Tissue Fragments Research Articles

First report of Fusarium falciforme and Fusarium pernambucanum causing root and stem rot on papaya plants in Brazil.

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the major fruit crops of northeast Brazil, with an average annual production of 571,693 tons (IBGE, 2022). In August 2023, papaya plants (hybrid Tainung 01) in the production stage showed dark brown symptoms on roots and stems, wilt progression, and collapse of the plants (disease incidence of 20 - 50 % in sampled fields). Samples were collected from six production farms located in Apodi, Baraúna, and Caraúbas municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte state and Aracati in Ceará state. Small fragments of symptomatic tissues were surface sterilized sequentially in ethanol 70 % (1 sec), sodium hypochlorite 2.5 % (60 secs), and sterilized water. The fragments were placed in potato dextrose agar (PDA), supplemented with 0.05 % tetracycline, and incubated at 28° C with 12 hours of photoperiod for five days. Monosporic cultures were obtained from 10 isolates of Fusarium, characterized by morphology. The translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB2) genes were partially amplified by PCR and sequenced from all isolates - the sequences were deposited in GenBank (PP723773.1 - PP723792.1). Maximum-parsimony tree was built in the Software MEGA (Version 11.0.10) (Tamura et al. 2021) with the concatenated partial sequences. The species were morphologically characterized in PDA (10 days), Spezieller Nährstoffarmer agar (SNA) (10 days), and carnation leaf agar (CLA) (30 days) (Leslie & Summerell, 2006). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven isolates are most closely related to F. falciforme (99 % bootstrap), and three isolates are most closely related to F. pernambucanum (99 % bootstrap). The morphological characters of the isolates correlated with the original descriptions of each species (Leslie & Summerell, 2006). Pathogenicity tests were performed on 45-day-old papaya seedlings (hybrid Tainung 01) using the infested soil method (Lefèvre & Souza, 1993). Autoclaved substrate was infested with fragments of PDA from each isolate colony and incubated for seven days to create the inoculum. Then, 36 g L-1 of inoculum was added to each pot, in which a papaya seedling was planted, and grown for 60 days under greenhouse conditions (33°C ± 5°). The experiment was conducted twice, each time five plants were inoculated with each isolate, and five plants were left uninoculated (mock). Symptoms on stems appeared 30 days after inoculation, while on roots it took 60 days. F. falciforme and F. pernambucanum caused identical symptoms in the field and in our pathogenicity test. No symptoms were observed on plants from the mock treatment. The pathogens were re-isolated from the necrotic tissue and re-identified, morphologically and through Sanger sequencing as described above, to fulfill Koch's postulates. Correia et al. (2013) reported the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) as the etiologic agent of stem rot in C. papaya in Brazil; however, they weren't able to identify the isolates at the species level. In our studies, we identified F. falciforme (FSSC 3 + 4) and F. pernambucanum (Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex 17) as the pathogens causing this disease in northeast Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. falciforme and F. pernambucanum causing root and stem rot on papaya plants in Brazil. This study will help papaya growers and plant pathologists to better understand the causal agents of this disease complex in Brazil to develop disease management strategies.

Ultrasound and fluoroscopy co-guided removal of extravascular stripped central line guidewire fragments.

Inadvertent retention of guidewire is an infrequent but well recognized complication with central line insertion and other interventional procedures. The fragment can either embolize within the vascular system or get retained in soft tissues adjacent to the vein. Occasionally, the guidewire may be stripped owing to forceful pulling over the puncture needle during the procedure. Retention of such stripped guidewire fragments in soft tissues may remain undetected unless the wire is carefully inspected. While removal of the intravascular guidewire fragments via snare devices is well documented in literature, surgical removal of the fragments lodged in soft tissues may not always be feasible owing to the close proximity to vascular structures or may require extensive exploration for deep-seated fragments, which necessitates using general anesthesia in the pediatric population. Image guided removal may be utilized as a useful alternative for overcoming such issues. We report a case of image guided removal of stripped femoral central line fragments embedded in the soft tissue in a pediatric patient.

