Framework Of Alliances Research Articles

Czynnik tajwańsko-chiński w strategii i polityce Francji wobec Indo-Pacyfiku

THE TAIWANESE-CHINESE FACTOR IN FRANCE’S STRATEGY AND POLICY TOWARDS THE INDO-PACIFIC The aim of this article is to provide a synthetic overview of France’s involvement into the Indo-Pacific region, in the context of the protection of important national interests related to the possession of overseas territories. This article analyses impact of the French-Chinese bilateral cooperation on relations with Taiwan. The author points out that France has recognized the government of the PRC as the only representative of China since 1964 and does not maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan, emphasizing that this is a permanent position, initiated by General de Gaulle, and cooperation between Paris and Taipei is developed in accordance with the “one China policy.” The second aspect of the analysis of France’s policy and strategy towards the Indo-Pacific region was embedded in the broader framework of political, economic relations and military alliances with Asian countries as an element of promoting a multipolar order and stopping Chinese expansionism in the Indo-Pacific area and strengthening its own geopolitical position against the background of China’s rivalry with United States.

The concept of formation and development trends of the local food industry market in the context of intensifying the integration interaction of its participants

Local food markets represent the interaction of local producers and consumers of food products. Scientists show solidarity, highlighting demand, supply, prices and competition as the main elements of market conditions, and producers and consumers of goods specific to a particular market as the main subjects of market interaction. The peculiarity of the local food market is the concentration of market agents on the territory of a certain region and the implementation of their interaction in accordance with the restrictions and, conversely, the prerequisites for the development of local communities that form the supply and demand of food products, taking into account the technological features of their production. The spread of integration processes leads to the fact that there is competition between integrated structures. Within the framework of alliances and partnerships, the subjects of local markets strengthen their competitive positions by combining the resources, skills, experience, i.e. the competencies of the participants. Actors in food markets have the opportunity to fight for international leadership, gain market positions that ensure the sustainability of their future position. At the same time, there is cooperation between participants who previously competed with each other. The conceptual provisions of the functioning and development of the local food industry market are a set of author's views on the problem of integration interaction of regional actors in the form of holdings, clusters, networks and other geographically localized structures, with the participation of regional economic entities that form and regulate supply and demand in the food industry market in accordance with the targets of regional development, taking into account the limitations and prerequisites for meeting the needs of the population in high-quality food products of their own production.

Diffusion of knowledge in strategic alliance: empirical evidence

This article characterises theoretical problems regarding the essence and exchange of knowledge between enterprises within the framework of strategic alliances. The objective of the conducted empirical research was to identify the relationships between specific features related to obtaining and sharing knowledge and the specificity of cooperating enterprises and the characteristics of an alliance. We also investigated the relationship between the size of partner enterprises, the duration of an alliance, and the type of innovations implemented as a result of the alliance. We tried to predict the probability of introducing a product, process and organizational innovation depending on the size of the company and duration of the alliance, as well as other variables characterising the company and the knowledge obtaining process. The results indicate that the relationship between the size of enterprises participating in an alliance and a favourable evaluation of the acquisition and sharing of knowledge is closer than in the case of the duration of an alliance. The research results also demonstrate that the correlation between the implementation of innovations and the duration of an alliance is stronger than in the case of the enterprise size. Establishing the relationships between the assumed variables for acquiring and sharing knowledge, as well as considering them in relation with the enterprise size and the alliance duration offer an added value to what has already been achieved in this area.

Public land policy and urban planning in Greece: Diachronic continuities and abrupt reversals in a context of crisis

Land ownership determines fundamental interests, prescribing a framework of alliances and oppositions around its development and use. The public sector constitutes one of the main categories of large landowners, although this type of ownership takes more than one form, due to the wide variety of public sector bodies holding property. Public land management became one of the focuses of austerity policies in many European countries after the burst of economic crisis in 2008–2009, externally imposed in those countries that went through bailout programmes. In Greece, the history of land policy shows that a fundamental objective of state policy was the distribution and liquidation of public land, a policy that contributed to the formation of an extensive system of small land ownership. From 2010 onwards, a plethora of formal legislation sought to accelerate development procedures for the remaining large-scale public property, as a background resource to attract large-scale, so-called “strategic”, investments. This paper explores the critical characteristics and outcomes of the reforms to transform public land policy, identifying the interactions with urban planning, before and during the economic crisis. Taking a longer temporal view, the paper highlights the entrenched relationships existing between public land policy, urban planning and property development processes and their significance in the diachronic continuities often concealed in major policy reversals and reforms. It argues that ultimately there is a lack of a coherent and sustainable public property valorisation policy, being deprived of any institutional innovation for new forms of urban development, as well as of social acceptance.

