Fourth Unit Research Articles

The Competency Assessment Model for Public Transport Drivers based on the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (KKNI) uses Analytical Hierarchy Process

This driver behavior assessment model discusses the expertise of public transport drivers based on the national Work Qualification with graduate competency standards (SKL). Graduate competency standards have parameters, namely competence, competency elements and graduation indicators. From these three parameters, the competency unit is abbreviated as UK, the competency element is abbreviated as EK, and the graduation indicator is abbreviated as IK. Assessment of the first competency unit is upon attitudes and values, the second competency unit is upon the ability in the field of work, the third competency unit isupon the area of ​​knowledge mastered and the fourth competency unit is upon the rights and responsibilities. The first competency unit has 6 competency elements and 6 graduation indicators, the second competency unit has 27 competency elements and 41 graduation indicators, the third competency unit has 6 competencies and 11 graduation indicators, the fourth competency unit has 2 competency elements and 4 graduation indicators. The first unit is abbreviated as UK1, the first competency element is abbreviated as EK1, while for the first indicator of graduation is abbreviated as IK1. The combination of UK1, EK1 and IK1 becomes UK1EK1. The combination of the first competency unit becomes the first competency element and combined to become the first graduation indicator then becomes UK1IK1, and so do the next competency unit up to the fourth competency unit. The completion stages of this discussion is carried out in four steps, namely problem identification, model design, implementation and system evaluation. The calculation process uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

Petrophysical Characteristics and Reservoir Modeling of Mishirf Formation at Noor Oil Field, South of Iraq

Petrophysical properties of the Mishrif reservoir at Noor oil field have been done. Based on the interpretation of the open hole data from wells (No-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) .Which have been calculated total porosity, effective and secondary porosity, water and hydrocarbon saturation (moveable and residual hydrocarbon) in invaded and uninvaded zones. Depends on the calculated of petrophysical properties, Mishrif Formation can be divided into eight reservoir units (RU-1 to 8), separated by eight caped rock units (barrier) (Bar-1 to Bar8). Three-dimensional reservoir model of oil saturation was constructed using the Petrel Software, (2009). Distribution of these petrophysical properties for each reservoir unit within the studied field has been done. The results showed that the best reservoir units are the second, fourth and first reservoir unit. It’s worth mentioned here that the heterogeneity of the thicknesses of these units and its individual direction. In addition, observed that the oil saturation increases towards the north of the field at the well (No-5) and the center of the field at the well (No-4).

The analysis of 9th grade chemistry curriculum and textbook according to revised Bloom’s taxonomy

The aim of this study is to taxonomically analyse the 9th grade Turkish chemistry curriculum. A descriptive analysis method is used throughout the study. The document analysis is applied as a method to construct the codes and themes to reflect the results of the study. The results of the study exhibit that most of learning outcomes of the 9th grade chemistry curriculum focus on understand level (61%), and other levels of outcomes are remember (16%), apply (5%), analyse (13%), evaluate (0%) and create (5%). In addition, learning outcomes in the distribution of the cognitive domain are conceptual knowledge (79%), factual knowledge (16%), metacognitive knowledge (5%) and procedural knowledge (0%). The analysis of the textbook clearly shows that majority of the outcomes of units are based on conceptual knowledge and factual knowledge in particular units; however, the textbook has no learning outcomes as procedural and metacognitive in some units such as second, third and fourth units.
 Keywords: Chemistry curriculum; revised Bloom’s taxonomy; secondary science education;

Leafy liverworts of Chapada das Mesas National Park: a floristic survey and checklist of the leafy liverworts of Maranhão state, Brazil

Chapada das Mesas National Park (CMNP) is the fourth largest conservation unit in Maranhão state and an important area for the study of bryophytes due to its geomorphological characteristics, predominant vegetation, and water potential. The aim of our study was to investigate the richness and composition of leafy liverwort species in CMNP, discuss the importance of this area in the state, and present an updated checklist of the leafy liverworts for Maranhão. Our botanical material was collected during four excursions to the park. The checklist was mainly based on literature reports. Forty-one species and two varieties in eight families and 20 genera were identified in CMNP. From the state of Maranhão, 106 species and two varieties in nine families and 39 genera are reported. Our survey of bryophytes in CMNP resulted in the first records from Maranhão of 19 species. Lejeunea juruana Gradst. & M.E.Reiner is also newly found in the Northeastern region of Brazil and in the Cerrado domain.

