Char Fraction Research Articles

Burn severity analysis in Mediterranean forests using maximum entropy model trained with EO-1 Hyperion and LiDAR data

All ecosystems and in particular ecosystems in Mediterranean climates are affected by fires. Knowledge of the drivers that most influence burn severity patterns as well an accurate map of post-fire effects are key tools for forest managers in order to plan an adequate post-fire response. Remote sensing data are becoming an indispensable instrument to reach both objectives. This work explores the relative influence of pre-fire vegetation structure and topography on burn severity compared to the impact of post-fire damage level, and evaluates the utility of the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) classifier trained with post-fire EO-1 Hyperion data and pre-fire LiDAR to model three levels of burn severity at high accuracy. We analyzed a large fire in central-eastern Spain, which occurred on 16–19 June 2016 in a maquis shrubland and Pinus halepensis forested area. Post-fire hyperspectral Hyperion data were unmixed using Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) and five fraction images were generated: char, green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation, soil (NPVS) and shade. Metrics associated with vegetation structure were calculated from pre-fire LiDAR. Post-fire MESMA char fraction image, pre-fire structural metrics and topographic variables acted as inputs to MaxEnt, which built a model and generated as output a suitability surface for each burn severity level. The percentage of contribution of the different biophysical variables to the MaxEnt model depended on the burn severity level (LiDAR-derived metrics had a greater contribution at the low burn severity level), but MaxEnt identified the char fraction image as the highest contributor to the model for all three burn severity levels. The present study demonstrates the validity of MaxEnt as one-class classifier to model burn severity accurately in Mediterranean countries, when trained with post-fire hyperspectral Hyperion data and pre-fire LiDAR.

The effects of air flow rate simulation on the combustion characteristics of luecaena woodchip in a fixed bed

Combustion of woodchip is one of the key areas in the clean energy strategy, but there is still a lack of detailed and systematic theoretical study on the fixed bed burning. The advantage of theoretical study lies in its ability to reveal features of the detailed structure of the burning process inside a solid bed, such as reaction zone thickness, the rate of individual sub-processes, gas emission, and char burning characteristics. These characteristics are hard to measure by conventional experimental techniques. In this study, a mathematical simulation was carried out for the combustion of lucaena woodchip in bench-top fixed bed and the effects of air flow rate have been assessed over wide ranges were investigated. It was found that volatile release as well as char burning intensify with an increase in the air flow until critical point was reached where a further increase in the air flow results in slowing down of the combustion process; a higher air flow also reduces the char fraction burned in the char burning stage and reduces CO emission in the gas exiting at the bed top.

Influence of biomass torrefaction parameters on fast pyrolysis products under flame-equivalent conditions

Pretreating raw biomass via torrefaction changes fuel specific properties like grindability, volatile content, energy density and biochemical stability and thus enables an enhanced fuel replacement for pulverized fossil fuel fired furnaces.In this study, the influence of torrefaction temperature on devolatilization behavior is investigated in a small-scale fluidized bed reactor approximating flame-equivalent conditions. Therefore the pyrolysis products of two different biofuels with varying degree of torrefaction are determined via ex-situ FTIR gas analysis in an N2 atmosphere in the temperature range from 873 to 1473 K. Furthermore, the mass fraction of residual char particles is determined by adding O2 to the fluidizing gas and analyzing the burnout products. Char fraction and volatile composition are used to estimate the energy release distribution between homogeneous volatile combustion and heterogeneous char burnout.The experiments revealed enlarging char yields at the expense of volatile yields with increasing degree of torrfaction at all investigated pyrolysis temperatures. Furthermore, torrefaction favors higher fractions of CO2 and lower fractions of CO and C2Hx in the light gas. Further on, no significant impact of torrefaction conditions on the tar composition could be identified. The calculation of higher heating value (HHV) based on char yield and gas composition reveals an overall increase of HHV, while the relative contribution from the volatile fraction decreases with increasing degree of torrefaction. Following this, an increase of torrefaction degree will shift combustion from a high intense volatile combustion in the near burner region towards a less intense but prolonged char conversion in the far burner region.