ПІДХОДИ ДО ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СПІВПРАЦІ У МЕЖАХ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ АЛЬЯНСІВ

The approaches to assessing the effectiveness of cooperation in the strategic alliances are explored. The essence of the concept of a strategic alliance is considered, the main features of strategic alliances and motives are outlined, according to which the enterprises form them. The main principles of successful cooperation of enterprises within the framework of strategic alliances are defined. The emphasis is on aspects that should be underlined and aspects that should not be underlined when developing the basics of working together. The prerequisites for assessing the effectiveness of companies' cooperation in a strategic alliance are given. Different approaches to assessing the effectiveness of cooperation within the framework of strategic alliances are considered. Two main groups of approaches to the strategic alliance effectiveness are identified: based on a direct comparison of the cooperation results and resources involved in their achievement, that involves a financial evaluation of the benefits and costs of collaboration; based on indirect assessment of the achieved effects of partnerships, including in the socio-psychological aspect of the results interpretation. The comparative characteristic of cost approaches to an estimation of a synergetic effect is resulted. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are determined. The income approach to the evaluation of the synergy effect is analysed, which allows the most accurate and comprehensive assessment of the cooperation effectiveness within the strategic alliance. It is determined that the most objective method is to assess the synergetic effect, which includes both quantitative and qualitative assessments and the main components of cooperation: operational, investment, market, financial and managerial. It is emphasized that the most actual method for a particular enterprise is individual and based on independently established criteria. As a scientific novelty of work, the improvement of methodical aspects of the evaluation of participation in the alliance was determined, which enables the company to form its own vision and a system for evaluating cooperation.

CUSTOS RELACIONADOS COM A QUALIDADE: CONTRIBUTOS PARA O DESEMPENHO ORGANIZACIONAL

In the 1960s, the technique of Quality-Related Costs (QRCs) arose in an attempt to prove that quality contributed to profitability, which was not a cost but an investment. However, QRCs are no longer counted, since the models have become obsolete, the benefits are unquestionable, and the use of information has been small and of little use to organizations. However, the knowledge and learning society and the entrepreneurial dynamics place the QRCs problem on another level of analysis. This article intends to raise a set of issues, such as: the dimensions and forms of management in the framework of alliances, or in other new organizational solutions; how to assess the costs of process management and the value of intangible assets; and what costs can / should be made autonomous, in a useful way to support management decisions. The quantification of the QRCs established the link between them and the operational and financial results, revealing how quality increases the performance of companies. However, approaches to QRCs need to be rethought and developed to respond to new organizational realities. Some perspectives are advanced and other challenges are proposed to quality and production researchers, because it has been concluded that there are still unexplored potentialities.

Going back to go forwards? From multi-stakeholder cooperatives to Open Cooperatives in food and farming

Many authors have proposed cooperatives as one of the preferred governance structures for realising alternative food systems, being recommended both in farming and also downstream at consumer level. However, recommendations for the cooperative model still draw dividing line between producer and consumer cooperatives. As opposed to conventional agricultural cooperatives (ACs) made up of farmer members only, the multi-stakeholder model brings together producers, consumers and/or restaurateurs under one single enterprise. This paper analyses multi-stakeholder cooperatives’ (MSCs) potential to recreate more sustainable food flows between rural and urban areas and to overcome the limitations of conventional farmer cooperatives focused more on economic than social and environmental benefits. As part of this research, historical data from cooperative archives is used to look at the history and early attempts of multi-stakeholder cooperation in food and farming. Additionally, current supporting evidence from Spain and UK, in the context of European food policy frameworks, is also presented. A four-fold proposal for open cooperatives is discussed and applied to the analysis of the case studies in the framework of global transformative networks and alliances. The introduction of different types of members seems to both complicate and enrich the cooperative mission, both theoretically and in practice. Their networks with other social movements reveal how the MSCs presented are trying to change, rather than adapt to the market economies they struggle to survive in. The findings suggest MSCs in food and farming are striving to achieve more-than-economic benefits and are moving into the arena of the open and pro-commons economy and other global social movements.