Кременеобробний комплекс четвертого житла Межиріцького верхньопалеолітичного поселення

In order to determine the degree of relatedness of archaeological sites, it is important to study lithic assemblages originated from relatively closed archaeological objects and which can serve as a reference for a comparative analysis of several industries. This article analyses a separate archaeological object - a flint Workshop 1 - against the background of the overall structure of the lithic assemblage of the fourth household unit. The Workshop 1 was discovered during the excavations of the fourth dwelling of the Mezhyrich epigravettian site in 2018-2020. The history of the study of this dwelling and lithic assemblage of the fourth unit, the conditions of detection and the context of the Workshop 1 location, the typological-statistical and technological features of the flint artifacts, obtained as a result of the latest excavations of the fourth dwelling filling, are given. Analysis of the distribution of finds together with stratigraphic observations allow us to assert at least two living surfaces into the dwelling. Planigraphic features of the trench studied in dwelling demonstrate the functional specialization of different parts of the interior space. The study revealed two different areas on both sides of the central part with the remains of the hearth. Cultural remains in the south-western part testify to fur and leather processing operations here, while in the north-eastern part of the trench there is clear evidence of flint knapping operations and the manufacture of tools, which in turn related to leather processing. Data on the spatial distribution of flint products in other dwellings of the Mezhyrich settlement reveal common features in the organization of living space. Such peculiarities of the behaviour of the prehistoric inhabitants require the search for more distant analogies on the mezhyrichian industry sites and among the Upper Palaeolithic population of Eastern Europe in general. Keywords: Upper Palaeolithic, Epigravettian, household unit, workshop, lithic technology.

Hydrogeophysical investigation at El Moghra Area, North Western Desert, Egypt

El Moghra area, in the western desert of Egypt, is an important part of the national reclamation project (1.5 million acres—6.07 × 109 m2), which depends on the groundwater of El Moghra Formation (MF), the main aquifer in this area. Moghra Oasis and its surroundings are characterized by vast areas of good soil, which are favorable for agricultural development. In this respect, ambitious plans and successful programs are urgently required. Thirty-one vertical electrical sounding stations (VES’s) were measured in El Moghra. The results of quantitative interpretation of such stations and well logging data indicate that the subsurface stratigraphy of the investigated area consists of six geo-electrical units where the main aquifer is represented by the fourth and sixth units intercalated with a clay unit (fifth unit). Thirteen boreholes of depth reaching 200 m are drilled in the study area. The hydrochemical analyses for collected samples indicate that the salinity of the groundwater in the Moghra area increases with depth. The result of the pumping test for boreholes indicates that the efficiency of the wells is ranging from 65 to 96% of the average value of 84.5%. The aquifer has transmissivity which represents a highly potential aquifer.

Kurilosides A1, A2, C1, D, E and F-Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin): Structures with Unusual Non-Holostane Aglycones and Cytotoxicities.

Six new monosulfated triterpene tetra-, penta- and hexaosides, namely, the kurilosides A1 (1), A2 (2), C1 (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6), as well as the known earlier kuriloside A (7), having unusual non-holostane aglycones without lactone, have been isolated from the sea cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin) (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida), collected in the Sea of Okhotsk near Onekotan Island from a depth of 100 m. Structures of the glycosides were established by 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass spectrometry. Kurilosides of the groups A and E contain carbohydrate moieties with a rare architecture (a pentasaccharide branched by C(4) Xyl1), differing from each other in the second monosaccharide residue (quinovose or glucose, correspondingly); kurilosides of the group C are characterized by a unique tetrasaccharide branched by a C(4) Xyl1 sugar chain; and kurilosides of the groups D and F are hexaosides differing from each other in the presence of an O-methyl group in the fourth (terminal) sugar unit. All these glycosides contain a sulfate group at C-6 of the glucose residue attached to C-4 Xyl1 and the non-holostane aglycones have a 9(11) double bond and lack γ-lactone. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–7 against mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a, normal epithelial JB-6 cells and erythrocytes were studied. Kuriloside A1 (1) was the most active compound in the series, demonstrating strong cytotoxicity against the erythrocytes and JB-6 cells and a moderate effect against Neuro 2a cells.