Intraoperative Frozen Section Biopsy for the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Transmural Intestinal Intermediate T-Cell Canine Lymphoma

Intestinal lymphoma is characterized by a malignant lymphoid neoplasm with multifactorial causes, variable clinical symptoms, and, in some cases, rapid progression. This article describes a case of intestinal lymphoma in a dog that had a history of diarrhea lasting two months, accompanied by episodes of hematochezia, which was treated using the CHOP 19 protocol. A seven-year-old male Golden Retriever presented to a veterinary clinic with clinical signs of diarrhea, prostration, and the presence of bloody feces, as reported by the owner. Initial examinations, including hematology, serum biochemistry, and imaging, revealed an abnormal structure in the intestinal region. Considering the circumstances, a surgical procedure was conducted with the aid of a trans-surgical frozen section biopsy. This biopsy aimed to verify the presence of the neoplasm, assess the suspected diagnosis, evaluate the viability of the surgical margins, and determine the possibility of expanding the surgical area. An enterectomy with enteroanastomosis and trans-surgical biopsy was performed, leading to an initial diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma. The tissue fragment was sent for immunohistochemistry, which ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal T-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent the CHOP protocol for 19 weeks, but during the maintenance phase, abdominal ultrasound examination findings indicated tumor recurrence. Despite being informed of the potential benefits of further chemotherapy, the owner opted not to continue treatment for the animal. Frozen section biopsy can help with diagnosis during surgery, avoiding more invasive procedures and the removal of lymph nodes, since in some cases, the systemic treatment of the disease is recommended.

The tRF-33/IGF1 axis dysregulates mitochondrial homeostasis in HER2-negative breast cancer.

Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a recently identified noncoding RNA subset, are mainly classified into transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs). tsRNAs dysregulation is frequently observed in numerous cancer types, suggesting involvement in tumorigenesis. However, their functions in breast cancer (BC) remain to be fully understood. Here, it was discovered that tRF-33-MEF91SS2PMFI0Q (tRF-33), derived from mature tRNA-LysTTT, was markedly upregulated in human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2)-negative BC cells and tissue samples. tRF-33 stimulated the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of BC cells in vitro and facilitated tumor progression in vivo. Mechanistically, tRF-33 was found for the first time to bind directly to the 3'-UTR of IGF1, resulting in downregulation of both its mRNA and protein and thus affecting mitochondrial homeostasis and progression of BC. These results demonstrate a novel tsRNA modulatory mechanism and a potential direction for treating HER2-negative BC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we identified differential expression of tRNA fragments in HER2-negative BC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, observing significant upregulation of an i-tRF type tRF-33-MEF91SS2PMFI0Q (tRF-33) in the tumor tissue. We also found that tRF-33 promoted tumorigenesis in BC cells. We demonstrated for the first time that IGF1 was a target gene of tRF-33 and also showed that the tRF-33/IGF1 axis impaired mitochondrial dynamics, thus affecting mitochondrial homeostasis and promoting HER2-negative BC progression.

296. MDR Risk Index: Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Probability Score for General Hospitals

Abstract Background This research endeavors to shed light on the intricate relationship between hospitalization dynamics and the probability of acquiring multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) by introducing a predictive tool, the Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Probability Score.Figure 1.Estimated Risk of MDR (Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria): Point Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals. Methods We processed cultures in the hospital laboratory using automated systems and/or microdilution methods, adhering to the BR-cast guidelines. We utilized a logistic regression model to analyze four predictive variables for MDR: length of hospitalization until the collection of biological material (days), previous hospitalization (yes/no), duration of previous hospital stays (days), and admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (yes/no). The assessment focused on 7 outcomes: MDR (any type), resistance to Meropenem (RMER), production of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), production of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), resistance to Polymyxin (RPOL), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Figure 2.Logistic Regression Models Estimating MDR Risk: Results for Each Type of MDR Bacteria. Results A total of 4,247 biological samples were collected from Nov/2022 to Nov/2023: Urine (46%), Blood (12%), Tissue Fragments (11%), Bronchoalveolar Lavage (6%), Perianal Swabs (6%), Tracheal Aspirates (4%), Nasal Swabs (3%), Abdominal Fluid (2%), Tips of Central or Umbilical Catheters (2%), Wound Secretions (1%), and Other (3%). Approximately one-third (35%) of the samples were identified as MDR. Unadjusted MDR risk: 9% RMER, 5% KPC, 8% ESBL, 1% RPOL, 3% VRE, and 4% MRSA (Fig. 1). From the seven outcomes modeled, it was possible to successfully predict five of them (Fig. 2), yielding good results in terms of predictive capability (Fig. 3). However, the modeling was unsuccessful for MRSA and ESBL. Figure 4 shows simulations of MDR risk.Figure 3.ROC Curves for the Five Successful Models Predicting Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDR). Conclusion The duration of hospitalization prior to the collection of biological material emerges as a crucial metric, encapsulating the temporal dimension of patient exposure to potential sources of infection. All five predictive models can be effectively integrated into the patient’s electronic health record. This integration enables the timely prediction of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections, facilitating the implementation of targeted preventive measures based on the assessed risk level.Figure 4.Simulation of MDR Risk Evolution Over Hospitalization Time: Curves Representing MDR Risk by Patient Type Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Electrical Stimulation Generates Induced Tumor-Suppressing Cells, Offering a Potential Option for Combatting Breast Cancer and Bone Metastasis

