Fractal Fractional Model Research Articles

A fractal-fractional model for complex fluid-flow with nanoparticles

Nanoparticles play an important role in nanofluids to enhance thermal conduction, and can be easily controlled by a magnetic force, so it can be widely used in nano/micro devices. This paper gives two mathematical models to describe the nanofluid flow, one is an approximate continuum model, in which the homotopy matching is used to deal the discontinuity between the fluid and nanoparticles, and the other is to use the conservation laws in a fractal space. The models give new physical insight into the particle fluid-flow.

Application of Fractal-Fractional Operators to Study a Lorenz Model

This paper will extend a straight forward system of nonlinear equations to the realm of fractal-fractional nonlinear systems and conduct a numerical analysis of the results. This paper present the fractal-fractional dynamics of a Lorenz model. Initially, we formulate the model and suggest some values for the parameters and initial conditions to show the model become chaotic. Then we apply the fractal-fractional operators in the sense of Caputo on the given model. For the fractal-fractional model in each operator, a novel numerical approach is presented. Some suitable values for the fractal and fractional orders are considered, and the graphical results are shown.

NEW NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR THE FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL MODEL OF DEATHLY LASSA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER DISEASE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH OPTIMAL ANALYSIS

When it comes to human care service challenges, it is critical to understand the dynamic behavior of the associated contagious diseases because non-Markovian effects play a significant role in their spread. This investigation takes a look into an etiological model directly linked to the complexities of Lassa hemorrhagic fever disease in pregnant women in Africa. This is a bacteriostatic fever and an outbreak illness. The aforesaid ailment in expectant mothers has adverse implications that first popped up in Africa. The etiological model was constructed for the first time utilizing a recently designed fractal-fractional (FF) operator based on the power law, exponential decay, and Mittag-Leffler kernels with fractional order and fractal dimension. We construct three schemes of successive approximations based on FF operators using Lagrange polynomials, and the fundamental reproducing number is determined to be [Formula: see text]. The existence and uniqueness of the suggested model’s mathematical technique are examined. The endemic and disease-free equilibria are also calculated. Eventually, simulated results of the framework are performed using the suggested numerical approach, and the outcomes in graphical representations quantify the effects of the projected and integrated characteristics and demonstrate that the ailment can be considerably governed or exterminated if the outbreak propagation rate is lessened and the rate of intervention is improved.

Fractal fractional analysis of non linear electro osmotic flow with cadmium telluride nanoparticles

Numerical simulations of non-linear Casson nanofluid flow were carried out in a microchannel using the fractal-fractional flow model. The nano-liquid is prepared by dispersing Cadmium Telluride nanoparticles in common engine oil. Using relative constitutive equations, the system of mathematical governing equations has been formulated along with initial and boundary conditions. Dimensionless variables have been used to obtain the non-dimensional form of the governing equations. The fractal-fractional model has been obtained by employing the fractal-fractional operator of the exponential kernel. As the exact solution of the non-linear fractal-fractional model is very tough to find, therefore the formulated model has been solved numerically via the Crank-Nicolson scheme. Various plots are generated for the inserted parameters. From the analysis, it has been observed that a greater magnitude of the electro-kinetic parameter slows down the fluid's velocity. It is also worth noting that the fractional and classical models can also be derived from the fractal-fractional model by taking the parameters tend to zero. From the analysis, it is also observed that in response to 0.04 volume fraction of cadmium telluride nanoparticles, the rate of heat transfer (Nusselt number) and rate of mass transfer (Sherwood number) increased by 15.27% and 2.07% respectively.

Remarks on Fractal-Fractional Malkus Waterwheel Model with Computational Analysis

In this paper, we investigate the fractal-fractional Malkus Waterwheel model in detail. We discuss the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the fractal-fractional model using the fixed point technique. We apply a very effective method to obtain the solutions of the model. We prove with numerical simulations the accuracy of the proposed method. We put in evidence the effects of the fractional order and the fractal dimension for a symmetric Malkus Waterwheel model.

