Bond Fracture Research Articles

Molecular Dynamics Study of Fretting Wear Characteristics of Silicon Nitride Bearings

AbstractTo study fretting wear characteristics of silicon nitride bearing. Atomic model of surface fretting wear of silicon nitride bearing is constructed by molecular dynamics method and deep learning self‐fitting potential function. First principles are used to match silicon nitride crystal parameters; Dynamic analysis of fretting wear process of nanoscale silicon nitride bearing is realized. Experiment shows that friction force in the Z direction is a maximum of 3.5 nN. The output potential energy 2.31 × 107 eV is 1.63 times that of the y‐axis, which is main factor causing the fretting wear. The force perpendicular to the direction of roller and the collar of silicon nitride bearings should be avoided in the process of using or transporting the bearings. Silicon nitride bearing fretting wear process is non‐transient elastic stress‐strain, along the rolling plane extension, in the roller rolling direction to form a sharp angle shape high strain linear region. Bearing Z direction damage degree increased; Silicon nitride bearing surface layer has 22.47% of the N─Si bond fracture. The study of the fretting wear characteristics of silicon nitride ceramic bearings has a reference value for reducing the surface friction of silicon nitride bearings and improving the life of silicon nitride bearings.

Atomically Dispersed Fe-Mo Catalysts Mediate Fenton-Like Reaction to Efficiently Degrade Chlorophenol Pollutants Through Synergistic Oxidation and Dechlorination Reactions.

Chlorophenols are difficult to degrade and mineralize by traditional advanced oxidation processes due to the strong electronegativity of chlorine. Here, a dual-site atomically dispersed catalyst (FeMoNC) is reported, which Fe/Mo supported on mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon is prepared through high-temperature migration. The FeMoNC exhibits a high dechlorination rate of 93.3% within 1 min. Theoretical calculation suggested that the doping of high-valence Mo6+ as the electron reservoir, promoted electronic delocalization at Fe sites, thereby enhancing the adsorption and dissociation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), subsequent generation of Fe (IV) = O and singlet oxygen (1O2) species. An interesting finding is that Mo sites can adsorb chlorine sites in 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and induce C─Cl bond fracture. Thus, the FeMoNC/PMS system has high catalytic performance due to the synergistic effects of Mo-induced dechlorination and non-radical species (Fe(IV) = O and 1O2) as the degradation pathways, the degradation efficiency of 99.1% of 4-CP within 5 min without significant performance decline after 168h ≈15,120-bed volumes. These findings can advance mechanistic understanding of PMS activation at the molecular level and guide the rational design of efficient eco-friendly single-atom catalysts (SACs) catalysts with bimetallic atomic sites.

Reactive molecular dynamics simulations investigating ROS-mediated HIV damage from outer gp120 protein to internal capsid protein.

Molecular dynamics (MD) with the ReaxFF force field is used to study the structural damage to HIV capsid protein and gp120 protein mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results show that with an increase in ROS concentration, the structures of the HIV capsid protein and gp120 protein are more severely damaged, including dehydrogenation, increase in oxygen-containing groups, helix shortening or destruction, and peptide bond breaking. In particular, we noticed that extraction of H atoms from N atoms by ROS was significantly higher than that from C atoms. There was no significant difference in the effect of ROS on dehydrogenation and shortening or breaking of the helices. In contrast, the impact of O on the increase in oxygen-containing groups and the fracture of peptide bonds in the gp120 protein is more significant than that of O3, and the effect of O3 is greater than that of ˙OH. In addition, the degree of structural damage of the gp120 protein was greater than that of the capsid protein. These detailed findings deepen our understanding of the role of ROS in regulating the structure and function of the HIV capsid protein and gp120 protein and provide valuable insights for plasma therapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

UV responded polyvinyl alcohol bio-active films containing oregano essential oil microcapsules by chitosan-incorporated TiO2: Physical properties, release characterizations, bio-functional performances and applications.