Treating advanced metastatic cancer, particularly with bone metastasis, remains a significant challenge. In previous studies, induced tumor-suppressing (iTS) cells were successfully generated through genetic, chemical, and mechanical interventions. This study investigates the potential of electrical stimulation to generate iTS cells. Using a custom electrical stimulator with platinum electrodes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Jurkat T cells were stimulated under optimized conditions (50 mV/cm, 10–100 Hz, 1 h). Conditioned medium (CM) from electrically stimulated cells demonstrated tumor-suppressing capabilities, inhibiting tumor cell migration, 3D spheroid growth, and cancer tissue fragment viability. Additionally, the CM reduced osteoclast maturation while promoting osteoblast differentiation. Proteomic analysis revealed enrichment of tumor-suppressing proteins, including histone H4, in the CM. Functional studies identified Piezo1 as a key mediator, as its knockdown significantly impaired the tumor-suppressive effects. Mechanistically, the process was distinct from other methods, such as mechanical vibration, with SUN1 inhibition showing no effect on iTS cell generation by electrical stimulation. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of electrical stimulation in enhancing the antitumor capabilities of MSCs and T cells, offering a novel approach to cancer therapy. Further exploration of this strategy could provide valuable insights into developing new treatments for metastatic cancer.

Multiple lesion inductions intensify central sensitization driven by neuroinflammation in a mouse model of endometriosis.

Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease associated with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Growing evidence indicates that endometriotic lesions are not the sole source of pain. Instead, central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction created by prolonged peripheral and central sensitization plays a role in developing endometriosis-associated CPP. This study investigated how CPP is established using a multiple lesion induction mouse model of endometriosis, as repeated retrograde menstruation is considered underlying endometriosis pathogenesis. We generated endometriosis-like lesions by injecting endometrial tissue fragments into the peritoneal cavity in mice. The mice received a single (1x) or multiple inductions (6x) to simulate recurrent retrograde menstruation. Lesion development, hyperalgesia by behavioral testing, signs of peripheral sensitization, chronic inflammation, and neuroinflammation were examined with lesions, peritoneal fluids, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal codes, and brain. Multiple lesion inductions increased lesion numbers and elevated abdominal and hind paw hypersensitivity compared to single induction mice. Elevated persistent glial cell activation across several brain regions and/or spinal cords was found in the multiple induction mice. Specifically, IBA1+ microglial soma size was increased in the hippocampus and thalamus. IBA1+ cells were abundant in the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus of the multiple induction mice. GFAP+ astrocytes were mainly elevated in the hippocampus. Elevated TRPV1, SP, and CGRP expressions in the DRG were persistent in the multiple induction mice. Furthermore, multiple inductions induced the severe disappearance of TIM4 hi MHCII lo residential macrophages and the influx of increased proinflammatory TIM4 lo MHCII hi macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. The single and multiple inductions elevated secreted TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the peritoneal cavity at 2 weeks. Elevated cytokine levels returned to the pre-induction levels in the single induction mice at 6 weeks; however, they remained elevated in the multiple induction mice. Our results indicate that the repeatedly occurring lesion inductions (=mimic retrograde menstruation) can be a peripheral stimulus that induces nociceptive pain and creates composite chronic inflammatory stimuli to cause neuroinflammation and sensitize the CNS. The circuits of neuroplasticity and stimulation of peripheral organs via a feedback loop of neuroinflammation may mediate widespread endometriosis-associated CPP.

Ex Vivo Propagation of Pinctada Birnavirus Using Mantle Tissue Fragment Culture: Application for Measuring Replication at Different Temperatures, TCID50 Assay, and UV Sensitivity.