A Study on the Fractal-Fractional Epidemic Probability-Based Model of SARS-CoV-2 Virus along with the Taylor Operational Matrix Method for Its Caputo Version

SARS-CoV-2 is a strain of the large coronavirus family that has led to COVID-19 disease. The virus has been one of the deadliest known viruses in the world to date. Rapid mutations and the creation of new strains cause researchers to focus on the dynamic behaviors of the virus and to analyze it accurately through clinical research and mathematical models. In this paper, from the point of view of mathematical modeling, we intend to focus on the dynamic behavior of the system and examine its analytical and numerical aspects in two different structures. In other words, by recalling newly formulated hybrid fractional-fractal operators, we present a fractal-fractional probability-based model of SARS-CoV-2 virus for the first time and extract its equivalent compact fractal-fractional IVP to investigate its existence and stability criteria. A type of special admissible contractions will help us in this regard. Moreover, based on the source data, we simulate our system according to algorithms derived by Adams-Bashforth method and explain the effects of variation of the dimension of fractal and fractional order on dynamics of solutions. Finally, we transform our fractal-fractional model into a Caputo probability-based model of SARS-CoV-2 to derive solutions via the operational matrix method under Taylor’s basis. The numerical simulations show close behaviors for both of models.

Some novel mathematical analysis on the fractal–fractional model of the AH1N1/09 virus and its generalized Caputo-type version

In this paper, we formulate a new model of a particular type of influenza virus called AH1N1/09 in the framework of the four classes consisting of susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered people. For the first time, we here investigate this model with the help of the advanced operators entitled the fractal–fractional operators with two fractal and fractional orders via the power law type kernels. The existence of solution for the mentioned fractal–fractional model of AH1N1/09 is studied by some special mappings such as ϕ−ψ-contractions and ϕ-admissibles. The Leray–Schauder theorem is also applied for this aim. After investigating the stability criteria in four versions, to approximate the desired numerical solutions, we implement Adams–Bashforth (AB) scheme and simulate the graphs for different data on the fractal and fractional orders. Lastly, we convert our fractal–fractional AH1N1/09 model into a fractional model via the generalized Liouville–Caputo-type (GLC-type) operators and then, we simulate new graphs caused by the new numerical scheme called Kumar–Erturk method.

Fractal-fractional order dynamics and numerical simulations of a Zika epidemic model with insecticide-treated nets

Fractional order and fractal order are mathematical tools that can be used to model real-world problems. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of these operators, we develop a new fractal-fractional model for the propagation of the Zika virus. This model includes insecticide-treated nets and the generalized fractal-fractional Mittag-Leffler kernel. The existence, uniqueness, and Ulam–Hyres stability conditions for the given system are determined. Using the Newton polynomial, the numerical scheme is described. From the numerical simulations, we notice that a change in the fractal-fractional order directly affects the dynamics of the Zika virus. We also notice that the use of fractal order only converges to faster than the use of fractional order only. Testing the inherent potency of insecticide-treated nets when the fractal-fractional order is 0.99 indicates that increased use of insecticide-treated nets increases the number of healthy humans. The fractal-fractional analysis captures the geometric pattern of the Zika virus that is repeated at every scale, which cannot be captured by classical geometry. This backs up the idea that the best way to control the disease is to know enough about how it spread in the past.

A Study on Dynamics of CD4+ T-Cells under the Effect of HIV-1 Infection Based on a Mathematical Fractal-Fractional Model via the Adams-Bashforth Scheme and Newton Polynomials

In recent decades, AIDS has been one of the main challenges facing the medical community around the world. Due to the large human deaths of this disease, researchers have tried to study the dynamic behaviors of the infectious factor of this disease in the form of mathematical models in addition to clinical trials. In this paper, we study a new mathematical model in which the dynamics of CD4+ T-cells under the effect of HIV-1 infection are investigated in the context of a generalized fractal-fractional structure for the first time. The kernel of these new fractal-fractional operators is of the generalized Mittag-Leffler type. From an analytical point of view, we first derive some results on the existence theory and then the uniqueness criterion. After that, the stability of the given fractal-fractional system is reviewed under four different cases. Next, from a numerical point of view, we obtain two numerical algorithms for approximating the solutions of the system via the Adams-Bashforth method and Newton polynomials method. We simulate our results via these two algorithms and compare both of them. The numerical results reveal some stability and a situation of lacking a visible order in the early days of the disease dynamics when one uses the Newton polynomial.

