Fractional Black-Scholes Research Articles

Applying the Barycentric Jacobi Spectral Method to Price Options with Transaction Costs in a Fractional Black-Scholes Framework

The aim of this paper is to show how options with transaction costs under fractional, mixed Brownian-fractional, and subdiffusive fractional Black-Scholes models can be efficiently computed by using the barycentric Jacobi spectral method. The reliability of the barycentric Jacobi spectral method for space (asset) direction discretization is demonstrated by solving partial differential equations (PDEs) arising from pricing European options with transaction costs under these models. The discretization of these PDEs in time relies on the implicit Runge-Kutta Radau IIA method. We conducted various numerical experiments and compared our numerical results with existing analytical solutions. It was found that the proposed method is efficient, highly accurate and reliable, and is an alternative to some existing numerical methods for pricing financial options.

Parameter identification for the discretely observed geometric fractional Brownian motion

This paper deals with the problem of estimating all the unknown parameters of geometric fractional Brownian processes from discrete observations. The estimation procedure is built upon the marriage of the quadratic variation and the maximum likelihood approach. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are provided. Moveover, we compare our derived method with the approach proposed by Misiran et al. [Fractional Black-Scholes models: complete MLE with application to fractional option pricing. In International conference on optimization and control; Guiyang, China; 2010. p. 573–586.], namely the complete maximum likelihood estimation. Simulation studies confirm theoretical findings and illustrate that our methodology is efficient and reliable. To show how to apply our approach in realistic contexts, an empirical study of Chinese financial market is also presented.

An efficient wavelet based approximation method to time fractional Black-Scholes European option pricing problem arising in financial market

In this paper, a wavelet based hybrid method is employed to provide the quick and accurate solutions of fractional Black-Scholes equation with boundary condition for a European option pricing (EOP) problem. The fractional Black-Scholes is used as a model for valuing European or American call and put options on a non-dividend paying stock. To the best of our knowledge, until now there is no rigorous Legendre wavelet solutions have been reported for the fractional Black-Scholes

Solution of the Fractional Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model by Finite Difference Method

This work deals with the put option pricing problems based on the time-fractional Black-Scholes equation, where the fractional derivative is a so-called modified Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. With the aid of symbolic calculation software, European and American put option pricing models that combine the time-fractional Black-Scholes equation with the conditions satisfied by the standard put options are numerically solved using the implicit scheme of the finite difference method.

Game theoretic analysis of incomplete markets: emergence of probabilities, nonlinear and fractional Black–Scholes equations

Expanding the ideas of the author's paper 'Nonexpansive maps and option pricing theory' (Kibernetica 34:6 (1998), 713-724) we develop a pure game-theoretic approach to option pricing, by-passing stochastic modeling. Risk neutral probabilities emerge automatically from the robust control evaluation. This approach seems to be especially appealing for incomplete markets encompassing extensive, so to say untamed, randomness, when the coexistence of infinite number of risk neutral measures precludes one from unified pricing of derivative securities. Our method is robust enough to be able to accommodate various markets rules and settings including path dependent payoffs, American options and transaction costs. On the other hand, it leads to rather simple numerical algorithms. Continuous time limit is described by nonlinear and/or fractional Black-Scholes type equations.

Homotopy Perturbation Method for Fractional Black-Scholes European Option Pricing Equations Using Sumudu Transform

The homotopy perturbation method, Sumudu transform, and He’s polynomials are combined to obtain the solution of fractional Black-Scholes equation. The fractional derivative is considered in Caputo sense. Further, the same equation is solved by homotopy Laplace transform perturbation method. The results obtained by the two methods are in agreement. The approximate analytical solution of Black-Scholes is calculated in the form of a convergence power series with easily computable components. Some illustrative examples are presented to explain the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method.

Fractional Variational Iteration Method and Its Application to Fractional Partial Differential Equation

We use the fractional variational iteration method (FVIM) with modified Riemann-Liouville derivative to solve some equations in fluid mechanics and in financial models. The fractional derivatives are described in Riemann-Liouville sense. To show the efficiency of the considered method, some examples that include the fractional Klein-Gordon equation, fractional Burgers equation, and fractional Black-Scholes equation are investigated.

Fractional Black-Scholes Model and Technical Analysis of Stock Price

In the stock market, some popular technical analysis indicators (e.g., Bollinger bands, RSI, ROC, etc.) are widely used to forecast the direction of prices. The validity is shown by observed relative frequency of certain statistics, using the daily (hourly, weekly, etc.) stock prices as samples. However, those samples are not independent. In earlier research, the stationary property and the law of large numbers related to those observations under Black-Scholes stock price model and stochastic volatility model have been discussed. Since the fitness of both Black-Scholes model and short-range dependent process has been questioned, we extend the above results to fractional Black-Scholes model with Hurst parameterH>1/2, under which the stock returns follow a kind of long-range dependent process. We also obtain the rate of convergence.