Pinctada birnavirus (PiBV) is the causative agent of summer atrophy in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata (Gould)). The disease, which induces mass mortality in juveniles less than 1 year old and abnormalities in adults, was first reported in Japan in 2019. Research on the disease has been hindered by the lack of cell lines capable of propagating PiBV. We established an ex vivo method for PiBV propagation using mantle tissue, the primary infection site of the virus. The method was used to investigate the proliferation characteristics of the virus at different culture temperatures and the sensitivity of the virus to UV radiation. The marginal zone of the mantle was found to be the most suitable for PiBV replication in terms of both viral yield and reproducibility. PiBV showed optimal propagation at an incubation temperature of 25 °C, with minimal to no increase at 15 °C or 32.5 °C. Using the tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) measurement system developed in this study, we found that PiBV propagation was no longer detectable after UV irradiation at 6150 J/m2 or higher. The tissue fragment culture method developed in this study is expected to facilitate both ex vivo experiments and PiBV research.

The Role of 3D Virtual Anatomy and Scanning Environmental Electron Microscopy in Understanding Morphology and Pathology of Ancient Bodies.

Mummy studies allow to reconstruct the characteristic of a population in a specific spatiotemporal context, in terms of living conditions, pathologies and death. Radiology represents an efficient diagnostic technique able to establish the preservation state of mummified organs and to estimate the patient's pathological conditions. However, the radiological approach shows some limitations. Although bone structures are easy to differentiate, soft tissue components are much more challenging, especially when they overlap. For this reason, computed tomography, a well-established approach that achieves optimal image contrast and three-dimensional reconstruction, has been introduced. This original article focuses attention on the role of virtual dissection as a promising technology for exploring human mummy anatomy and considers the potential of environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy as complementary approaches useful to understand the state of preservation of mummified remains. Ancient mummy corps have been analyzed through Anatomage Table 10 and environmental scanning electron microscope equipped with X-ray spectrometer; Results: Anatomage Table 10 through various volumetric renderings allows us to describe spine alteration due to osteoarthritis, dental state, and other clinical-pathological characteristics of different mummies. Environmental scanning electron microscope, with the advantage of observing mummified samples without prior specimen preparation, details on the state of tissue fragments. Skin, tendon and muscle show a preserved morphology and keratinocytes, collagen fibers and tendon structures are easily recognizable. Furthermore, X-ray spectrometer reveals in our tissue remains, the presence of compounds related to soil contamination. This investigation identifies a plethora of organic and inorganic substances where the mummies were found, providing crucial information about the mummification environment. These morphological and analytical techniques make it possible to study mummified bodies and describe their anatomical details in real size, in a non-invasive and innovative way, demonstrating that these interdisciplinary approaches could have great potential for improving knowledge in the study of ancient corpses.

Optimizations of Placenta Extracellular Matrix-Loaded Silk Fibroin/Alginate 3D-Printed Scaffolds Structurally and Functionally for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Recent interest has been focused on extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds totreat critical-sized bone injuries. In this study, urea was used to decellularize and solubilize human placenta tissue. Then, different concentrations of ECM were composited with 8% alginate (Alg) and 12% silk fibroin (SF) for printing in order to produce a natural 3D construct that resembled bone tissue. The physical and biological features of the printed structures were evaluated entirely in vitro. Finally, a rat model was employed to examine the optimal 3D printed scaffold (5% ECM) as a bone transplant for the healing of cranial bone lesions. The present investigation demonstrated that decellularizing placental tissue fragments led to efficient removal of cell debris. In addition, a remarkable improvement in the printed scaffolds' mechanical and biological properties was observed by increasing the ECM concentration. The histology studies and real-time PCR results demonstrated the acceleration of bone regeneration in the bone lesions treated with 5%ECM-SF/Alg at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Overall, these results proved that the placental ECM-printed scaffolds could potentially construct biomimetic grafts to reconstruct significant bone defects and now promise to proceed with clinical studies.

Cryopreservation of ovarian cortex as fertility preservation in transgender men: A case report and literature review.