An evaluative comparison of lignocellulosic pyrolysis products derived from various parts of Populus deltoides trees and Panicum virgatum grass in an inductively heated reactor

Poplar is considered a suitable resource for production of renewable fuels and chemicals due to its rapid growth and tolerance to environmental stresses. Switchgrass is also extensively studied for biofuel production due to its use as a resource-efficient low-input plant and ability to grow and thrive in diverse weather or soil conditions. In this study, fast pyrolysis of biomass obtained from various parts (main stem, secondary stems, branches) of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was carried out in an inductively heated reactor. Devolatilization rates (ranging from 450 °C to 600 °C) were initially obtained to determine their decomposition kinetics and estimate process parameters (temperatures and times) suitable for their pyrolysis using this method of pyrolysis. The effect of temperature (450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C) on pyrolysis product yields and composition was investigated. Results indicate that activation energies ranged from 9.2 to 13.5 kJ/mol, while pre-exponential constants ranged from 0.23 to 0.51 s−1. The maximum quantity of bio-oil of 39.8% ± 9.50 was obtained from poplar stem at 450 °C whereas the least amount of bio-oil obtained was 33% ± 0.0085 from poplar branch at 550 °C. The highest amount of bio-oils from switchgrass (34% ± 0.023) was obtained at 450 °C. Water content in the bio-oil obtained from switchgrass was significantly higher than that from poplar. The GC–MS results showed that bio-oil compositions are similar among the various parts of poplar trees, with phenols being the dominant chemical specie and acids and alcohols present in negligible amounts. As temperature increases, an increase in furans is observed. Bio-oil and char fractions derived from stems have higher HHV than those from switchgrass, with the average HHV of char and water-free bio-oils ranging between 20.2 and 25.6 MJ/kg and 13.2 and −16.4 MJ/kg, respectively. Overall process energy recovery from initial biomass reached a maximum of 80.1% in the case of cottonwood main stem pyrolyzed at 500 °C.

Pyrolysis of waste tire rubber: Influence of temperature on pyrolysates yield

Previous studies conducted on the pyrolysis of used rubber were either directed towards the yield and properties of liquid fuel or focused towards the generation of carbon black as end product and, hence, little attention was paid to the quantitative determination of gaseous, liquid, tar and char fractions obtained from the pyrolysis of used tire rubber. Therefore, the aim of this study was to re-utilize waste tire rubber as raw material for production of these valuable products which has substantial benefits for domestic and commercial use. Pyrolysis experiments were performed for thermal degradation of used tire rubber (UTR). The pyrolysates from the pyrolyzer were collected in separate traps on the basis of volatility into fractions like tar, liquid and gas. Influence of temperature was determined. The gaseous fraction was monitored using gas chromatography and the major hydrocarbons detected were C1–C5. The liquid fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the compounds detected in the range of C16 to C19. As the different fractions (gas, liquid, tar and char) were collected independently of each other, therefore, they may be used separately for useful purposes.

Properties and Beneficial Uses of (Bio)Chars, with Special Attention to Products from Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis

Residual sludge disposal costs may constitute up to, and sometimes above, 50% of the total cost of operation of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and contribute approximately 40% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with its operation. Traditionally, wastewater sludges are processed for: (a) reduction of total weight and volume to facilitate their transfer and subsequent treatments; (b) stabilization of contained organic material and destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, elimination of noxious odors, and reduction of putrefaction potential and, at an increasing degree; (c) value addition by developing economically viable recovery of energy and residual constituents. Among several other processes, pyrolysis of sludge biomass is being experimented with by some researchers. From the process, oil with composition not dissimilar to that of biodiesels, syngas, and a solid residue can be obtained. While the advantage of obtaining sludge-derived liquid and gaseous fuels is obvious to most, the solid residue from the process, or char (also indicated as biochar by many), may also have several useful, initially unexpected applications. Recently, the char fraction is getting attention from the scientific community due to its potential to improve agricultural soils’ productivity, remediate contaminated soils, and supposed, possible mitigation effects on climate change. This paper first discusses sludge-pyrolysis-derived char production fundamentals (including relationships between char, bio-oil, and syngas fractions in different process operating conditions, general char properties, and possible beneficial uses). Then, based on current authors’ experiments with microwave-assisted sludge pyrolysis aimed at maximization of liquid fuel extraction, evaluate specific produced char characteristics and production to define its properties and most appropriate beneficial use applications in this type of setting.