In the present study, with oregano essential oil (OEO) as the active ingredient and polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid (PVA/CA) as the composite matrix, ultraviolet (UV) responded PVA bio-active films incorporated with microcapsules, which were established by chitosan-incorporated titanium dioxide (TiO2), were constructed. The UV light-triggered process changed the structure of films, including the degradation of PVA, the fracture of ester bonds and the breaking of glycosidic bonds. UV irradiation reduced the elongation at break, increased the light resistance ability, the surface hydrophobicity and the roughness, and accelerated the release of OEO in films. The release process of films in food simulations and air environment conformed to Fick's second law and the first-order dynamics model, which were attributed to the synergistic effects of the random diffusion and the structural relaxation that were promoted by UV irradiation, leading to the increase of release rate, antioxidant activities and antibacterial capacities of films. Finally, chicken thighs with UV responded PVA bio-active films had better quality and the films could be considered as active packages for preservation.

New insights into typical biodegradable plastics in rapid pyrolysis: Kinetics, product evolution and transformation mechanism

Biodegradable plastics (BP) have undergone rapid development in the field of replacing traditional packaging plastics. However, their recycling and disposal systems are unclear, and the standards are different, causing new environmental pollution. The rapid and appropriate disposal of BP has become a worthy direction of exploration. Here, rapid pyrolysis technology was used to explore the recycling of BP, and the product evolution and transformation mechanism of typical BP (BP1∼BP4) were analyzed. The results show that the main reaction stages of BP pyrolysis are concentrated at approximately 260∼450 °C. Most of the heat treatment stages of BP conform to the random nucleation and nuclear growth model An (n = 1.5, 2, 2.5. 3). The gaseous products of BP pyrolysis were mainly 1, 3-butadiene. The top four pyrolysis components are the same for the liquid products of BP1, BP2, and BP4, which are mainly benzoic acid (42.54%–44.67%). However, the proportion of polycyclic aromatic substances in the products of the BP3 pyrolysis solution was as high as 63.85%. For the transformation mechanism, BP containing polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene terephthalate-adipate (PBAT) is mainly composed of C–O bond fractures at the ester group and intramolecular hydrogen transfer to form a carboxyl group and CC. This study of BP pyrolysis provides an important scientific basis and theoretical reference for its rational and rapid treatment and product recovery and reuse.

Load sharing and accumulated bond fracture in ion-irradiated carbon mat for energy dissipation.

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) aerogel mats were irradiated with carbon ions to explore the effect of irradiation-induced sp3 bonds and sp2 bond defects on ultrahigh strain rate mechanical properties. Energy dissipation was measured using a microprojectile impact test. Specific penetration energy [Formula: see text] increased strongly with irradiation with a maximum [Formula: see text] of ~26 megajoules per kilogram, over 200% higher than the previous best energy-absorbing material of pristine MWNT mats and at least an order of magnitude higher than any other material tested at the microscale. Perforation morphologies observed by electron microscopy show that a much larger network region is deformed due to sp3 bond enhanced load sharing within and between tubes, while defects introduced by the radiation induce more bond, shell, and tube damage leading to strongly enhanced energy dissipation.

Enhancements in Hydrogen Storage Properties of Magnesium Hydride Supported by Carbon Fiber: Effect of C–H Interactions

Carbon-based materials with excellent catalytic activity provide new ideas for the development of magnesium-based hydrogen storage. C-H bonding interactions may play a key role in performance improvement. In this work, we comprehensively compare the magnesium-carbon cloth composites (CC) prepared by method of dry ball milling and wet impregnation. The results were that the hydrogen release activation energy (Ea) of MgH2@CC composites prepared by wet immersion method was 175.1 ± 19.5 kJ·mol−1, which was lower than that of pure MgH2 (Ea = 213.9 ± 6.4 kJ·mol−1), and the activation energy of MgH2-CC composites prepared by ball milling method was 137.3 ± 8.7 kJ·mol−1, which provided better results. The kinetic enhancement should be attributed to C-H interactions. The presence of carbon carriers and electron transfer to reduce the activation energy of Mg-H bond fracture. These results will provide further insights into the promotion of hydrogen ab-/desorption from metal hydrides.