Transgender people have been experiencing significant advancements in their social visibility, although they continue to face frequent discrimination and exclusion. Among the issues encompassing transgender individuals' health care, the right to reproductive and sexual health have gained traction in the study landscape, necessitating an exploration of fertility preservation options for these patients. This report sheds light on the process of cryopreserving gametes and ovarian tissue after total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for gender reassignment in a transgender man in hormonal masculinization. The procedure resulted in the cryopreservation of three immature oocytes and ovarian tissue fragments. The objective of this study is to contribute to the promotion of knowledge and the sharing of experiences, aiming to gradually enhance the attention on reproductive health among transgender individuals.

(-)-Fenchone Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats via Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, and Cytoprotective Mechanisms.

(-)-Fenchone is a bicyclic monoterpene present in the plant species Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Thuja occidentalis L. (tuja), and Lavandula stoechas (lavender). These plants have therapeutic value in the treatment of intestinal disorders. To evaluate intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in an acute and chronic trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model in rats. Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects were assessed using the acute and chronic TNBS-induced colitis model in rats. The mechanisms were evaluated from colonic tissue fragments of the acute and chronic models. Oral administration of the (-)-fenchone (37.5-300 mg/kg) acute phase or (150 mg/kg) (p < 0.001) chronic phase reduced the macroscopic lesion score, ulcerative area, intestinal weight/length ratio, and diarrheal index in TNBS-treated animals. At a dose of 150 mg/kg, the acute and chronic phase decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.001), restored glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.001), decreased immunomarking for factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) and levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and maintained IL-10 and TGF-β basal levels. Furthermore, increased immunostaining for zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) was observed. (-)-fenchone has intestinal anti-inflammatory activity related to cytoprotection of the intestinal barrier, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects.

Urothelial carcinoma in situ with “early papillary formation” vs “lateral spread/shoulder lesion” of prior high-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma: A survey of pathologist and urologist interpretations

ABSTRACT Objectives Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) with early papillary formation is terminology sometimes used to suggest incipient high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC) but may lead to confusion between true CIS and lateral flat spread of PUC. Methods It remains unclear how pathologists and urologists interpret this scenario, so a survey was circulated to 68 pathologists (group 1 = 28 academic genitourinary pathologists; group 2 = 17 pathologists with a self-reported genitourinary focus; group 3 = 23 pathologists self-reported as not genitourinary specialists) and 32 urologists. Results Regarding atypical urothelial lesions that appear mainly flat but contain possible papillae, group 3 was more likely to label this as CIS compared with groups 1 and 2 (35% for group 3 vs 13% for groups 1 and 2), while groups 1 and 2 more often adopted another descriptive diagnosis, such as “CIS with early papillary features” (38% for groups 1 and 2 vs 13% for group 3). Among all 3 groups, group 1 was most likely to diagnose concomitant CIS and PUC in the same specimen but in different tissue fragments (58%). Pagetoid spread was reported to favor CIS predominantly by group 1 (61%). Urologists felt that the term lateral spread/shoulder was unclear (75%) and preferred early PUC (44%) or PUC with early growth (44%). Half (53%) of urologists felt that reporting CIS instead of lateral spread of PUC would change management. Conclusions Documentation of flat lesions lacks consensus among pathologists and may benefit from standardized terminology. Moreover, the distinction between CIS and early or lateral spread of PUC is not always clear to urologists and can influence disease management.

Post-traumatic patellar tendon ossification in children: a case series

Background. Fractures of the bones that form the knee joint in children are quite rare, accounting for up to 6% of all bone fractures. These include avulsion fractures of the patellar apex as well as tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures, which may result in patellar tendon ossification. Based on literature, the ossification may also occur in cases of primary or chronic (complete or partial) patellar tendon tears. Such a complication is quite rare in pediatric traumatology; it requires differential diagnosis and various surgical tactics. The aim of the study is to present a clinical and radiological picture of post-traumatic patellar tendon ossification in children and its surgical treatment outcomes using a case series as an example. Methods. We present a monocenter retrospective series of 4 male patients. Anamnestic, clinical, radiological and histological data were analyzed. Results. The patients’ mean age was 14 (range, 11-16) years. In all cases, there was a history of trauma. Initially, after getting injured, the patients were treated for a knee injury. In one patient, as a result of his falling on 2 limbs, a bilateral pathology was observed; in other three cases, the pathology was unilateral. Flexion contracture and pain syndrome prevailed in the clinical picture. All patients underwent surgery ranging from excision of ossifications to excision of ossifications with reconstruction of tendon defects and refixation of the tibial tuberosity with osteosynthesis. In all cases, knee joint contracture was eliminated and the volume of movement was fully restored. Histology showed fragments of mature bone tissue represented by thinned bone beams with focal osteoclastic reaction and areas of endochondral ossification. Conclusions. The clinical picture of pediatric patients with patellar tendon ossification manifests in the form of a chronic cascade of symptoms and functional and topographic disorders: patellar tendon ossification, patella alta, anterior knee pain, flexion contracture and rectus femoris muscle hypotrophy. X-ray and MRI data determine a formation of bone density with uneven clear contours in the projection of the patellar tendon, along with patella alta and the Caton-Deschamps index increasing more than 1.3. The primary treatment method of the developed complication is the surgical one, which leads to the restoration of the full amplitude of movements in the knee joint.