Joint inversion of potential-fields data over the DO-27 kimberlite pipe using a Gaussian mixture model prior

We have carried out petrophysically and geologically guided inversions (PGIs) to jointly invert airborne and ground-based gravity data and airborne magnetic data to recover a quasi-geology model of the DO-27 kimberlite pipe in the Tli Kwi Cho (also referred to as TKC) cluster. DO-27 is composed of three main kimberlite rock types in contact with each other and embedded in a granitic host rock covered by a thin layer of glacial till. The pyroclastic kimberlite (PK), which is diamondiferous, and the volcanoclastic kimberlite (VK) have anomalously low density, due to their high porosity, and weak magnetic susceptibility. They are indistinguishable from each other based upon their potential-field responses. The hypabyssal kimberlite (HK), which is not diamondiferous, has been identified as highly magnetic and remanent. Quantitative petrophysical signatures for each rock unit are obtained from sample measurements, such as the increasing density of the PK/VK unit with depth and the remanent magnetization of the HK unit, and are represented as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). This GMM guides the PGI toward generating a 3D quasi-geology model with physical properties that satisfies the geophysical data sets and the petrophysical signatures. Density and magnetization models recovered individually yield volumes that have physical property combinations that do not conform to any known petrophysical characteristics of the rocks in the area. A multiphysics PGI addresses this problem by using the GMM as a coupling term, but it puts a volume of the PK/VK unit at a location that is incompatible with geologic information from drillholes. To conform to that geologic knowledge, a fourth unit is introduced, PK-minor, which is petrophysically and geographically distinct from the main PK/VK unit. This inversion produces a quasi-geology model that presents good structural locations of the diamondiferous PK unit and can be used to provide a resource estimate or decide the locations of future drillholes.

Analytical solution of reactive hybrid cells in series (HCIS) model for pollution transport through the rivers

ABSTRACT The application of accurate transport models is critical in tracer routing through river reaches. Reactive models are widely used because of the reaction and degradation properties of some pollutants with bed and bank materials, and cell-based theoretical models are among the most popular for contaminant transport simulation. This study investigates the reactive form of cells in a series model. A new analytical equation is proposed that includes a degradation term for sudden mass release in a river reach. To consider the inaccuracy of previously proposed equations, we attempted to rearrange separate transport actions such as advection, dispersion and degradation through the cells of a length unit. The cell residence times of mixed cells were equated, and the degradation action was only forced to the second cell. The parameter number of the solution was lower than in previously proposed models. Synthetic datasets of the advection–dispersion–degradation equation were used to examine model performance. The model was found to work well in the first and later units. The numerical convolution method was used in the second to fourth units, and it also fitted synthetic data. The previously proposed equation of reactive HCISD was imprecise in the convolution method.

Amphiphilic molecular brushes with regular polydimethylsiloxane backbone and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline side chains. 1. Synthesis, characterization and conformation in solution

The samples of molecular brushes with a polydimethylsiloxane backbone and side chains of poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline have been synthesized. Regular polydimethylsiloxane with undecene tosylate groups in every fourth siloxane unit was used as a macroinitiator. Two prepared samples are characterized by the same grafting density of side chains, but their different length and copolymer molar mass, 400,000 and 710000 g⋅mol−1. Solution behavior study revealed that macroinitiator and its precursor are flexible-chain polymers and macroinitiator’s thermodynamic rigidity is similar to one of polydimethylsiloxane. It was shown that the conformation of the graft copolymer molecules in a selective solvent resembles a polymer star because of the backbone of molecular brushes is strongly folded and shielded from the solvent by the side chains. The thermoresponsiveness of the synthesized molecular brushes in aqueous solutions has been demonstrated.

Revised stratigraphic framework for the lower Anti-Atlas Supergroup based on U–Pb geochronology of magmatic and detrital zircons (Zenaga and Bou Azzer-El Graara inliers, Anti-Atlas Belt, Morocco)