Evaluating Endmember and Band Selection Techniques for Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis using Post-Fire Imaging Spectroscopy

Fire impacts many vegetated ecosystems across the world. The severity of a fire is major component in determining post-fire effects, including soil erosion, trace gas emissions, and the trajectory of recovery. In this study, we used imaging spectroscopy data combined with Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA), a form of spectral mixture analysis that accounts for endmember variability, to map fire severity of the 2013 Rim Fire. We evaluated four endmember selection approaches: Iterative Endmember Selection (IES), count-based within endmember class (In-CoB), Endmember Average Root Mean Squared Error (EAR), and Minimum Average Spectral Angle (MASA). To reduce the dimensionality of the imaging spectroscopy data we used uncorrelated Stable Zone Unmixing (uSZU). Fractional cover maps derived from MESMA were validated using two approaches: (1) manual interpretation of fine spatial resolution WorldView-2 imagery; and (2) ground plots measuring the Geo Composite Burn Index (GeoCBI) and the percentage of co-dominant and dominant trees with green, brown, and black needles. Comparison to reference data demonstrated fairly high correlation for green vegetation and char fractions (r2 values as high as 0.741 for the MESMA ash fractions compared to classified WorldView-2 imagery and as high as 0.841 for green vegetation fractions). The combination of uSZU band selection and In-CoB endmember selection had the best trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency. This study demonstrated that detailed fire severity retrievals based on imaging spectroscopy can be optimized using techniques that would be viable also in a satellite-based imaging spectrometer.

Mass Balance of Plastic Waste Conversion to Fuel Oil- A case in Uganda

The current rate of plastic usage and the manner in which they are being disposed of is unsustainable. This is because more resources such as crude oil are utilized for their production and on the other hand, more waste plastics are generated. Since these waste plastics are made from crude oil, there is a high chance that they can be turned back into diesel that can be used to power irrigation pumps, drive engines for transport and industrial purposes among other potential uses. This paper sought to evaluate the pyrolysis of waste plastics to fuel oil potential of Uganda. The estimated waste plastics generated in Uganda was quantified as 545 851 kg/day. In this study, mass balance estimation indicated that the initial feed of 545 851 kg of waste plastics yields 451 419 kg liquid fuel using an appropriate technology for pyrolysis. The production potential of the gaseous and char fractions was calculated to be 50 764 and 43 668 kg in a day, respectively. This estimated amount has the potential to power approximately 234 small portable threshers of 5-7 horsepower. A total of 365 000 tonnes of fresh paddy can be threshed using these threshers. The gaseous fraction also has the potential to be used as a source of fuel for cooking. This is particularly important for postharvest handling and food security in Uganda as well as development of waste to energy technologies such as pyrolysis.

Lumped kinetic modeling of isothermal degradation of lignin under conventional pyrolytic and oxidative conditions

The semi-global kinetic models with a lumping approach were proposed for isothermal pyrolysis and oxidative pyrolysis of lignin. The temperature-dependent real char (r-char) fraction and dynamic heating ramp were considered in the models. The oxidative pyrolysis model was extended from the pyrolysis model published in the literature by supplementing it with oxygen-induced gas and r-char formation and subsequent tar and r-char oxidation. Model simulations reproduced the products formation of lignin pyrolysis and oxidative pyrolysis with remarkable accuracy. The results indicated that appreciable amount of lignin degradation occurred during the initial heating ramp, especially for oxidative pyrolysis at higher temperatures.

A study to investigate pyrolysis of wood particles of various shapes and sizes

Pyrolysis of centimeter-scale wood particles of various sizes and shapes needs to be understood to determine their burning rate and life. Such particles may be thought of as firebrands, which are a major reason for spotting ignition in wildland and wildland-urban interface fires. The burning lifetime of firebrands controls the maximum distance they can travel to cause spotting. To understand and model this, experiments are done in a vertical tube furnace with wood particles of different sizes and shapes. For computations, two classes of shapes, prolate and oblate ellipsoids, were chosen to represent the arbitrary geometry of such particles. Prolate ellipsoids include shapes ranging from thin needles to spheres, whereas, oblate ellipsoids include shapes ranging from thin disks to spheres. The choice of these smooth shapes, while facilitating expedient computations also enables the coverage of wide ranges of particle shapes and surface area to volume ratios (SVR). Model simulations show satisfactory agreement with relevant literature and experimental data. Particle aspect ratio (ϵ, the ratio of minor and major axes), SVR, and equivalent radius (Re) are used to define the particle geometry. Mass loss and center temperature profiles are presented and discussed. It is shown that with the decreasing of aspect ratio, wood particle decomposes faster and the final char fraction becomes smaller. A power-law based correlation between conversion time (tcon) and SVR is derived and verified against experiments. Further, it is shown that an increase in the SVR enhances the production of tar and decreases the yield of char while leaving the yield of gas mostly unaffected.