Development of patient-derived lymphomoids with preserved tumor architecture for lymphoma therapy screening

The efficacy of anti-cancer therapies depends on the genomic composition of the tumor, its microenvironment, spatial organization, and intra-tumor heterogeneity. B-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors emerging from B-cells at different stages of differentiation and exhibiting tumor-specific interactions with the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the effect of drug treatments can be influenced by the tumor composition and functional interactions among immune cells. Here, we develop a platform to maintain small fragments of human lymphoma tissue in culture for several days, and use them to test response to small molecules. We collect 27 patient samples representative of different lymphoma subtypes, and establish ex vivo tissue fragments that retain histological, cellular, and molecular characteristics of the original tissue, here referred to as lymphomoids. Using lymphomoids, we test sensitivity to several clinically approved drugs in parallel and examine tissue remodeling upon treatment. Moreover, when this information is available, we show that the effect of the inhibitors observed in lymphomoids is consistent with the patients’ response in the clinic. Thus, lymphomoids represent an innovative ex vivo model to assess the effect of anti-cancer therapies while preserving the tissue structure and its components.

Placental Macrovascular Pattern from Pregnancies with Maternal Hypertensive and Fetal Growth Capacity Complications.

The research included placentas from singleton pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction, women delivered in medical institutions in Karaganda city (Kazakhstan). Placentas were divided into three groups: PE (n = 59), isolated FGR (n = 24), and PE with FGR (n = 41). The control group consisted of normotensive pregnancies, compared by gestation period. Placental examination and selection of placental tissue fragments were carried out in accordance with the consensus recommendations of the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome. Morphometric measurements were performed using ImageJ software version 1.52p. Our data showed that, in the PE group, there was a significant decrease in the wall thickness of the proximal and distal vessels with an increase in internal diameter compared with the control group (p < 0.01). In the PE + FGR group, there was a thickening of the wall of the proximal part of the vessels with a decrease in their lumen and a decrease in the wall thickness of the vessels with an increase in the lumen in the distal part compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Two histopatterns of placental macrovessels in preeclampsia were revealed: the histophenotype of diffuse (proximal and distal) ectatic macroangiopathy with a thin vascular wall with a decrease in the thickness of the muscle layer and the histophenotype of proximal fibromuscular sclerosis with vascular obliteration/spasm and distal ectatic macroangiopathy. We believe that significant structural differences in vascular remodeling may reflect the different temporal and spatial nature of the pathological factor. Future research is needed to investigate the associations between histopatterns of placental vascular remodeling in preeclampsia and long-term perinatal/maternal outcomes.

In vitro biological and chemical control of fungi associated with gummosis in citrus fruits in Yucatan, Mexico

Background/Objective. In all citrus-producing regions in the world, gummosis is a disease that has caused losses in citrus production. This disease is caused by several pathogens. The objectives were to identify the fungi associated with gummosis in citrus orchards of Plan Chac, Sacalum, Yucatan; and to evaluate chemical and biological alternatives for the control of fungi associated with gummosis. Materials and Methods. From fragments of plant tissue and soil, the associated fungi were isolated. The isolates were identified morphologically in plant tissue as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and in soil as Fusarium solani and Pestalotia spp. The pathogenicity test determined that L. pseudotheobromae is an agent associated with this disease. The isolates were subjected to in vitro tests with chemical fungicides and antagonist agents. Results. Thiabendazole showed effectiveness for F. solani with an effective concentration to inhibit 50 % of the population (EC50) of 0.0612 mg L-1, with Pestalotia spp. inhibited growth at all concentrations evaluated and for L. pseudotheobromae, it showed an EC50 of 0.0049 mg L-1. In the case of Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713, the growth of F. solani (EC50 0.0496 mg L-1), Pestalotia spp. (EC50 0.0487 mg L-1) and L. pseudotheobromae (EC50 0.0528 mg L-1) decreased. On the other hand, Trichoderma harzianum showed a greater inhibition against F. solani, Pestalotia spp. and L. pseudotheobromae of 61.08, 62.93 and 35.64 %, respectively. Conclusion. In the management of gummosis in citrus fruits, the use of biological agents such as Trichoderma and B. subtilis can be efficiently included, offering alternatives with less impact on the environment.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrafast urease tests in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis in children