U–Pb geochronology of magmatic and detrital zircons (Zenaga and Bou Azzer-El Graara inliers, Anti-Atlas Belt, Morocco) and a reassessment of the published constraints suggest a revised stratigraphic framework for the lower Anti-Atlas Supergroup. Five major unconformity-bounded lithostratigraphic packages are here distinguished: the two lower units of Paleoproterozoic age are named the Tasserda-Taghatine Group (2030–1706 Ma) and the Oumoula (Mimount) Formation (ca. 1745–1650 Ma); the third unit of Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic age (ca. 1650 to >883 Ma) is the Tizi n’Taghatine Group; the fourth and fifth units of Neoproterozoic age are the ca. 883 Ma Tachdamt and the ca. 700 Ma Bleida formations. Implications of this revised stratigraphic framework include: 1) the Tasserda-Taghatine Group might be linked to the post-orogenic collapse after the Eburnean Orogeny; 2) the Tizi n’Taghatine Group might be ca. 1.1 Ga in age based on proposed correlation with the Taoudeni Basin succession in Mauritania; 3) the Bleida Formation likely reflects deposition in the foreland basin at the early stage of the Pan-African Orogeny; 4) the Oumoula (Mimount) Formation, Tizi n’Taghatine Group, and Tachdamt Formation potentially record extensional events within the Nuna/Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents; 5) the provenance of the lower Anti-Atlas Supergroup (based on our new detrital zircon dating) is mainly from the West African craton along with possible contributions from other cratons such as Amazonia and the Sahara Metacraton; 6) the flood basalt sequence of the Tachdamt Formation likely belongs to the ca. 885-883 Ma intraplate Iguerda-Taïfast Large Igneous Province (LIP) event defined by previously dated dykes in the Iguerda and Taïfast inliers; and 7) the 1650 Ma Zenaga LIP can be potentially linked with LIP magmatism in Baltica and Laurentia.

أستاذ علم النفس التربوی المشارک، قسم مهارات تطویر الذات، جامعة حائل – المملکة العربیة السعودیة The Educational Role of the Friday Preacher in Promoting Moderate Thought to Face the Contemporary Challenges

هدف البحث بيان الدور التربوي لخطيب الجمعة في تعزيز الفکر المعتدل لمواجهة التحديات المعاصرة، وتکون من مقدمة وستة مباحث وخاتمة، فأما المقدمة فإنها تمهد للموضوع ببيان أهميته، والمنهجية المتبعة في دراسته، والمشکلة التي يناقشها وتساؤلاته وأهدافه، وأهم المصطلحات، وتختتم المقدمة بذکر أبرز الدراسات السابقة وعلاقتها بالدراسة الحالية، وأهم الاختلافات بينهما، وأما المباحث الستة، فأولها عرض بعض التحديات التي تواجه تحقق الفکر المعتدل، وثانيها يوضح المنهج النبوي التربوي لدور خطيب الجمعة، وثالثها حول الأدوار التربوية للخطيب في قيادة فکر المجتمع وتوجيهه، ورابعها مخصص لذکر أهم المؤسسات التربوية لدور الخطيب، والمبحث الخامس تناول الأساليب التربوية لدور الخطيب، أما المبحث السادس فتناول بعض الخطوات العلمية للدور التربوي لخطيب الجمعة في تنمية الفکر المعتدل، ثم الخاتمة وبها أهم النتائج والتوصيات ومن أبرز نتائج البحث ما يلي: يعد صلى الله عليه وسلم قدوة للخطيب في تربية المجتمع على الفکر المعتدل، وقاية وعلاجا، لم تقتصر الوسطية على أقوال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وتوجيهاته، بل کانت أيضا في أفعاله وممارساته اليومية، أن الاستهزاء بالدين وأهله من أخطر أنواع التطرف، ويتم التعامل مع مرتکبيه حسب ما يقتضيه الموقف ويراه ولي الأمر مناسبا، ومنها أن باب التوبة مفتوح لجميع المتطرفين، مهما بلغت درجة تطرفهم، يتمثل الخطيب أدوارا متعددة في المجتمع، من أبرزها دور القائد التربوي الناصح، وهو أيضا يعرف جمهور خطبته وما يحتاجونه جميعا في هذا الموقف المعين بشکل. The present research aimed to clarify the educational role of the Friday preacher in promoting moderate thought to face contemporary challenges. The research consists of an introduction, six units and a conclusion. As for the introduction, it paves the way for the issue by stating its importance, the methodology used in the study, the problem addressed, the questions, the objectives and the most important terms. The study concluded with mentioning the most prominent previous studies and its relationship to the current study and the most important differences between them. The first unit presents some challenges facing the realization of moderate thought and the second one clarifies the prophetic educational approach to the role of the Friday preacher. The third unit addressed the educational roles of the preacher in leading and guiding the thought of society. The fourth unit illustrated the most important educational institutions who are playing role in the preparation of the preacher. The fifth unit dealt with the educational methods of the role of the preacher and the sixth one overviewed some scientific steps for the educational role of the Friday preacher in developing moderate thought. The conclusion tackled the most important results and recommendations. The results of the research revealed that the Prophet Peace Be Upon Him is an example for the preacher in educating society in moderate thought. Moderation was not delimited to the sayings and directions of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him), but it was also reflected in his daily actions and practices. The mockery of religion is one of the most dangerous types of extremism and it must be faced according to what the situation requires and the guardian deems appropriate including that the door to repentance is open to all extremists regardless of their degree of extremism. The preacher plays the role of the educational advisor leader. He knows what he needs in terms of leadership skills that are suitable for his mosque community, and he also knows his audience.