Simple arbitrage

We characterize absence of arbitrage with simple trading strategies in a discounted market with a constant bond and several risky assets. We show that if there is a simple arbitrage, then there is a 0-admissible one or an obvious one, that is, a simple arbitrage which promises a minimal riskless gain of \epsilon, if the investor trades at all. For continuous stock models, we provide an equivalent condition for absence of 0-admissible simple arbitrage in terms of a property of the fine structure of the paths, which we call "two-way crossing." This property can be verified for many models by the law of the iterated logarithm. As an application we show that the mixed fractional Black-Scholes model, with Hurst parameter bigger than a half, is free of simple arbitrage on a compact time horizon. More generally, we discuss the absence of simple arbitrage for stochastic volatility models and local volatility models which are perturbed by an independent 1/2-H\"{o}lder continuous process.

Pricing European and Barrier Options in the Fractional Black-Scholes Market

The aim of this paper is to obtain the valuation formulas for European and barrier options if the underlying of the option contract is supposed to be driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter greater than 0.5. The paper is build upon the framework developed in Necula (2007) for the valuation of derivative products in the fractional Black-Scholes market. We also obtain a reflection principle for the fractional Brownian motion.

A Framework for Derivative Pricing in the Fractional Black-Scholes Market

The aim of this paper is to develop a framework for evaluating derivatives if the underlying of the derivative contract is supposed to be driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter greater than 0.5. For this purpose we first prove some results regarding the quasi-conditional expectation, especially the behavior to a Girsanov transform. We obtain the risk-neutral valuation formula and the fundamental evaluation equation in the case of the fractional Black-Scholes market.

Option Pricing in a Fractional Brownian Motion Environment

In this paper it is developed a framework for evaluating derivatives if the underlying of the derivative contract is supposed to be driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter greater than 0.5. For this purpose we first prove some results regarding the quasi-conditional expectation, especially the behavior to a Girsanov transform. We obtain the risk-neutral valuation formula, the fundamental evaluation equation of a contingent claim, and the formula for the price of a European call option in the case of the fractional Black-Scholes market.

Portfolio optimization with consumption in a fractional Black-Scholes market

We consider the classical Merton problem of flnding the optimal consumption rate and the optimal portfolio in a Black-Scholes market driven by fractional Brownian motion B H with Hurst parameter H > 1=2. The integrals with respect to B H are in the Skorohod sense, not pathwise which is known to lead to arbitrage. We explicitly flnd the optimal consumption rate and the optimal portfolio in such a market for an agent with logarithmic utility functions. A true self-flnancing portfolio is found to lead to a con- sumption term that is always favorable to the investor. We also present a numerical implementation by Monte Carlo simulations.

A note on Wick products and the fractional Black-Scholes model

In some recent papers (Elliott and van der Hoek 2003; Hu and Oksendal 2003) a fractional Black-Scholes model has been proposed as an improvement of the classical Black-Scholes model (see also Benth 2003; Biagini et al. 2002; Biagini and Oksendal 2004). Common to these fractional Black-Scholes models is that the driving Brownian motion is replaced by a fractional Brownian motion and that the Ito integral is replaced by the Wick integral, and proofs have been presented that these fractional Black-Scholes models are free of arbitrage. These results on absence of arbitrage complelety contradict a number of earlier results in the literature which prove that the fractional Black-Scholes model (and related models) will in fact admit arbitrage. The objective of the present paper is to resolve this contradiction by pointing out that the definition of the self-financing trading strategies and/or the definition of the value of a portfolio used in the above papers does not have a reasonable economic interpretation, and thus that the results in these papers are not economically meaningful. In particular we show that in the framework of Elliott and van der Hoek 2003, a naive buy-and-hold strategy does not in general qualify as “self-financing”. We also show that in Hu and Oksendal 2003, a portfolio consisting of a positive number of shares of a stock with a positive price may, with positive probability, have a negative “value”.

Weighted Local Time for Fractional Brownian Motion and Applications to Finance

A Meyer-Tanaka formula involving weighted local time is derived for fractional Brownian motion and geometric fractional Brownian motion. The formula is applied to the study of the stop-loss-start-gain (SLSG) portfolio in a fractional Black-Scholes market. As a consequence, we obtain a fractional version of the Carr-Jarrow decomposition of the European call and put option prices into their intrinsic and time values.

Arbitrage in a Discrete Version of the Wick-Fractional Black-Scholes Market

We consider binary market models based on the discrete Wick product instead of the pathwise product and provide a sufficient criterion for the existence of an arbitrage. This arbitrage is explicitly constructed in the class of self-financing one-step buy-and-hold strategies, (i.e., the investor holds shares of the stock only at one time step). Using coefficients obtained from an approximation of a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter ½ < H < 1 the result is applied to a discrete version of the (Wick-)fractional Black-Scholes market.

Volterra equations with fractional stochastic integrals

Some fractional stochastic systems of integral equations are studied. The fractional stochastic Skorohod integrals are also studied. The existence and uniquness of the considered stochastic fractional systems are established. An application of the fractional Black‐Scholes is considered.

Multiscale estimation of processes related to the fractional Black-Scholes equation

We consider a fractional-order differential equation involving fractal activity time to represent the stochastic behaviour of a log-price process of an underlying asset. The log-price process is defined in terms of fractional integration of the fractional derivative of Brownian motion on fractal time. A stable solution to the extrapolation and filtering problems associated is obtained in terms of covariance vaguelette functions (Angulo and Ruiz-Medina 1999). A simulation study is carried out to illustrate the methodology presented.