by a multiplicity of identities including Ottomanism, Arabism and Islamism. More importantly, it downplays Gregorios’s political brilliance and pragmatic approach in running the affairs of the Greater Syrian Christians, a minority community that was subject to suspicion and censorship during critical historical junctures. This article examines some of the ways in which a leader of a religious minority navigated the political upheavals that characterized the Ottoman Empire’s last decade of power in Greater Syria. It will show that Gregorois’s sense of responsibility for his community obliged him to prioritize pragmatism over nationalist ideology in order to best respond to the political circumstances of the time.

Scientific Framework of Nahdlatul Ulama Education and Its Contribution to the Development of National Education

The existence of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is inseparable from education. The birth of NU itself is also driven by the kyai who are also leaders in Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). The growth of NU can be said to be in line with the growth and the development of pesantren educational institutions, madrasa educational institutions, and schools under the auspices of the Ma'arif institution. From year to year, the number of pesantren, madrasas, and schools managed by NU and also nahdliyin(communities who affiliate with NU organization) is increasing. This shows that NU, in terms of education, has made many scientific contributions to the Indonesian nation. This article is intended to explain the contribution of NU in education in Indonesia. The study is directed at describing the history of the development of NU as an Islamic religious organization, the scientific and ideological framework that is used as the basis for thinking and behaving, as well as the development of NU educational institutions in the context of realizing the goals of national education.

The great social experiment: when dreams did not turn into reality

The great social experiment in building socialism, which was supposed to develop into communism, was based on a number of attractive political myths, for the creation of which a special symbolic universe was created, a wide range of various sign systems were involved, among which language played the most important role: as a means of creating a political myth and the means of its constant feeding (the myth-making function of the language). This allowed (in conjunction with other means of subjugating the totalitarian state) for a long period to manipulate the consciousness of the masses, educating the younger generation in the given ideological framework. However, being the most important means of creating myths, language at the same time has enormous potential for its destruction. An analysis of texts criticizing the political ideology prevailing in the Soviet empire allowed us to single out two main types of myth-destroying texts: 1) texts criticizing the existing order (anecdotes, caricatures, parodies, political fables, etc.) and 2) texts that destroy the “information vacuum» (photographic documents, archival documents, autobiographies, etc.). The artistic works of dissidents of socialist ideology (Vladimir Vysotsky, Nikolai Guberman, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Mikhail Bulgakov, etc.), which often combined both functions, had a special appellative-influencing force. Analysis of the role of language in the creation of myth as a socio-cultural phenomenon on the example of the myths of the Soviet era in the context of modern globalization of knowledge and the interdisciplinary scientific paradigm demonstrated the semiotic mechanism of myth creation and the dynamics of their destruction.

The #MustFall movements and traditions of national liberation in South Africa: Political continuities and ruptures in theory and practice

ABSTRACT The #MustFall campaigns attacked symbols of the past – physical but also mental legacies of the colonial and apartheid periods – using specific disruption mechanisms along with ideological frameworks that are sometimes consciously and/or unconsciously borrowed from previous generations of South African students. In that respect, the students claim a continuity of their present day struggle with that led in the 1970s under the banner of Black Consciousness. All the while, the born-frees completely reject the main outcome of the struggle for National Liberation – that is, the negotiated settlement signed by Nelson Mandela and F.W De Klerk in the 1990s, which could appear paradoxical. The aim of this article is to shed light on both the continuities and ruptures between the #MF campaigns and traditions of national liberations in order to discuss the political practices they entail in a post/decolonial context. Theoretical shifts in #MF notably through the engagement with concepts such as intersectionality, non-racialism and decolonization had certainly a great impact on their modes and means of protest. This comparative analysis may lead to a deeper understanding of the different interpretations of decolonization in practice between generations and the nature of the discrepancies not only between but also within political traditions of liberation .

Gimgema: civil servants’ evaluation, power and ideology in EPRDF Ethiopia

ABSTRACT During its 28 years of rule, the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) had built a strong system for controlling the Ethiopian state and civil society. This article looks at how the party first managed to keep control over the civil service. It analyses the functioning of civil servants’ evaluations called gimgema. Such evaluations comprise the filling of evaluation forms and sessions of criticisms and self-criticisms during which bureaus’ employees have to publicly acknowledge their mistakes and accuse colleagues. Bureau heads who are also party officials then decide on the employee’s future. The article describes the functioning of gimgema, its political efficiency, and some resistance strategies put in force by state agents. Born in a Marxist-Leninist ideological framework, gimgema is an Ethiopian variation on the global socialist evaluation theme, now fitting perfectly with neoliberal injunctions to ‘good governance’, ‘commitment’ and ‘transparency’. As a symbol of the EPRDF’s ideological evolution, gimgema exemplifies the ideological indeterminacy of government techniques.

