Fourth Test Research Articles

The effect of post-activation enhancement on the performance of Chinese national skeleton athletes in the "ice push sled"-a first cross-sectional study.

To investigate the impact of post-activation potentiation (PAP) induced by resisted sled sprint at different loads on the subsequent 30 m ice push sled performance of Chinese skeleton athletes, and to identify the resisted sled sprint load that most effectively enhances PAP for Chinese skeleton athletes. Seven elite athletes from the Chinese skeleton team participated in four tests with more than 48 h intervals. During the tests, on the first test, athletes completed a 40 min standard warm-up, rested for 6 min, and then performed a 30 m test. On the second, third, and fourth test, athletes completed the standard warm-up, then performed 20 m sprints with resisted sled (RS) at 75%, 50%, and 25% of body mass (BM), respectively, rested for 6 min, and then performed the 30 m test. No significant differences were found in morning pulse, blood urea, and creatine kinase levels among four tests. The percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax) within different intensity ranges showed no significant differences among four tests. However, significant differences were observed in ice push sled performance among four tests (No BMRS: 5.08 ± 0.27; 25% BMRS: 5.05 ± 0.29; 50% BMRS: 5.02 ± 0.27; 75% BMRS: 5.04 ± 0.28). Post hoc analyses revealed that the 50% BMRS test had faster speed compared to the no resistance (p < 0.05), the 25% BMRS (p < 0.05), and the 75% BMRS (p < 0.05) tests. Additionally, the 75% BMRS test had faster speed than the no resistance test (p < 0.05). A 20 m sprint with 50% BMRS effectively enhances the PAP effect in skeleton athletes, improving their ice push sled performance. Coaches can incorporate this resisted sled sprint in athletes' training routines for performance enhancement in both daily training and pre-competition preparations.

Spatial Variability in Relationships between Early Childhood Lead Exposure and Standardized Test Scores in Fourth Grade North Carolina Public School Students (2013-2016).

Exposure to lead during childhood is detrimental to children's health. The extent to which the association between lead exposure and elementary school academic outcomes varies across geography is not known. Estimate associations between blood lead levels (BLLs) and fourth grade standardized test scores in reading and mathematics in North Carolina using models that allow associations between BLL and test scores to vary spatially across communities. We link geocoded, individual-level, standardized test score data for North Carolina public school students in fourth grade (2013-2016) with detailed birth records and blood lead testing data retrieved from the North Carolina childhood blood lead state registry on samples typically collected at 1-6 y of age. BLLs were categorized as: (reference), , and . We then fit spatially varying coefficient models that incorporate information sharing (smoothness), across neighboring communities via a Gaussian Markov random field to provide a global estimate of the association between BLL and test scores, as well as census tract-specific estimates (i.e., spatial coefficients). Models adjusted for maternal- and child-level covariates and were fit separately for reading and math. The average BLL across the 91,706 individuals in the analysis dataset was . Individuals were distributed across 2,002 (out of 2,195) census tracts in North Carolina. In models adjusting for child sex, birth weight percentile for gestational age, and Medicaid participation as well as maternal race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, and tobacco use, BLLs of , and were associated with overall lower reading test scores of [95% confidence interval (CI): , ], (, ), and (, ), respectively. For BLLs of , , and , spatial coefficients-that is, tract-specific adjustments in reading test score relative to the "global" coefficient-ranged from to 2.52, to 3.90, to 7.85, and to 4.33, respectively. Results for mathematics were similar to those for reading. The association between lead exposure and reading and mathematics test scores exhibits considerable heterogeneity across North Carolina communities. These results emphasize the need for prevention and mitigation efforts with respect to lead exposures everywhere, with special attention to locations where the cognitive impact is elevated. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13898.