Burn severity mapping from Landsat MESMA fraction images and Land Surface Temperature

Forest fires are incidents of great importance in Mediterranean environments. Landsat data have proven to be suitable for evaluating post-fire vegetation damage and determining different levels of burn severity, which is crucial for planning post-fire rehabilitation. This study assessed the utility of combined Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) fraction images and Land Surface Temperature (LST) to accurately map burn severity. We studied a large convection-dominated wildfire, which occurred on 19–21 September 2012 in Spain, in a zone dominated by Pinus pinaster Ait. Burn severity degree (low, moderate, and high) was measured 2–3months after fire in 111 field plots using the Composite Burn Index (CBI). Four fraction images were generated using MESMA from the reflective bands of a post-fire Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) image: 1.-char, 2.-green vegetation (GV), 3.-non-photosynthetic vegetation and soil (NPVS) and 4.-shade. The thermal band was converted to LST using a single channel algorithm. Next, Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) was used to obtain the probability of each burn severity level from MESMA fraction images and LST. Finally, a burn severity map was generated from the probability images and independently validated using an error matrix, producer and user accuracies per class, and κ statistic. MLR identified the char fraction image and LST as the only significant explanatory variables when burn severity acted as the response variable. Two burn severity degrees (low-moderate and high) were finally considered to build the final burn severity map. In this way, we reached a higher accuracy (κ=0.79) than using the original three burn severity levels (κ=0.66). Our study demonstrates the validity of combining fraction images and LST from Landsat data to map burn severity accurately in Mediterranean countries.

An experimental study to investigate the effect of torrefaction temperature and time on pyrolysis of centimeter-scale pine wood particles

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of torrefaction on pyrolysis of centimeter-scale pine wood particles at 520°C. The experiments were conducted in a vertical tube furnace and the yields and compositions of bio-oil were measured. We found that torrefaction at 225°C and 250°C for 15, 25 and 35min had little effect on the pyrolysis products. However, when wood was torrefied at 275°C and 300°C, significant char formation and transformation occurred. During the pyrolysis processes, lower weight loss rate and higher char fraction were observed for wood torrefied at 275°C and 300°C, but the center temperature profiles were not affected. Conversion time for pyrolysis was also not affected by the torrefaction conditions. Pyrolysis yields of liquid, gas and char were calculated and found to be affected by the torrefaction conditions. GC/MS analysis of bio-oil obtained from torrefied wood shows that the acid content decreases with increasing torrefaction intensity, implying improvement of bio-oil quality. Further, phenol content increases and guaiacols content decreases with the increase of torrefaction intensity. On the other hand, no novel species were detected and the overall effect of torrefaction was less remarkable than anticipated for the temperatures tested.

Isolation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Totally Chlorine Free Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pulp

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was isolated from a totally chlorine free (TCF) bleached oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) pulp via acid hydrolysis using a 58 % sulfuric acid concentration and ultrasonic treatment. The effects of acid concentration and hydrolysis time were investigated. Characterization of OPEFB–NCC was carried out using TEM, FTIR, 13C-NMR, XRD, zeta potential and TGA. The optimal hydrolysis time was 80 min as indicated by the leveling off of the OPEFB–NCC dimensions (length 150 nm and diameter 6.5 nm) with no significant loss of crystallinity at this point. The presence of a shoulder peak at 1231 cm−1 (assigned to a sulfate group) in the FTIR spectrum of NCC is indicative of a successful esterification. This is further corroborated by the 13C-NMR analysis whereby the distinct C4 amorphous and crystalline peaks present in OPEFB–TCF pulp had almost disappeared and the cluster of signals for C2, C3, C5, and a well separated signal of C6 had merged into one single peak in the OPEFB–NCC sample. These observations allude to most of the amorphous region having been removed and to the strong possibility of sulfonation having not only occurred on the C6, but also on C2 and C3. OPEFB–NCC isolated over shorter hydrolysis time was more thermally stable; however, the char fraction decreases with hydrolysis time despite having a higher zeta potential. The results of this investigation demonstrate that NCC can be produced from pulp made by chlorine free environmentally benign processes with ensuing savings in energy and chemicals.