Religious Pluralism in the Framework of Pancasila Ideology

This study aims to explore the value of Pluralism to strengthen the unity of the nation's diversity. Ignorance of cultural values originating from the values of Pancasila is a mistake as a citizen who believes in God because Pancasila is in line with religious values. Pluralism is not just about diversity, but the involvement of diversity itself.Awareness of this plurality will lead to an attitude of mutual understanding of beliefs between citizens and in turn morality will be realized. This research method is qualitative in nature which examines various writings, both books and journals related to Pancasila education, pluralism, multicultural education, and the diversity of Indonesian society.The results of this study found that (1) in a democratic country such as Indonesia, which has the uniqueness of Pancasila democracy, pluralism must be a strength, because without pluralism, the concept of democracy will not be established in Indonesia, (2) through inter-religious education based on culture can prevent penetration outside culture (westernization) and wise use of technology can prevent potential divisions, and (3) Pancasila is a reference to reduce excessive fanaticism and encourage religious activities with respect for other religious people.The implication of this study is that diversity in Indonesia is unique and must be accepted by citizens by respecting each other between religious communities.

An argument for using the Earth Charter Principles as ideological framing in award winning children’s literature

As long as literature has been specifically aimed at children questions have been raised about ideological representations in children’s literature. Award-winning children’s literature generally upholds contemporary standards of moral ideologies in the text. Ideological representations of sustainability and justice are yet to be fully accommodated in the judging criteria of children’s literary awards. The Earth Charter proposes a framework of responsibility for ‘a sustainable global society founded on respect for nature, universal human rights, economic justice and a culture of peace’. This paper proposes an argument for adopting the sixteen principles of the Earth Charter as an ideological framework for selecting award-winning children’s books. The 2018 Australian Children’s Book Council Award for Early Childhood is used as the case for analysis. The award-winning book is analysed using an Ideological Framework for Earth Charter Principles. This framework is adapted from McCallum and Stephens’ (2011) model of Ideological Framing in Children’s Literature. Our analysis revealed that this award-winning book both upholds and violates Earth Charter principles. This paper provides an argument for excluding books from award honours if they violate the principles of the Earth Charter without redefining or resolving the violations. For award-winning children’s literature to stand the test of time, the selection of texts could be referenced to an aspirational document like the Earth Charter that advocates justice for a sustainable future.

A Response to the Roundtable of American Studies Journals from the Editorial Board of the Revue Française d’Études Américaines

What is immediately striking in the stimulating responses to this roundtable discussion is their relative agreement with regard to many of the pressing challenges and imperatives of journal culture in our present academic moment. For better or for worse, it appears that we have somewhat left behind the agonistic years of competing ideological frameworks—whether sociopolitical, theoretical, or more often a complex interweaving of both—that so informed many ongoing “journal wars,” pitting acade...

Islamic Literature: And it’s study of Terms and Concepts

The research offers description and analysis of the term “Islamic literature” and its concept. It also sheds light on the whole terminological and conceptual dimensions of this main concept in contemporary literary criticism and literary history as a new old concept. It defines characteristics of the Islamic perception that backs up the concept under study, forming its ideological framework and ideological background, which are presented by Rabbaniyah or God's attributes of lordship, stability, realism, monotheism, positivity, balance and inclusiveness .Based on these characteristics and features, the research displays attributes and features of Islamic literature as a purposeful guided renewable open literature that is connected and committed to belief. The research is also touches on most prominent arts of Islamic literature such as: poetry and prose. The research also delves into the most important continuing experiences in poem, novel story writing, in addition to its manifestation through theatre. ...The study, depending on previous points, paves the way towards - building a theory of Islamic literature that works on promoting an alternative universal literature that could replace all troubled human literature.

Jihadists’ Use and Pursuit of Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Comparative Study of Al-Qaeda and Islamic State’s Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Weapons Programs

This article compares and contrasts the Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) weapons programs of Al-Qaeda and Islamic State through the framework of organizational structure, typology, ideology and CBRN incidents (selected case studies). A three-step CBRN model explaining the use of CBRN weapons by both groups is proposed. This model suggests that the use of CBRN weapons is predicated on three factors: leadership at the strategic level; acquisition of material at the operational level and technical capabilities at the tactical level. It is found that the failure of both groups in developing and carrying out large-scale CBRN attacks boils down primarily to the lack of technical capabilities and the difficulties associated with acquisition of materials. It is argued that the future CBRN threat landscape will likely be dominated by the threat of small-scale, localized attacks using crude chemical or biological agents by lone actors or autonomous cells as opposed to larger-scale centrally directed attacks.