The Islamic State: A Clash within the Muslim Civilization for the New Caliphate

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes the political reasons that allowed the Islamic State to expand successfully in Syria and Iraq, by enabling to “franchise” worldwide, and the role of the regional governments in this issue. The article provides a different explanation from the classic approach of the “clash of civilizations” theorized by Samuel P. Huntington, ascribing responsibility for the growth and expansion of the Islamic State to the complex framework of geopolitical alliances within the Muslim civilization and the Arab world. The article highlights the attempt by Turkey to establish itself as a regional power and guidance of the Islamic world, by resurrecting the Caliphate, and, based on this, explains the contrast with the Islamic State, whose goal is the foundation of a globalized Caliphate. The plans of the Turkish President Erdoğan for a Great Turkey, allied with Egypt, have foundered with the coup that ousted the Muslim Brotherhood from power. The study relates the connection of Ankara with the Kurds, regarding the management of the crisis in Syria and Iraq, and the Turkish liaison with regional powers (Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Israel) and other powers (Russia, China, and the United States).

Regional Currency Unions and Supranational Currency

Creation of voluntary regional economic alliances of independent countries was an important area of development of the regional and world economy at the end of XX-th century. They arise as a reaction on the dominance of the world’s few national currencies, playing a world level role. A basic feature characterizes trade relations in the framework of such alliances — a departure from the world’s currencies and the use of specially created regional ones. Practically the main obstacle to the emergence and spread of such unions is instability of regional currencies associated with their binding to one of the national currencies of the country — a member of the Union or to the gold standard. The article describes the theoretical solution and practical mechanism for creating independent of any national currency or gold, a supranational currency. The purchasing power of such a currency is determined by a specially created benchmark of purchasing power. It is demonstrated that the currency of this type allows using regional currencies without discrimination of member countries of the regional union. Also, there are given arguments about the prospect of using such currencies as the world’s.

Strategic Collaboration Between Nonprofits and Businesses

Collaboration between nonprofits and businesses is increasing and becoming more strategically important. Based on 15 case studies, this article presents a cross-sector collaboration framework consisting of four components. First, the collaboration continuum provides a conceptual framework for categorizing different types of partnerships and studying their possible evolution through three principal stages: philanthropic, transactional, and integrative. Second, the collaboration value construct facilitates the analysis of the definition, creation, balance, and renewal of the value generated in different types of alliances. Third, a set of alliance drivers is identified that determines the nature and functioning of the partnerships. Fourth, alliance enablers that contribute to the effective management of the relationship are set forth. The article discusses the dynamics of the alliance marketplace. The research builds on and extends existing interorganizational research theories by providing a distinctive conceptual framework and new empirical understanding of cross-sector alliances. Future research needs are identified.

The Disintegration of the Austrian Empire

Half a century after the overthrow of one of Europe's oldest dynasties, the historic role and the achievements of its multinational empire are once again debated by historians everywhere. It is as if the experience of the second world war and our inability to conclude it with a more satisfactory settlement than the previous one were making us reconsider and question the assumptions and policies of the peacemakers of 1919. This renewed interest can be seen in the West, as for example in the United States, where the renascence of 'Habsburg Studies' leads to rather favourable reappraisals, while British historians still incline to the traditional anti-Austrian line. But more significantly still, the same process of historic revision is at work in the succession states, where it is becoming increasingly common to conduct rational debates free of cliches and emotive language. The explanation for this phenomenon is not merely the nostalgia felt by immigrants from Central Europe and their descendants, nor is it the relief felt by intellectuals cautiously moving out of the Stalinist strait-jacket. It is more likely perplexity at the nature of a region which since the end of the Austro-Hungarian regime has defied all efforts to renew its former pattern and has refused to be federated or absorbed whether in a western framework of treaties and alliances as after I918, under German leadership as in the thirties, or by Nazi or Soviet force as in the forties and fifties; and it does not appear that communism has provided a unifying drive in our time. Central Europe is simply not ready for unity. Like the pre-war Little and Balkan Ententes, which were purely diplomatic constructions and never engaged popular sympathy, so the war-time plans for federating parts or even the whole of the region, which were the work of exiled Czech, Polish, and Balkan leaders, remained academic exercises which their peoples were un-