Assessment of concrete-to-concrete shear bond behavior using 3-D direct shear testing

The interfaces that develop when fresh concrete is poured onto existing substrates are noted for their vulnerability and influence on the durability and integrity of the composite structure. Studies on the shear bond properties and failure mechanisms of such composite concrete-to-concrete joints under normal stress are essential for developing predictive and numerical models that accommodate various levels of joint substrate roughness. This study aims to use an innovative 3D shearing box, BCR3D, to analyze the shear behavior of concrete-to-concrete joints under direct shear tests at a constant normal stress. The influence of the degree of surface roughness on the pure shear behavior of these joints was assessed at a normal stress level of 1 MPa. The substrate post-hardening surface morphology was evaluated using a high-resolution laser profilometer. Statistical surface roughness parameters were computed using MATLAB. A parametric study was carried out involving bond strength, residual shear stress, contractive-dilative behaviors, and total fracture energy. Results showed that bond strength, dilative normal displacement, and total fracture energy were proportional to the substrate surface roughness. Residual shear stress was not affected by the initial surface roughness. Dilative normal displacements were more significant for specimens with higher surface substrate roughness due to interlocking, with values reaching up to 1.77 mm. Joints with high substrate surface roughness exhibited similar bond strength and fracture energy to those obtained from the monolithic specimens, underscoring the significance of substrate preparation before casting new concrete layers.

Survival rate, bond, and fracture strength of laminate veneers bonded to different tooth substrates: A systematic review of in vitro studies.

This study aimed to evaluate how different tooth substrates affect the survival rate, shear bond strength, fracture strength, and mode of failure of laminate veneers (LVs). This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In vitro studies comparing the bonding of laminate veneers to different substrates were included. Electronic databases and manual searches were performed to identify relevant studies. Data on survival rate, shear bond strength, fracture strength, and failure modes were extracted and analyzed using Review Manager software. A total of 10 studies were included in the review, comprising 621 laminate veneers. The findings revealed that laminate veneersbonded to enamel substrate had lower failure rates than those bonded to tooth substrate with severely exposed dentin or existing composite restorations (ECRs). The failure modes observed were debonding, chipping, cracks, or fractures. Bonding laminate veneers to enamel substrate showed higher survival rates compared to bonding to tooth substrates with severely exposed dentin or ECRs, underscoring the significance of enamel preservation. When dealing with exposed dentine surfaces or ECRs, it is crucial to perform appropriate surface treatment before luting to improve adhesion. This involves immediate dentine sealing, as well as the use of suitable primers and bonding agents.

Influence of Fiber Dimensions on Bridging Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (PVA-FRCC)

This study investigates the influence of fiber dimensions on the bridging performance of polyvinyl alcohol fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (PVA-FRCC) through an experimental and analytical program. Bending tests, bridging law calculations, and section analysis are conducted. Bending tests of notched specimens of PVA-FRCC with six different PVA fiber dimensions are performed to determine the load–deflection (LPD) and bending moment–crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) relationships. The fiber volume fraction for all PVA-FRCCs is set to 2%. It is found that the load capacity of PVA-FRCC with a 27 μm diameter fiber is much higher than that of the other fibers, and the load capacity decreases as the fiber diameter increases. The study proposes parameters for the characteristic points of the tri-linear model for the single-fiber pullout model as functions of diameter, bond fracture energy, elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, and perimeter of the fiber. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of PVA-FRCC under different fiber dimensions. Bridging law calculations are conducted to obtain tensile stress–crack width relationships using the developed single-fiber pullout models. The Popovics model for the complete tensile stress–crack width relationship is adopted to obtain a better fit with the bridging law calculation, and then section analysis is conducted. The bridging law calculation results show that the maximum tensile stress decreases as the fiber diameter increases. It is also determined that most of the smaller-diameter fibers ruptured, whereas the larger fiber diameters pulled out from the matrix. The section analysis results show good agreement with the maximum bending moments obtained from the bending test.