Reexamining the Relationship Between Communication and Language Through Discourse Analysis: A Case Study Using Movie Material*

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of communication and the function of language through discourse analysis using movie material. To achieve this, six English-major undergraduates were selected as subjects. The movie used for this study was &lt;i&gt;Mrs. Harris Goes to Paris&lt;/i&gt; (Fabian, 2022). Over a three-month period, the subjects participated and were administered six tests, along with one report. Two tests focused on content relevant to the case study (the second and sixth tests), while three tests focused on form (the first, third, and fourth tests). The fifth test combined content and form. The results indicated that subjects B, C, and D preferred content-based instruction (emphasizing the nature of communication, stories, culture, etc.), despite subject D not achieving a high test score. Subject A was ambivalent, noting that while content-based instruction was beneficial, language learning was also necessary. Subjects E and F preferred English language learning. In their reports commenting on the method, subjects B, C, and D were positive, subject A had mixed feelings, and subjects E and F were indifferent. Considering that three out of six subjects responded positively, we believe that using discourse analysis can be effective in helping students understand the nature of communication.

Alterations to the copulatory sequence in young adult male Sprague–Dawley rats administered a ketogenic diet

Ketogenic diets (KDs) have shown therapeutic potential for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders; however, there is insufficient data regarding the behavioral impacts of KDs in healthy populations. Here, we examined the impact of a KD on sexual behavior in young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on either a KD or standard chow diet (SD). We found that KD males exhibited higher mount rates, higher intromission rates (third and fourth tests only), and lower ejaculation likelihood (second test only) compared to SD males. Consequently, it may be that experience-dependent changes in the processing of sexual stimuli are not occurring as efficiently in KD males, thereby yielding the observed copulatory sequence alterations.

Analisis Kinerja Logistic Regression Classifier Berdasarkan Seleksi Fitur Warna, GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) dan Bentuk (Studi Kasus Jenis Ketupat Khas Bali)

Ketupat is a unique culture and tradition in Bali. Ketupat is often used as a banten offering. This unique procession of the ketupat war is held once a year to coincide with the Purnama Kapat. The ketupat war is a traditional event with participants throwing ketupat at each other. It aims to be grateful for all the gifts that the Creator has given to humans in this world. This tradition has existed since the 1970s with the beginning of its appearance involving two shirtless men. The ketupat war ceremony is part of the yadnya as the basis for the return of the Tri Rna. In today's era of the development of science and technology, people are only focused on meeting material needs, understanding the meaning of rituals and religious events is decreasing, and it is considered an incriminating or even meaningless activity. In this study, a dataset of 90 was used with 18 types of ketupat used, namely: bagia, batu dam-pulan, bracelet, kale, mattress, kedis, kepel, kroso, lepet, pengambean, sai, cow, sari, sirikan, suna, tulud, tumpeng. This study aims to determine the per-formance of Logistic Regression Classifier by using color, HSV, GLCM and shape features. The dataset used is a typical Balinese ketupat type of 90 data. In this test, 4 test scenarios are used: 1) The first test scenario, the dataset input performs the preprocessing process, HSV imagery, and the color feature extraction process where the output results are in the form of hue, saturation and value values in the form of excel files. 2) The second test scenario, the input dataset performs a preprocessing process, grayscale, and performs the GLCM feature extraction process where the output results are in the form of feature values of angle 00, angle 450, angle 900 and angle 1350 in the form of an excel file. 3) The third test scenario, the dataset input performs the preprocessing process, binner, performs the form feature extraction process where the output results are in the form of metric, eccentricity in the form of excel files. 4) The fourth test scenario, from the 3 (three) feature extractions carried out, the new dataset, the next stage is to implement the Logistic Re-gression classifier method to obtain accuracy values. Based on the results of the classification, testing and analysis, the level of accuracy from each of them was obtained with a training accuracy value of 69.84% and a testing accuracy of 22.2%, which means that the classification method was declared ineffective in analyzing the features used in the ketupat classification, so it is necessary to compare it with other methods so that it gets an accuracy result above 90%.