Population differentiation and historical demography of the threatened snowy plover Charadrius nivosus (Cassin, 1858)

Delineating conservation units is a complex and often controversial process that is particularly challenging for highly vagile species. Here, we reassess population genetic structure and identify those populations of highest conservation value in the threatened snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus, Cassin, 1858), a partial migrant shorebird endemic to the Americas. We use four categories of genetic data—mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), microsatellites, Z-linked and autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—to: (1) assess subspecies delineation and examine population structure (2) compare the sensitivity of the different types of genetic data to detect spatial genetic patterns, and (3) reconstruct demographic history of the populations analysed. Delineation of two traditionally recognised subspecies was broadly supported by all data. In addition, microsatellite and SNPs but not mtDNA supported the recognition of Caribbean snowy plovers (C. n. tenuirostris) and Floridian populations (eastern C. n. nivosus) as distinct genetic lineage and deme, respectively. Low migration rates estimated from autosomal SNPs (m < 0.03) reflect a general paucity of exchange between genetic lineages. In contrast, we detected strong unidirectional migration (m = 0.26) from the western into the eastern nivosus deme. Within western nivosus, we found no genetic differentiation between coastal Pacific and inland populations. The correlation between geographic and genetic distances was weak but significant for all genetic data sets. All demes showed signatures of bottlenecks occurring during the past 1000 years. We conclude that at least four snowy plover conservation units are warranted: in addition to subspecies nivosus and occidentalis, a third unit comprises the Caribbean tenuirostris lineage and a fourth unit the distinct eastern nivosus deme.

Molecularly imprinted polymer-based photonic crystal sensor array for the discrimination of sulfonamides

In this paper, molecular imprinting and photonic crystal techniques were combined to construct a four-channel sensor array for the simultaneous identification of various sulfonamides. The assay was composed of four units. Three of these units were prepared using sulfaguanidine, sulfamethazine, or sulfathiazole as template molecules. The fourth unit was prepared without a template molecule. The preparation was optimized to obtain maximum identification with a molar ratio of template, monomer, and cross-linker of 1:50:10. The response time was as short as 10 min. For demonstration, six sulfonamides were selected as analytes. The Bragg diffraction patterns of analytes at different concentrations were measured using the sensor array. Data obtained were analyzed using linear discrimination analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA). LDA can be applied for SAs discrimination. The message ratios of 87.6%, 94.4%, and 95.8% for six SAs at 10−4 mol L−1, 10−6 mol L−1, and 10−8 mol L−1 were achieved using LDA. The sensor array identified the mixture containing various SAs with an LDA coefficient of 86.1%, thereby indicating that the sensor array had a strong anti-interference ability. The sensor array was used to identify six SAs in fish samples. The measured data in spiked samples were consistent with the fingerprint collected from standard solutions. The accuracy rate reached 90.9%, indicating that the array can be used to identify SAs from food samples.

Integrating Sustainable Development Requirements into the Secondary Stage Chemistry Curriculum in Egypt

Abstract The problem of the current research lies in the need to integrate some requirements of the sustainable development (SD) in secondary school chemistry curriculum. The research specifically seeks to answer the following question: What “requirements of sustainable development” should be taught in the secondary school chemistry curriculum in Egypt? To that end, the researcher analyzed the content of chemistry curricula in the three grades of secondary education in Egypt for the school year 2017–2018, and prepared a list of 57 SD requirements. It should be noted that fifteen requirements of sustainable development at the second-grade secondary stage were distributed into five units; the third unit included one requirement; the fourth unit comprised four requirements; and the fifth unit – one requirement. Regarding curriculum at the third-grade secondary stage, 17 requirements of sustainable development were integrated and distributed along five units.