Sensitivity analysis of COVID-19 with quarantine and vaccination: A fractal-fractional model

To eradicate most infectious diseases, mathematical modelling of contagious diseases has revealed that a combination of quarantine, vaccination, and cure is frequently required. However, eradicating the disease will remain a difficult task if they aren't provided at the appropriate time and in the right quantity. Control analysis has been shown to be an effective way for discovering the best approaches to preventing the spread of contagious diseases through the development of disease preventive interventions. The method comprises reducing the cost of infection, implementing control measures, or both. In order to gain a better understanding of COVID-19′s future dynamics, this study presents a compartmental mathematical model. The problem is modelled as a highly nonlinear coupled system of classical order ODEs, which is then generalised using the Mittag-Leffler kernel's fractal-fractional derivative. The uniqueness of the fractional model under discussion has also been demonstrated. The boundedness and non-negativity of the considered model are also established. The next generation technique is used to examine basic reproduction, anddisease free and endemic equilibrium. We used reported cases from Australia in this investigation due to the high risk of infection. The reported cases are considered between 1st July 2021 and 20th August 2021. On the basis of previous data, the spread of infection is predicted for the next 600 days which is shown through different graphs. The graphical solution of the considered nonlinear model is obtained via numerical scheme by implementing the MATLAB software. Based on the fitted values of parameters, the basic reproduction number R0 is calculated as R0≈1.58276. Furthermore, the impact of fractional and fractal parameter on the disease spread among different classes is demonstrated. In addition, the impact of quarantine and vaccination on infected people is dramatically depicted. It's been argued that public awareness of the quarantine and effective vaccination can drastically reduce infection rates in the population.

A fractal fractional model for thermal analysis of GO − NaAlg − Gr hybrid nanofluid flow in a channel considering shape effects

In this work, the currently proposed fractal fractional operator with a power-law kernel is applied to study the dynamics of a hybrid nanofluid. This hybrid nanofluid is composed of graphite oxide (GO) and graphene (Gr) nanoparticles and contains sodium alginate (Sa) as the host fluid. One of the critical factors that influence the performance of hybrid nanofluids is the shape of nanoparticles therefore, an in-depth treatment is given to the shape factor and for this purpose, nanoparticles of five different shapes are considered in this analysis. The geometrical configuration of this study includes two vertical walls separated from each other by a distance h. The right wall is constantly heated while to observe the flow phenomenon two different cases are considered. In the first case, the right wall is stationary and the second case involves a moving right wall. A power-law kernel based fractal fractional operator is employed to develop the governing equations of the problem and the solutions of this newly constructed model are procured by the dint of the Laplace transformation. To anticipate the thermal efficiency of the working hybrid nanofluid a comprehensive study is conducted for the heat transfer rate. Moreover, the behavior of shear stress corresponding to the impacts of several parameters is also analyzed with the help of velocity gradient. For an extensive inspection of the problem, graphical illustrations, tables, and bar graphs are developed using the “MATLAB”. The results suggest that an improvement of 34% in the thermal efficacy of sodium alginate can be acquired by evenly distributing GO and Gr nanoparticles, which certainly enhances its practical usability. Besides, it is noticed that energy and velocity functions possess maximum values for a fractal fractional operator as equated to those of the fractional operator. Hence, it can be concluded that a joint fractal fractional approach delineates the memory effects more effectively as compared to the individual classical or fractional approaches.

Fractal–fractional model and numerical scheme based on Newton polynomial for Q fever disease under Atangana–Baleanu derivative

Scientists and researchers are increasingly interested in mathematical modelling of infectious diseases with non-integer order. It is self-evident that a fixed order can only characterize classical models in epidemiology, but models with fractional-order derivatives are not fixed order. When a derivative has a non-fixed order, it becomes more potent in representing real-world problems. Different fresh techniques concerning fractional operators, such as the exponential decay and the Mittag-Leffler kernel, have been proposed in recent years, which transcend the constraints of prior fractional-order derivatives. These novel operators are functional in modelling problems in science and engineering—a more recent operator in fractional calculus, known as the fractal–fractional operator. Fractal–fractional operators have not been frequently utilized to explore complex dynamics of infectious disease spread in an ecosystem. In this paper, a novel fractal–fractional operator is used to study the dynamics of Q fever in livestock and ticks. Fixed point theorem is used to prove the model’s existence and uniqueness under the Atangana–Baleanu (Mittag-Leffler kernel) fractal–fractional operator. A non-linear analysis is used to determine the model’s Hyers–Ulam stability. A numerical scheme for the Q fever disease using the newly constructed numerical scheme based on Newton polynomial is presented. The numerical simulation of the model shows some exciting dynamics of the disease in an ecosystem. The fractal–fractional dynamism shows that a change in the geometric pattern of nature also affects the spread of Q fever. For example, it is noticed that the fractal dimensions and fractional order produces different asymptotic stabilities for symptomatic livestock, Coxiella burnetii in the environment, susceptible and infected ticks. It is of a view that this study will also contribute to the rich dynamics of the fractal and the fractional perspective of disease spread in nature.