The characteristic of Shengli brown coal fractions from heavy medium separation and its influence on CO2 gasification

CO2 gasification offers a relatively economical means for coal utilization while minimizing CO2 emission. Coal ash may play an important catalytic role; however, undesirable ash also causes troublesome problems in the process of CO2 gasification, especially for that of brown coal featuring high gasification activity and ash content. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the undesirable ash from the brown coal prior to the gasification. Heavy medium separation, one of the most popular ash removing clean technologies, could successfully separate coal fractions with various ash contents according to specific gravity. Consequentially, these coal or char fractions produced from pyrolysis in a newly designed quartz reactor were distinct in certain characteristics, such as ash and maceral compositions, specific surface area as well as carbon structure determined by Raman spectrum in this study, which, in turn, influenced the CO2 gasification of different char fractions both in the novel fixed-bed quartz reactor and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). Specifically, experimental results show that the heavier coal/char fractions had less vitrinite and exinite while more inertinite, leading to higher aromatization determinated by Raman spectrum. Carbon structure and content of exchangeable metal ion were the dominant contributors to the different behavior of coal fractions during the isothermal CO2 gasification, except at high conversion (more than 60wt.%, daf) of char fractions where ash content played a major role. For the non-isothermal CO2 gasification in TGA, heavier char fraction presented higher gasification reactivity due to its well-ordered pores.

Combustion kinetics of wet-torrefied forest residues using the distributed activation energy model (DAEM)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of wet torrefaction (WT) on the combustion reactivity and kinetics of Norwegian forest residues. The wet torrefaction temperature was varied at 175, 200, or 225°C. The combustion of the raw and torrefied forest residues was thermogravimetrically studied in synthetic air (21% O2 and 79% N2 in volume). The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) with four parallel reactions was adopted for the kinetic analysis. The results show that WT enhances the devolatilization reactivity of the forest residues, but too severe conditions reverse the trend. Moreover, torrefied forest residues are more reactive, and exhibit a broader and longer combustion stage than the raw residues. The extracted kinetic data confirm the removal of hemicellulose from the forest residues after WT. The kinetic parameters of cellulose and lignin increase after WT. In addition, the mass fraction of char is increased gradually with WT severity while its kinetic parameters are decreased by WT.

Comparative study on the thermal degradation of dry- and wet-torrefied woods

In this study, effects of dry and wet torrefaction on the pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of Norway spruce stem wood were directly compared. The dry- and wet-torrefied woods were produced at appropriate conditions on the basis of a similar mass yield. Thermal reactivity of the woods was thermogravimetrically studied in nitrogen and air to simulate pyrolysis and combustion conditions, followed by a kinetic evaluation employing multi-pseudo-component models. The results show that the woods devolatilize more actively in air than in nitrogen. Moreover, the devolatilization and combustion peaks of the dry-torrefied wood are always located at lower temperatures than those for the wet-torrefied woods. Also, the dry-torrefied wood shows a significantly higher combustion peak than the wet-torrefied woods, but it ends at a lower temperature. Dry torrefaction removes more hemicellulose from the wood than wet torrefaction, at comparable conditions. It appears that dry torrefaction has unpronounced effects on the activation energy of cellulose and lignin in the subsequent thermal conversion processes, while these figures increase after wet torrefaction. In addition, wet and dry torrefaction show opposite trends in the char combustion: while dry torrefaction increases both the activation energy and pre-exponential factor of char, wet torrefaction decreases these kinetic parameters. Nevertheless, the mass fraction of char for the wet-torrefied woods is slightly higher than that for the dry-torrefied wood.