The Influence of Role Ambiguity and Workload Moderated by Resilience on Employee Burnout

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Role Ambiguity, Workload moderated by Resilience on employee Burnout at PT. United Waru Biscuits manufacturing. Cikande Branch. The research method used is associative with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques, data questionnaires and literature study. The partial research results of the first test using a one sample t-test showed; The first test of the Ambiguity variable on Burnout obtained a t-count value of 11.983 &gt; t-table 1.988, with a significance of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, this shows that there is a positive and significant influence, the second test of the Workload variable on Burnout obtained a t-count value of 6.813 &gt; t -table 1.988 with a significance of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, this shows that there is a positive and significant influence, the third test of Role Ambiguity on Employee Burnout which is moderated by Resilience obtained a t-count value of 1.045 &lt; t-table 1.988, with a significance of 0.299 &gt; 0, 05 This shows that there is no positive and significant influence. The fourth test of Workload on Employee Burnout moderated by Resilience obtained a t-count value of 1.695 &lt; t-table 1.988, with a significance of 0.094 &gt; 0.05, this shows that there is no positive and significant influence.

Investigation of THOR-AV 5F Biofidelity in Sled Test Conditions with A Semi-Rigid Seat.

THOR-AV 5F, a modified THOR-5F dummy, was designed to represent both upright and reclined occupants in vehicle crashworthiness studies. The dummy was evaluated in four test conditions: a) 25° seatback, 15 km/h, b) 25° seatback, 32 km/h, c) 45° seatback, 15 km/h, d) 45° seatback, 32 km/h. The dummy's biomechanical responses were compared against those of postmortem human subjects (PMHS) tested in the same test conditions. The latest National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) BioRank method was used to provide a biofidelity ranking score (BRS) for each data channel in the tests to assess the dummy's biofidelity objectively. The evaluation was categorized into two groups: restraint system and dummy. In the four test conditions, the restraint system showed good biofidelity with BRS scores of 1.49, 1.47, 1.15, and 1.79, respectively. The THOR-AV 5F demonstrated excellent biofidelity in three test conditions: 25° seatback, 15 km/h (BRS = 0.76); 25° seatback, 32 km/h (BRS = 0.89); and 45° seatback, 32 km/h (BRS = 0.93). In the fourth test condition, 45° seatback, 15 km/h, the dummy demonstrated good biofidelity with a BRS score of 1.06. The dummy demonstrated good durability. No damage was identified with a full inspection conducted after the tests.

A Prospective Analysis of Sustained Immunity Following Covishield Vaccination

Introduction: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected a large number of people worldwide within a short period of time. The mortality rate was high, and there was no specific medicine available to cure it. Therefore, the situation demanded the rapid development of a vaccine. When the vaccines were introduced, there was limited knowledge about their efficacy, side-effects, and duration of protection. Hence, a detailed study was conducted in these areas. Aim: To study the immunological responses following Covishield vaccination and determine the duration of protection offered by the vaccine. Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective observational study conducted at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from March 2021 to May 2023, involving the staff members of the hospital and college who were above 18-year-old. Individuals with immunodeficiency, those on immunosuppressive medication, or anyone with proof of COVID-19 were excluded. The total sample size was 56. Blood samples were collected before administering the vaccine, at 0, 3, and 12 months, and tested for Complete Blood Count (CBC), COVID-19-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 45, CD3, CD4, CD8, etc. The findings were statistically analysed using Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 and STATA software version 10. Results: A total of 154 volunteers initially provided the first blood samples. However, only 129 of them provided blood samples 2nd time and received two doses of the vaccine. Out of these, only 56 participants completed the fourth time blood test. The results consistently demonstrated a rise in IgG levels over time, with consistently higher levels observed in females. Participants above 45 years exhibited higher IgG levels. Individuals with co-morbidities also showed an increase in IgG levels. The research revealed that individuals who were initially IgG negative experienced a greater fold increase in IgG levels after the first dose of vaccination. The incidence and duration of side-effects post-vaccination reduced with each successive vaccine dose. Conclusion: All the volunteers developed adequate IgG antibodies. Two doses of Covishield effectively resulted in lasting immunity in 94.64% of cases, and three doses achieved 100% immunity. Females and participants above 45 years consistently exhibited higher antibody levels. Individuals with co-morbidities also developed antibodies, albeit at slightly lower levels. The side-effects were mild and short-lived. No long-term after effects were detected even after two years and two months following vaccination.