CFRP-RC fracture strength prediction: A novel approach using deep learning

Externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have been widely adopted for strengthening and repairing aging concrete structures. However, premature fracture at the CFRP-concrete interface remains a significant concern, necessitating a better understanding of the interfacial bond behavior and fracture mechanisms. Traditional experimental studies and numerical simulations have limitations in accurately capturing the complex nonlinear factors influencing this fracture behavior. This paper explores the novel application of machine learning (ML), specifically artificial neural networks (ANNs), for predicting the fracture strength of CFRP-reinforced concrete (CFRP-RC) members. ANNs enable mapping the intricate relationships between input parameters (e.g., CFRP/concrete properties, geometric configurations) and fracture responses through iterative training on experimental data. Key aspects include comprehensive data collection, preprocessing techniques, feature selection methods like mean impact value (MIV) analysis, and neural network architecture design. The paper highlights successful ANN applications in predicting CFRP-RC bond strength, shear capacity, and overall fracture behavior. A systematic approach is proposed for developing robust ANN models tailored to CFRP-RC fracture prediction, encompassing data curation, input variable screening, network training/validation, and model interpretability analyses. By leveraging ML’s ability to handle multifaceted nonlinearities, this data-driven framework offers a powerful alternative to traditional methods, potentially enhancing the design, analysis, and performance evaluation of CFRP-strengthened concrete structures.

The surface defect of Fe2Ge (001) induces a synergistic spin effect and regulates the surface magnetism

The defect structure leads to the fracture and recombination of chemical bonds, lattice distortion, electron localization, etc., which has a significant improvement on the physical properties of materials, and give them new functions. The unique structure of Fe2Ge forms the surface structure of Ge end face and Fe end face in the direction of (001), but the surface is easy to form defect structure, and affecting its properties. It is found that the spin direction of Ge atom is opposite to the spin direction of Fe atom in perfect Fe2Ge (001) surface structure. When there is VGe defect, the magnetic moments of the perfect Fe2Ge (001) surface and Fe atoms are enhanced. When there are VFe, VFe-Ge and VGe-Fe defects, the magnetic moments of defects Fe2Ge (001) surface and Fe atoms are weakened. The reason is that the spin state electrons of Fe atoms induce Ge atoms to produce spin electrons, which forms a synergistic spin effect. The Hirshfeld Charge distribution and charge spin of Fe and Ge atoms are affected by the local potential field, Ge atoms are excited with spin direction of Fe atoms with VFe and VFe-Ge, and Ge atoms induce magnetic moments with spin direction of Fe atoms with VGe and VGe-Fe. The effects mechanism is that the five orbitals dzz, dxy, dzy, dzx and dxx-yy of Fe atom are greatly affected by the structure of the defect under the action of crystal field, while the s, px, py and pz orbitals are less affected. In VGe and VFe-Ge defects, the spin splitting of the d orbitals is larger to form a larger magnetic moment. In VFe and VGe-Fe defects, the d orbital spin splitting is smaller, and resulting in a smaller magnetic moment. The s, px, py and pz of Ge atoms are greatly affected, the spin splitting of pz is larger than that of px and py orbitals, and indicating that the spin of Ge atoms mainly comes from pz orbitals.

PH and temperature dual-responsive magnetic yolk-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery

New magnetic yolk-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@V-mSiO2-PNVCL) were prepared by grafting temperature-sensitive amino-terminated poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL-NH2) on the surface of aldehyde-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@V-mSiO2-CHO) through a Schiff base reaction. Various characterizations were used to confirm the structures, and the drug loading and release behaviors were studied. The drug loading was achieved as PNVCL stretched at room temperature and the drug loading content was up to 54.7% due to the large cavities. The encapsulation of drug from leakage in the blood environment was realized as PNVCL collapsed at physiological temperature. The fracture of pH-liable imine bonds in a slightly acidic tumor environment triggered the burst release of cargo. The Fe3O4@V-mSiO2-PNVCL showed super paramagnetic behavior (21.01 emu∙g−1) which could achieve magnetic targeting. The MTT assay confirmed that the nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the cellular uptake experiments indicated that DOX-loaded nanoparticles were successfully internalized into cancer cells. Therefore, the composite nanoparticles are ideal choices for drug carriers.