Kinetics and Mechanism of CO2 Gasification of Chars from 11 Mongolian Lignites

This work investigated the kinetics and mechanism of CO2 gasification of chars from 11 types of Mongolian lignites (ash contents of 7–27 wt % dry) and the corresponding acid-washed (catalyst-free) lignites. The catalytic gasification contributed to 83–99% of the initial rate of char conversion to gas. The non-catalytic gasification obeyed first-order kinetics with respect to the fraction of unconverted char, 1 – X, with little or no effect of the physical property of char, such as specific surface area and porosity. The proposed kinetic model, which considered progress in parallel of non-catalytic and catalytic gasification, assumed the presence of three to four different types of catalysts together with a type of precursor, if necessary. The optimized kinetic parameters enabled quantitative description of the measured changes with time of X over its near entire range, X = 0–0.9995. The kinetic analysis revealed that the most and least active catalysts in each char had initial activities differing by 2–3 ...

PCDDs, PCDFs and PCNs in products of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of woody biomass--Distribution among solid, liquid and gaseous phases and effects of material composition.

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of lignocellulosic biomass is a technique that could potentially be used to produce and upgrade renewable energy carriers. However, there is no available information about the formation of dioxins and other organic pollutants in MAP treatment of woody biomass. In this study, MAP experiments were conducted in lab-scale using virgin softwood, bark, and impregnated wood as feedstocks. The non-condensable gas, liquid (fractionated into aqueous and oil phases), and char fractions generated during pyrolysis were collected and analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and naphthalenes (PCNs). The concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCNs in the pyrolysis products ranged from 0.52 to 43.7 ng kg(-1). All investigated compound groups were most abundant in the oil fraction, accounting for up to 68% (w/w) of the total concentrations. The highest PCDD, PCDF and PCN concentrations were found from the pyrolysis of bark, which has relatively high contents of chlorine and mineral matter, followed by impregnated wood, which contains organic and metal-based preservatives. The homologue profiles of all three compound groups were dominated by the less chlorinated homologues. The homologue abundance decreased as the degree of chlorination increased. This trend was observed for all three feedstocks.

Development of a numerical model for biomass packed bed pyrolysis based on experimental validation

A mathematical CFD model of pyrolysis process was developed to predict the volatiles in terms of tar and light gas as well as char fraction released in a biomass packed porous bed system. In particular, phenol was considered as tar representative while the main gas species were individually considered (in particular H2, CO, CO2, CH4 and steam). The model was implemented in a commercial CFD code through several original User Defined Functions (UDFs) to reproduce the source terms in the continuity, energy and chemical species mass fraction equations. Furthermore, both inertial and viscous resistances within the packed bed were modeled and coded to assess the pressure drop in the porous media. Code validation was achieved by comparing the numerical results against experimental data obtained in a small-scale biomass reactor using N2 as carrier gas. To assess the kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis model at different operating conditions, the experiments were carried out by varying, in a wide range, the temperature of both the N2 flux and reactor walls.

Simulation of biofuel production via fast pyrolysis of palm oil residues

The main purpose of this present work is to optimize the biofuel production from the fast pyrolysis of three palm oil residues, namely palm shell (PS), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesocarp fiber (MF). Hence, a biofuel process is simulated using SuperPro Designer (SPD) software. The simulation includes pretreatment, fast pyrolysis, product collection, and upgrading sections. The developed SPD model was validated firstly with published data of the fast pyrolysisof wood oak in fluidized bed reactor. Secondly, the influence of the operating conditions such as pyrolysis reactor temperature and residence time on the fast pyrolysis of the different residues was examined. The obtained results indicate that temperature at 550°C is suitable for obtaining a maximum liquid yield. Moreover, it was found that 0.5s is the optimized residence time to maximize this liquid yield. Above the optimum residence time, an increase in the gas fraction and a decrease of the bio-oil and char fractions are observed. Comparison of the different residues indicates that the higher yield of liquid fraction was obtained from the EFB and MF while pyrolysis of the PS produced a higher yield of char. These product yields were strongly correlated to the biomass polymer components. The obtained correlation was in agreement with the products yields found in literature for various biomass sources. The developed model provides very useful information about different conditions of pyrolysis for oil palm residues and product yields. Moreover, the model can be generalized and help to assist in the optimization of the fast pyrolysis process of different biomass without performing heavy experimental investigations. Such model will contribute strongly to the intensification and the improvement of the biomass fast pyrolysis.