THE USE OF MULTI-TEMPORAL SENTINEL SATELLITES IN THE ANALYSIS OF LAND COVER/LAND USE CHANGES CAUSED BY THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION

Abstract. Turkey, due to increased demand for energy has made plans for nuclear power generation since 1970. Sinop Nuclear Power Plant, which will be built on Sinop İnceburun peninsula at the Black Sea coast of Turkey, is one of the three different nuclear power plants planned to be built in Turkey. The Sinop Nuclear Power Plant consist of four different reactors. The construction of the first unit is expected to be completed by 2023, and the fourth unit is planned to be activated by 2028. On the other hand, the construction of the nuclear power plant will alter the land use at the actual plant site and its surroundings and hence may cause significant environmental changes. As an indicator, more than 650000 trees have been cut so far for the construction of nuclear power plant, and this can adversely affect the ecological balances of the region by endangering habitats and creating ecological damages. The aim of this study is to analyse the land use/land cover changes (LULC) in the forestry-dominated areas due to the construction of nuclear power plants using the multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical satellite images. For this purpose, different change detection methods such as SAR intensity image differencing, supervised image classification method (Support Vector Machine algorithm) were applied to Sentinel 1 satellite image datasets (2016-2019) to evaluate the annual changes due to construction. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed between the canopy structure and vegetation biomass using Sentinel 2 NDVI dataset (2016-2019) and calibrated Sentinel 1 backscatter values. Furthermore, using the Google Earth Engine (GEE), the Landsat 8 NDVI time series of the affected forest area, generated at 8-day intervals, was used to validate changes in vegetation.

Removal of the endocrine disruptors ethinyl estradiol, bisphenol A, and levonorgestrel by subsurface constructed wetlands.

The present work aimed to evaluate the removal efficiency of the endocrine disruptors ethinyl estradiol (EE2), the progestin levonorgestrel (LNG), and bisphenol A (BPA), considered to be contaminants of major concern, by using four laboratory scale constructed wetlands (CW) - three containing gravel as support media, one cultivated with Cyperus isocladus (WL1), other with Eichhornia crassipes (WL3), and one without macrophyte (WL2). The fourth unit contained gravel and bamboo charcoal as support medium, also cultivated with Cyperus isocladus (WLC). Two hydraulic retention times (HRT) were tested, 2 and 4 days. Average removals ranged from 9.0 to 95.6% for EE2, from 29.5 to 91.2% for BPA and from 39.1 to 100.0% for LNG. The results showed that the most efficient CW for removal of EE2 and BPA was WLC, and for LNG removal was WL3. The 2 days HRT was statistically more efficient in removing EE2, and the 4 days HRT was more efficient in the LNG removal. The other endocrine disruptors and concentration ranges were not influenced by HRT. It was concluded that WLC was the most suitable CW for removal of these three compounds, and it possibly is efficient also for the removal of other endocrine disruptors with similar physical-chemical characteristics.

203P - The analysis of statistics of breast cancer in Cherkassy region before and after Chernobyl disaster

Background: Ionizing radiation can influence on cells of organisms through the chain of electric, physico-chemical, chemical and biological effects leading to different damages, genetic abnomalities and death. On 26 April 1986 the explosion of atomic reactor of the fourth power unit of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station happened, having thrown into the atmosphere nearly 50 tons of nuclear fuel with the activity of 15-20 thousands of rentgen per hour. This disaster had detrimental outcome for people living in Ukraine and other countries, resulted to increase of morbidity and mortality from different diseases, especially oncological. Methods: Analysis of data of National and regional cancer registries, statistical reports on the work done by the regional center and district hospitals of Cherkassy region on oncological patients in 1985, 2015 yy. Results: Number of new breast cancer (BC) cases in 1985 in Cherkassy region was 335 (man – 1, women – 334), in 2015 – 520 ( men – 4, women – 516). The number of BC cases increased by 35,6% ( by 25% in men, by 35,3% in women) in 2015 in comparison to 1985. Crude incidence rate per 100000 of population in 1985 was 21,87 ( men – 0,06, women – 21,8), in 2015- 43,8 ( men – 0,7, women – 80,2). So this rate increased by 49,9%. The number of cases of BC in women under 29 years old in 1985 was 2, in 2015 – 9 ( increased in 4,5 times), showing tendency to rise of incidence of this disease at a young age. Number of deaths from BC in 1985 was 164, in 2015 – 210, so this index increased by 22%. In 1985 stage distribution of new BC cases (according to TNM) was: I, II – 56,2%; III – 31,6%, IV – 12,2%. In 2015 this ratio was: I, II – 74,5%, III – 13,6%, IV – 11,3%. The number of BC cases detected during the preventive examination in 1985 was 25%, in 2015 – 42,8%. The percentage of morphologically verified BC in 1985 was 84,2%, in 2015 – 90,4%. Conclusions: Chernobyl disaster and subsequent spread and influence of radiation led to increase of oncological diseases in Ukraine, including breast cancer. Despite the new advances in medicine the morbidity of BC in Cherkassy region continues to grow and Chornobyl disaster had a strong impact on this fact. Legal entity responsible for the study: Cherkassy Regional Oncology Center. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: The author has declared no conflicts of interest.