Engineered biochar combined clay for microplastic biodegradation during pig manure composting

This study pursued to regulate bacterial community succession pattern and expedited biodegradation of microplastics (MP) during pig manure (PM) composting employing walnut shell biochar (WSB) and montmorillonite (M). The WSB with concentration of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12% along with 10% M participated into PM for 42 days compost to search the optimal solution. The results confirmed the most prosperous bacterial phylum consisted of Firmicutes (3.02%–91.80%), Proteobacteria (2.08%–48.54%), Chloroflexi (0–44.62%) and Bacteroidetes (0.85%–40.93%). The addition of biochar has dramatically arranged bacterial community at different stages of composting. Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) revealed that carbon element in MPs decreased since the chemical bond fracture, under the intervention of high-temperature composting and WSB, the carbon content of MPs was maximum reduced by 20.25%. Fourier transform infrared spectrum indicated that CC, C–O, C–H and –COOH abundance of MPs in 10% and 12% dose biochar addition sharply reduced, interestingly, explicating WSB and composting made MP biodegradable. This experiment possesses affirmatory practical meaning for elimination of potential hazards by composting.

Discharge and ignition mechanism of high-entropy alloy induced by crack propagation under quasi-static compressive load

In order to reveal the discharge and ignition mechanism of high-entropy alloy under quasi-static compression load, the stress, potential and ignition evolution process of high-entropy alloy with prefabricated cracks were tested. The atomic structure and dislocation evolution of high-entropy alloy during crack propagation and compression were determined by molecular dynamics simulation, and the discharge mechanism of crack tip was analyzed at the micro level. Based on the calculation of Gibbs free energy, the products in the ignition reaction process were predicted. The results of mechanical/thermal/electrical characteristics induced by compressive load show that the discharge usually occurs near the ignition moment of specimen fracture, and the maximum potential signal can reach 34.2 V. The formation of crack group, crack propagation, local stress concentration, charge accumulation and release at the crack tip jointly induce the generation of discharge signals. With the propagation of cracks, a large number of stacking faults appear and a diamond-shaped failure zone is formed. The increase of disordered atoms leads to fracture. During the compression process, a large number of dislocations induce the separation of charges, which aggravates the discharge at the crack tip. In the Hf-Zr-Ti-Ta-Nb-Cu high-entropy alloy system, the reaction product Ta2O5 is preferentially generated, while in the Ti–Zr-Hf-Cu system, Ti2O3 is preferentially generated. The tip discharge and chemical bond fracture during crack propagation induce ignition, and the chemical bond recombines with energy release.

Bond performance of NSM FRP–concrete interfaces with epoxy under chloride‐salt conditioned environments

AbstractConcrete in coastal areas is susceptible to structural damage caused by corrosion and expansion of reinforcement. Near‐surface mounted (NSM) fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have become effective for strengthening damaged reinforced concrete structures. The bonding performance of NSM FRP bars in concrete is a key factor limiting their application and promotion in civil engineering. In this study, the influences of the conditioned environment, such as the chloride salt concentration, immersion time, and bond length of the FRP bar, on the bonding performance were investigated experimentally. First, material properties in a conditioned environment were studied. Subsequently, the failure mode, bond stress–slip curve, and bond strength of the NSM FRP bar in concrete were investigated. Finally, the microstructure and chemical composition of the materials were revealed using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images of the materials under environmental conditions. The transfer mechanism of NSM FRP bars in concrete with epoxy was revealed. The results showed that the failure modes of the pullout specimens can be divided into epoxy splitting failure and basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) pulling failure. The chloride‐salt concentration was a critical factor affecting the bond properties, and the longer the bond length, the lower the bond strength. The microstructure clearly shows that the degradation of the bonding behavior at the interface of the NSM FRP bar in concrete in a conditioned environment is attributable primarily to the resin damage of the epoxy, resulting in pit corrosion. There was no significant damage to the fibers in the FRP bar, and the degradation was primarily due to resin matrix damage and interfacial debonding. The EDS results showed that the degradation of the epoxy resin and BFRP bars was caused by CO bond and SiO bond fractures, respectively.