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main causes of gastritis, peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. Ultrafast urease tests (UUT) make it possible to simplify patient management by notifying the result after 5 minutes and entering it into the protocol of endoscopic conclusion. There is no data on the accuracy of UUT in the pediatric population. Aim of the study: to identify the accuracy of UUT in comparison with histological examination in children. Methods: a single-center retrospective study of children (4-18 years old) who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of the gastric antrum mucosa for H.pylori UUT, followed by histological examination. The reaction time stated by the manufacturers was estimated to be no more than 5 minutes for a positive result. Histology was the “gold” standard. Results: 211 patients were examined (boys n=103, 48.8%; girls n=108, 51.2%) average age 11.7 years (±3.5, 4-18 years). H.pylori infection was detected in 31 out of 211 patients. There was a significantly higher number of positive reactions of both UUT’s in the age group of children from 11 to 18 years old compared with the group of children from 4 to 10 years old. The sensitivity of AMA RUT Pro UUT was 18.7%, specificity 93.8%, negative and positive predictive value 82% and 42%, respectively, accuracy 79%. The sensitivity of the BioHit UFT300 UFUT was 40%, specificity 96.5%, negative and positive predictive value 92% and 60%, respectively, accuracy 90%. Conclusion: our data demonstrate the low sensitivity of ultrafast urease tests in children when using a single fragment of tissue from the gastric antrum in the five-minute reaction time allotted by manufacturers to a negative result. Perhaps sensitivity indicators can be improved by placing several fragments of the mucous membrane of the body and the antrum of the stomach on one test, which is a direction for future research.

Vaginal power morcellation using a contained bag system: a novel surgical technique

Background: To decrease the risk of unsuspected malignancies disseminating, several studies have shown the safety of using a containment bag to limit tissue dissemination during manual or power morcellation. Furthermore, in 2020, the FDA recommended performing laparoscopic power morcellation for myomectomy or hysterectomy only within a tissue containment system. Objective: To show step-by-step a new surgical technique using vaginal power morcellation within an endoscopic pouch without adding or extending other incisions. Materials and methods: Video article describing vaginal power morcellation. Results: To perform power morcellation through vaginal introit, additional operative time was only 13 minutes. Conclusions: Vaginal power morcellation using a contained bag system is technically feasible and efficient. Furthermore, it may prevent intraperitoneal dissemination of tissue fragments whilst minimising the need for additional surgical incisions.

Exposition of an unusual presentation: a case report of benign tumor arising from an uncommon origin

The inverted papilloma is a benign neoplasm that originates from the sinonasal mucosa, which is also referred to as a Ringertz tumor. It mostly affects men, falling within the age groups of 50 to 60 years. Our case is rare of its type as it was present in an unusual site, which is from the middle turbinate. Here in our study, we report a case of a 25-year-old female presented to the ENT outpatient department with complaints of left-sided nasal obstruction for 4 years. The patient had noticed a pinkish mass in the left nasal cavity. She complained of intermittent episodes of left-sided nasal bleeds. The patient was planned for functional endoscopic sinus surgery with a partial middle turbinectomy under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination showed polypoidal tissue fragments lined predominantly by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, along with focal areas lined by respiratory-type pseudostratified columnar epithelium and transitional epithelium, with multiple foci of inward proliferation of the epithelium in the form of nests into the underlying sub epithelium with an intact basement membrane, which is suggestive of inverted papilloma. After one week of postoperative follow-up, patient’s symptoms of nasal obstruction were relieved. During the subsequent 6 months of follow-up, the patient had no evidence of tumor recurrence. In our case, we wanted to emphasize that not all cases that do not involve the maxillary sinus or the medial wall of the maxilla on a CT scan require medial maxillectomy.