Looking for Striped Bass in Atlantic Canada: The Reconciliation of Local, Scientific, and Historical Knowledge

Morone saxatilis (Striped Bass) occurs throughout the provinces of Atlantic Canada, but its full distribution in the region is undescribed. Canadian Striped Bass populations are grouped by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) into 3 geographically distinct Designatable Units: Saint Lawrence River, Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Bay of Fundy. Striped Bass also occurs in many other unclassified Canadian regions, and growing evidence suggests that some of these locations may support distinct, uncharacterized populations. The recreational fisheries for Striped Bass are rapidly increasing in popularity in Canada, and thus, it has become of great importance to both recognize the species' full distribution and manage the fisheries therein. We compiled recent research, certified angling catches, historic accounts, grey literature, and anecdotal reports to identify coastal sites and rivers where Striped Bass have been reported. Our findings will help managers and researchers target rivers and coastal areas for assessment and study to encompass the entirety of the species' range in Canadian waters. Our report suggests that a fourth Designatable Unit for Eastern Cape Breton Island and Northeastern Nova Scotia is needed to both monitor and manage assemblages of Canadian Striped Bass.

Environmental investigation using geophysical data at East Sadat City, Egypt

Three geophysical techniques such as resistivity, seismic refraction, and GPR have been applied to delineate the depth to the groundwater surface, subsurface stratigraphy and subsurface structures which control the configuration and distribution of the groundwater aquifer. Five vertical electrical sounding (VES) were measured by using Syscal-R2 instrument of electrode separation ranging from AB/2 = 1–500 m to reach depth of investigation about 150 m. The results of quantitative interpretation of the VES data indicate that the subsurface sequence composed of six geoelectric units; the first unit is characterized by resistivity values up to 2007 Ohm.m corresponding to sand & gravel and thickness up to 1.2 m. The second geoelectric unit is corresponding to sandy clay which exhibits resistivity up to 235 Ohm.m and depth up to 1.2 m. The third geoelectric unit is characterized by resistivity values up to 1483 Ohm.m corresponding to dry sand which of depth up to 2.6 m. The fourth geoelectrical unit consists of sand saturated with ground water and exhibits resistivity values ranging from 20.2 to 52.9 Ohm.m and depth ranging from 7 to 16.8 m. The fifth geoelectrical unit reveals resistivity values ranging from 7 to 32.6 Ohm.m and consists of sandy clay saturated with groundwater of depth up to 111 m overlaying the sixth unit which reached to depth up to 165 m and characterized by resistivity values ranging from 54 to 91 Ohm.m corresponding to sandstone saturated with ground water. Five shallow seismic refraction spreads of geophone spacing 4 m were measured to investigate the subsurface sequence, where the results of interpretation indicate that the subsurface section consists of three seismic layers; the first layer is unsaturated overburden with seismic velocity range from 280 to 770 m/s and thickness reach about 6 m. The second layer is sand saturated with ground water with velocity range from 760 to 1300 m/s and maximum thickness of about 7 m overlaying the third layer reached to depth up to 24 m and corresponding sandy clay saturated with groundwater with seismic velocity range from 1130 to 2260 m/s. Five GPR profiles are measured using MALA RAMAC GPR System with a Rough Terrain Antenna (RTA) system of central frequency of 100 MHz. The interpretation of GPR data indicate that the expected water table ranging from 8 m to 11 m in the study area. Interpretation of the obtained results and correlation with the available geological and different geophysical data revealed that, the depth to the groundwater table of the investigated area ranges between 7 and 16.8 m.