Funerary Practices as a Testimony of Ideology in Western Linearbandkeramik Culture

Abstract The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) is behind the spread of the Neolithic way of life in a large part of Western Europe. This period is often regarded as the beginning of social inequalities whose ideological frameworks deserve to be highlighted. According to social anthropologists, funerary practices are relevant for this debate as they reflect the symbolic thought in relation to death. In addition, as they are perpetuated by the living, funerary practices are pertinent in addressing the ideological values, symbolic systems, and thoughts that support social organisation. Whilst examining how grave goods are allocated amongst the LBK population, we have identified a small group of dominant men characterised by a specific burial kit (adzes, arrows, lighter set, and red deer antlers), a richer protein intake in diet, and their local origin. Comparing them to other social categories characterised by minor marking of identity in grave goods, poorer protein intake in diet, and of diverse origin, we aim to explore the ideological frameworks and values sustaining the social LBK system. LBK dominant ideology appears to revolve around hunting and exploits in warfare, manhood, and virility, in short around violent behaviours perhaps linked to a territorial competition.

Consequential choices: A language ideological perspective on learners' (non‐)adoption of a dialectal variant

AbstractThis article employs a language ideological framework to explore how particular language attitudes and beliefs shaped one group of U.S. students' choices to avoid producing a dialectal variant, Castilian Spanish [θ], in the context of an undergraduate Spanish pronunciation class. An analysis of ethnographic data points to the significance of three common beliefs that frame the appropriate use of [θ] in idealized monolingual terms that are incongruous with a U.S. national identity. The instructor mobilized these beliefs at key moments to establish normative expectations that discouraged learners from producing [θ]. Students also alluded to these beliefs and the consequences of being unable to use [θ] appropriately to explain their decisions to eschew this variant following the class. These findings suggest that language attitudes and beliefs shape learners' choices to adopt dialectal variants in production as an effect of language ideologies on the L2 development of phonology and sociolinguistic competence.

Anti-modernism, anti-globalisation, and ‘the Russian National Idea’ in radical Siberian Neo-Paganism: a case study of Rodoslavie

ABSTRACT Since the second half of the twentieth century, the Neo-Pagan movement has developed into a significant cultural phenomenon throughout the globe. This article investigates the Pagan ‘renaissance’ in contemporary Russia, focusing on several movements with nationalistic, anti-modernist, and anti-globalist features. Rodoslavie, a lesser known movement with distinct local features, is presented as a representative example. This article describes the historical establishment, development, and collapse of this movement in Russia in the late 1990s and early 2000s, its social and cultural basis as well as its ideological framework. It focuses on the social-political and social-philosophical views of Rodoslavie and similar Russian Neo-Pagan movements (some are representatives of Rodnoverie). Social and utopian ideals of Rodoslavie (the ‘people’s monarchy’) and its ethnocentric interpretation of ‘the Russian National Idea’ are studied from this point of view. The study reveals messianic reminiscences inherited from monotheistic traditions and Islamic influences on the worldviews of Rodoslavie followers and their project known as ‘Exodus’.

A Tale of Two Bridges: The Poetry and Politics of Infrastructure in Nineteenth-Century Wales

Abstract Drawing on Brian Larkin’s concept of ‘infrastructural poetics’, this article considers and compares a selection of English- and Welsh-language poems, by writers including Eliza Mary Hamilton, Frederick Faber, Richard Llwyd, and Eben Fardd, about two nineteenth-century infrastructures that transformed North Wales and Great Britain’s relationship to Ireland: the Menai Suspension Bridge (1826), and the Britannia Tubular Bridge (1850). I argue that these non-canonical poems complement perspectives derived from parliamentary records, official reports, technical planning documents, scientific manuals, and journalism, enhancing our understanding of the nineteenth-century infrastructural imagination. Specifically, building on the association of infrastructural development and modernity, I explore how the poems under discussion participate in nineteenth-century negotiations about Wales’s place and future in the United Kingdom, and how these negotiations evolved between 1819 and 1852. I show that, although Wales was the site of impressive engineering feats and accelerating industrial extraction, English-language poems present the Menai Bridge in picturesque terms, drawing on popular images of the Celtic fringe that evoke timeless, ideal beauty. Anglophone verse about Britannia Bridge, by contrast, focuses explicitly on the infrastructure’s technological modernity but claims it as an English landmark. Both strategies, I suggest, effect an erasure of Wales – as a distinct cultural and political entity – from a future conceived as Anglo-British. Poems written in Welsh, and the work of Welsh writers in English, complicate this picture, not because they reject British nationalism and imperialism, but because they seek to embed a modern Welsh nation more centrally within those political and ideological frameworks.