Finite Difference Simulation of Fractal-Fractional Model of Electro-Osmotic Flow of Casson Fluid in a Micro Channel

In this work, an evolving definition of the fractal-fractional operator with exponential kernel was employed to examine Casson fluid flow with the electro-osmotic phenomenon. Electrically conducted Casson fluid flow with the effect of the electro-osmotic phenomenon has been assumed in a vertical microchannel. With the help of relative constitutive equations, the local mathematical model is formulated in terms of partially coupled partial differential equations along with appropriate physical initial and boundary conditions. The dimensional governing equations have been non-dimensional by using relative similarity variables to encounter the units and reduce the variables. The local mathematical model has been transformed to a fractal-fractional model by using a fractal-fractional derivative operator with exponential kernel and then analyze numerically with the discretization of finite difference (Crank-Nicolson) scheme. For an insight view of the proposed phenomena, various plots are drawn in respect of inserted parameter. From the graphical analysis, it has been observed that the electro-kinetic <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parameter retards the fluid’s motion. It is also worth noting that graphs for the fractal-fractional, fractional, and classical order parameters have been drawn. Due to the fractal order parameter, it was revealed that the fractal-fractional order model has a larger memory effect than the fractional-order and classical models.

Fractal-fractional SIRS epidemic model with temporary immunity using Atangana-Baleanu derivative

The basic SIRS deterministic model is one of the powerful and important compartmental modeling frameworks that serve as the foundation for a variety of epidemiological models and investigations. In this study, a nonlinear Atangana-Baleanu fractal-fractional SIRS epidemiological model is proposed and analysed. The model’s equilibrium points (disease-free and endemic) are studied for local asymptotic stability. The existence of the model’s solution and its uniqueness, as well as the Hyers-Ulam stability analysis, are established. Numerical solutions and phase portraits for the fractal-fractional model are generated using a recently constructed and effective Newton polynomial-based iterative scheme for nonlinear dynamical fractal-fractional model problems. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that fractal-fractional dynamic modeling is a very useful and appropriate mathematical modeling tool for developing and studying epidemiological models.

Identification of numerical solutions of a fractal-fractional divorce epidemic model of nonlinear systems via anti-divorce counseling

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;p&gt;Divorce is the dissolution of two parties' marriage. Separation and divorce are the major obstacles to the viability of a stable family dynamic. In this research, we employ a basic incidence functional as the source of interpersonal disagreement to build an epidemiological framework of divorce outbreaks via the fractal-fractional technique in the Atangana-Baleanu perspective. The research utilized Lyapunov processes to determine whether the two steady states (divorce-free and endemic steady state point) are globally asymptotically robust. Local stability and eigenvalues methodologies were used to examine local stability. The next-generation matrix approach also provides the fundamental reproducing quantity $ \bar{\mathbb{R}_{0}} $. The existence and stability of the equilibrium point can be assessed using $ \bar{\mathbb{R}}_0 $, demonstrating that counseling services for the separated are beneficial to the individuals' well-being and, as a result, the population. The fractal-fractional Atangana-Baleanu operator is applied to the divorce epidemic model, and an innovative technique is used to illustrate its mathematical interpretation. We compare the fractal-fractional model to a framework accommodating different fractal-dimensions and fractional-orders and deduce that the fractal-fractional data fits the stabilized marriages significantly and cannot break again.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

Theoretical and numerical analysis of fractal fractional model of tumor-immune interaction with two different kernels

Fractal fractional operators in Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio sense are being used in this manuscript to explore the interaction between the immune system and cancer cells. The tumour-immune model has been investigated numerically and theoretically by the singular and non-singular fractal fractional operators. Via fixed point theorems, the existence and uniqueness of the model under the Caputo fractal fractional operator have been demonstrated. Using the fixed point theory, the existence of a unique solution has been derived under the Caputo-Fabrizio case. Through nonlinear analysis, the Ulam-Hyres stability of the model has been derived. For the singular and nonsingular fractal fractional operators, numerical results have been developed by Lagrangian-piece wise interpolation. We simulate the numerical results for the various sets of fractional and fractal orders to describe the relationship between immune and cancer cells under the novel operators with two different kernels. We compared the dynamics of the tumor-immune model using a power law and an exponential-decay kernel to explore that the nonsingular fractal fractional operator provides better dynamics for the considered model.

A FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL 2019-NCOV MODEL OF MAJOR DISASTER FOR HUMAN LIFE

The purpose of this research is to explore the spread dynamics of a novel coronavirus outbreak, or 2019-nCOV via a fractional approach of type fractal-fractional (FF) derivative. We considered the FF approach in sense of the Atangana–Baleanu derivative for the system 2019-nCOV. In the FF operator, when we choose fractional-order one, we achieve the fractal model and when choosing fractal order one then we obtain a fractional model and while considering both the operators together we obtain the fractal-fractional model. The obtained results show via graphics for the different collections of fractal and fractional orders. The graphical results show the new operator impacts on a practical situation in a more visual way.

Dynamics of fractal-fractional model of a new chaotic system of integrated circuit with Mittag-Leffler kernel

Fractal-fractional operators have been crucial in detecting some hidden chaotic phenomena that could not be exposed using classical or simple fractional differential and integral operators. To provide new possibilities for capturing more chaotic behaviors, the present study is carried out for the dynamics of a new chaotic system by implementing fractal-fractional differential operator of Mittag-Leffler type kernel. It is also theoretically proved that the present model will have at least one solution and it will also have a unique solution. Numerical scheme is implemented through MATLAB software for the graphical solution of the proposed problem. Some results are found and portrayed through different graphs.

Analysis of newly developed fractal-fractional derivative with power law kernel for MHD couple stress fluid in channel embedded in a porous medium

Fractal-fractional derivative is a new class of fractional derivative with power Law kernel which has many applications in real world problems. This operator is used for the first time in such kind of fluid flow. The big advantage of this operator is that one can formulate models describing much better the systems with memory effects. Furthermore, in real world there are many problems where it is necessary to know that how much information the system carries. To explain the memory in a system fractal-fractional derivatives with power law kernel is analyzed in the present work. Keeping these motivation in mind in the present paper new concept of fractal-fractional derivative for the modeling of couple stress fluid (CSF) with the combined effect of heat and mass transfer have been used. The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of CSF is taken in channel with porous media in the presence of external pressure. The constant motion of the left plate generates the CSF motion while the right plate is kept stationary. The non-dimensional fractal-fractional model of couple stress fluid in Riemann–Liouville sense with power law is solved numerically by using the implicit finite difference method. The obtained solutions for the present problem have been shown through graphs. The effects of various parameters are shown through graphs on velocity, temperature and concentration fields. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles of the MHD CSF in channel with porous media decreases for the greater values of both fractional parameter alpha and fractal parameter beta respectively. From the graphical results it can be noticed that the fractal-fractional solutions are more general as compared to classical and fractional solutions of CSF motion in channel. Furthermore, the fractal-fractional model of CSF explains good memory effect on the dynamics of couple stress fluid in channel as compared to fractional model of CSF. Finally, the skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are evaluated and presented in tabular form.

A fractal fractional model for computer virus dynamics

The gist behind this study is to extend the classical computer virus model into fractal fractional model and subsequently to solve the model by Atangana-Toufik method. This method solve nonlinear model under consideration very efficiently. We use the Mittag-Leffler kernels on the proposed model. Atangana-Baleanu integral operator is used to solve the set of fractal-fractional expressions. In this model, three types of equilibrium points are described i.e trivial, virus free and virus existing points. These fixed points are used to establish some standard results to discuss the stability of the system by calculating the Jacobian matrices at these points. Routh-Hurwitz criteria is used to verify that the system is locally asymptotically stable at all the steady states. The emphatic role of the basic reproduction number R0 is also brought into lime light for stability analysis. Sensitivity analysis of R0 is also discussed. Optimal existence and uniqueness of the solution is the nucleus of this study. Computer simulations and patterns and graphical patterns illustrate reliability and productiveness of the proposed method.