This paper delves into the synchronization dynamics of fractional-order memristor Cohen–Grossberg neural network systems with time-varying delays at predefined times (PTS-MFCGNNs). Firstly, leveraging the concept of predefined-time stability, we devise a fractional-order controller, establish sufficient conditions for predefined-time synchronization, and achieve synchronization within the Cohen–Grossberg drive–response system. Secondly, building upon these findings, we scrutinize the synchronization dynamics within the time domain of the PTS-MFCGNNs system. Finally, we validate our theoretical framework through numerical simulations and engage in a comprehensive discussion on predefined-time synchronization within the PTS-MFCGNNs system.