Enhancing potassium‐ion storage of Bi2S3 through external–internal dual synergism: Ti3C2Tx compositing and Cu2+ doping

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) offer a cost‐effective and resource‐abundant solution for large‐scale energy storage. However, the progress of PIBs is impeded by the lack of high‐capacity, long‐life, and fast‐kinetics anode electrode materials. Here, we propose a dual synergic optimization strategy to enhance the K+ storage stability and reaction kinetics of Bi2S3 through two‐dimensional compositing and cation doping. Externally, Bi2S3 nanoparticles are loaded onto the surface of three‐dimensional interconnected Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to stabilize the electrode structure. Internally, Cu2+ doping acts as active sites to accelerate K+ storage kinetics. Various theoretical simulations and ex situ techniques are used to elucidate the external–internal dual synergism. During discharge, Ti3C2Tx and Cu2+ collaboratively facilitate K+ intercalation. Subsequently, Cu2+ doping primarily promotes the fracture of Bi2S3 bonds, facilitating a conversion reaction. Throughout cycling, the Ti3C2Tx composite structure and Cu2+ doping sustain functionality. The resulting Cu2+‐doped Bi2S3 anchored on Ti3C2Tx (C‐BT) shows excellent rate capability (600 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1; 105 mAh g–1 at 5.0 A g–1) and cycling performance (91 mAh g–1 at 5.0 A g–1 after 1000 cycles) in half cells and a high energy density (179 Wh kg–1) in full cells.

A new bond-slip model for NSM FRP systems using cement-based adhesives through artificial neural networks (ANN)

This paper introduced a novel Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)-based bond–slip model for the Near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP system using cement-based adhesives, as an alternative to epoxy adhesives due to their high-temperature resistance and moisture-durability problems, employing experimental data. Therefore, closed-form formulas were presented for key components of the bond-slip law, including maximum bond stress, corresponding slip, fracture energy, and post-peak branch, while taking important factors into account. Compared to available bond-slip laws, this innovative model demonstrates promising potential in predicting the bond behaviour, thereby enabling more efficient and reliable designs for the NSM FRP strengthening applications using cement-based adhesives.

Effective decapsulation method for photovoltaic modules: Limonene-induced EVA controlled swelling under sonication and debonding mechanism analysis

Waste crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells are rich in metal resources. The detachment of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer is a critical step in the recycling of end-of-life (EoL) c-Si photovoltaic (PV) modules, but a clean and high-efficiency adhesive removal method is absent. In this study, we presented a green solvent-based approach using limonene with ultrasound assistance for the efficient delamination of EVA from c-Si PV modules. By adjusting the concentration of limonene solution, the degree of swelling of EVA was effectively controlled, reducing the risk of battery damage caused by uneven swelling. The application of an ultrasonic physical field to the swelling system expedited the diffusion and penetration of the swelling agent between the EVA layers, while simultaneously supplying energy for the fracture of cross-linking bonds. Under the optimized laboratory-scale condition (70 °C, 0.5 h and 0.1 M limonene), complete separation of the glass and backsheet from the EVA bonding layer was achieved. The intact c-Si solar cells thus have the potential to be fully recovered in subsequent processes. FT-IR tests and density functional theory (DFT) simulations confirmed that under ultrasound conditions, limonene molecules selectively attacked crosslinking bridges and side chains of ethyl vinyl acetate in the EVA molecular chain. This induced the breakdown of the EVA crosslinked network structure, resulting in a reduction in adhesive strength and ultimately achieving interlayer separation in 20min. The findings of this study provide theoretical support and technical insights for the clean and efficient recycling of PV modules.

Effects of low-frequency magnetic field on solubility, structural and functional properties of soy 11S globulin.

Soy 11S globulin has high thermal stability, limiting its application in the production of low-temperature gel foods. In this study, the low-frequency magnetic field (LF-MF, 5 mT) treatment (time, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) was used to improve the solubility, conformation, physicochemical properties, surface characteristics, and gel properties of soy 11S globulin. Compared with the native soy 11S globulin, the sulfhydryl content, emulsifying capacity, gel strength, water-holding capacity, and absolute zeta potential values significantly increased (P < 0.05) after LF-MF treatment. The LF-MF treatment induced the unfolding of the protein structure and the fracture of disulfide bonds. The variations in solubility, foaming properties, viscosity, surface hydrophobicity, and rheological properties were closely related to the conformational changes of soy 11S globulin, with the optimum LF-MF modification time being 90 min. LF-MF treatment is an effective method to improve various functional properties of native soy 11S globulin, and this study provides a reference for the development of plant-based proteins in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.