OP168 Costs And Effectiveness Of Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) In Patients With Unsolved Rare Disease Through The Diagnostic Pathway

IntroductionPatients suspected of having a rare genetic disease often experience lengthy and costly diagnostic odysseys. The timing of whole exome sequencing (WES) in the testing sequence, its diagnostic yield and test costs in the sequence all factor into estimates of cost-effectiveness analysis for health technology assessment.MethodsWe modeled the diagnostic pathway using a discrete event simulation model, starting with the first test result. We defined and populated the simulation based on data from the electronic medical records of n=307 from the Care-for-Rare SOLVE multi-center Canadian observational cohort. Five alternative diagnostic pathways were modeled based on the observed data: no WES, and WES as the first, second, third or fourth test in the sequence. WES as the second test in the sequence is considered standard of care in medical genetic centers in Canada. We assessed effectiveness of WES in terms of diagnostic yield, time to diagnosis, and costs as patient-level overall test costs (2020 CAD/USD) across the diagnostic pathway.ResultsCompared to molecular and specialized diagnostic tests only (i.e., no WES), WES increased diagnostic yield from 5 percent to 40 percent. The shortest time to diagnosis for those with a diagnosis was 1.82 years in the diagnostic pathway with WES as the second test. Test costs for each pathway were CAD2,800 (USD2,087, no WES), CAD2,700 (USD2,013, WES as first test), CAD3,500 (USD2,609, WES as second test), CAD4,500 (USD3,354, WES as third test), and CAD5,300 (USD3,951, WES as fourth test).ConclusionsPlacing WES earlier in the diagnostic pathway for patients suspected of having a rare disease is associated with an increased diagnostic yield, reduced time to diagnosis and lower overall test costs with the benefits being greater the earlier in the pathway that WES is implemented.

Effects of re‐training sessions in RUDAS assessment in a cohort of evaluators

AbstractBackgroundThe RUDAS scale has been widely used in cohorts and trials, nevertheless this tool is complex and there are no guidelines for using it. Since the RUDAS may be prone to mistakes, even when medical staff is trained once, we aimed to determine the number of correct assessments per each evaluator of a large cohort of adults regarding dementia risk factors after sessions of re‐training.MethodThis was a longitudinal study of 22 evaluators of a large study on dementia risk factors in Antofagaste (Chile) and Quito (Ecuador). Use of RUDAS was established in the study protocol, so all evaluators were trained once to use this tool before study initiation. In order to ensure accuracy between evaluators, they were scheduled for five video‐sessions of re‐training leaded by an expert Neurologist. This sessions lasted 2.5 hours and the aim was to identify mistakes and doubts when performing RUDAS. After each session evaluators had a written test. The content was a simulation of a typical dementia case to be assessed by RUDAS. We collected the number of correct answers by domain.ResultWe assessed the mean number of correct answers by domain and the changes from baseline to the fifth test (visuospatial orientation: 4.25 → 4.89, praxis: 0.25 → 1.05, visuo‐constructional drawing: 0.05 → 2.68, judgement: max. 1.8 → 3, memory recall: 0.2 → 0, language: 5.7 → 8). Re‐training had a significant increase of correct answers in all domains. Despite the majority showed an increase in score from baseline to the fifth test, the mean score in fifth test was higher than in the prior tests only in judgement, memory recall and visuo‐constructional drawing domains. In the other domains we found that the fourth test scored higher than the fifth one, nevertheless the difference was not clinically important.ConclusionTraining and re‐training are important steps in the approach and use of an assessment tool in trials and cohorts. RUDAS is a complex tool that may be prone to mistakes, therefore we recommend at least five sessions of re‐training to identify mistakes and doubts among evaluators.

Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen di Apotek Enggal Sehat Megang Sakti Kabupaten Musi Rawas

This research aims to determine the Marketing Mix on Consumer Purchasing Decisions at the Enggal Sehat Megang Sakti Pharmacy, Musi Rawas Regency. This research method is data collection using a questionnaire. The results of the Product Marketing Mix research have a significant effect on Consumer Purchasing Decisions. This is proven by the value of tcount = 4.004 &gt; ttable value = 1.660 with a significant value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. The results of the second hypothesis test: Price Marketing Mix has a significant effect on Consumer Purchasing Decisions. This is proven by the tcount value = 3.628 &gt; ttable value = 1.660 with a significant value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. The results of the third hypothesis test: Place Marketing Mix has a significant effect on Consumer Purchasing Decisions. This is proven by the value of tcount = 4.014 &gt; ttable value = 1.660 with a significant value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. The results of the fourth hypothesis test: Promotional Marketing Mix have a significant effect on Consumer Purchasing Decisions. This is proven by the value of tcount = 3.627 &gt; ttable value = 1.660 with a significant value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. The marketing mix has a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions at the Enggal Sehat Pharmacy, Megang Sakti, Musi Rawas Regency. This is proven by the value of Fcount = 5.213 &gt; ttable value = 2.456 with a significant value of 0.001 &lt; 0.05. Conclusion, Marketing marketing influences consumer purchasing decisions at the Enggal Sehat Pharmacy.&#x0D; Keywords: Marketing Mix, Purchasing Decisions, Consumers

Destination attributes on attendance at away football games: scale development, and validation on fans

ABSTRACT This study aims to explain destination attributes that affect football fans’ attendance at away games using a sequential method design. The research developed a scale through a six-phase process, including item pool preparation, expert opinion, first pilot test, second pilot test, third pilot test, and fourth pilot test. Firstly, a 17-item pool was comprised. Secondly, the item pool was applied to sports experts, and refined. Thirdly, EFA and CFA were conducted, and a 13-item pool was obtained in a four-dimensional structure. These factors were named as attractions, prices, basic services, and ease of transportation. In the fourth, fifth, and sixth studies, this dimensional structure was confirmed. The study found that ease of transportation, basic services, prices, and attractions of destinations affect fans’ participation in away football games, respectively. This research contributes to football theory and sports tourism, highlighting the term ‘tourist-fan’, a term rarely examined in previous studies.

Verification and Validation of the Spalart Allmaras Model with Rotation and Curvature Correction for Incompressible and Compressbile Flows

The Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is the model which gets the highest technological readiness level in the NASA turbulence model resource home page. The model is widely used to predict external incompressible and compressbile flows. Different corrections to this model incorporating additional physical effects are presented on the same home page. Unfortunately none of these corrections are available in the official OpenFOAM version. Furthermore, no publicly available repository which contains the full set of corrections suggested by Shur et al. [1] to account for curvature and rotation effects was found. In this technical note, the rotation and streamline curvature correction is incorporated into the Spalart-Allmaras model in order to overcome this limitation. The same equations as suggested in Shur et al. [1] are implemented and verified by means of the incompressible flow in a rotating channel, a 2D bump flow in a channel and a channel flow exhibiting a U-turn. Regarding the rotating channel flow and the flow in a U-turn some quantitative differences remain with respect to the results of Shur et al. [1]. For the rotating channel flow, a careful consistency check with respect to the analytical relations leading to the computation of the factor multiplied with the production term was made. No inconsistencies in the implementation where found. Unfortunately the exact reason for the differences between the present results compared to the computations of Shur et al. [1], was not found. The interested readers are encouraged to help to clarify these issues. In the fourth test case it is shown that the model predicts a more correct turbulent viscosity distribution in the transonic flow around a delta wing. Applying the streamline and curvature corrections to the Spalart-Allmaras model predicts an earlier vortex breakdown compared to the standard Spalart-Allmaras model for a high angle of attack configuration. The agreement with the reference experiments is much better when using the corrections proposed by Shur et al. [1] to the Spalart-Allmaras compared to the standard Splart-Allmaras model.

Cell free DNA screening for fetal aneuploidy in Ireland: An observational study of outcomes following insufficient fetal fraction

ObjectivesTo determine maternal factors associated with low fetal fraction (FF). To determine the proportion of women who receive a result from repeat non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) testing. To identify any significant associations between pregnancy interventions or outcomes and low FF. Study DesignRetrospective observational study of 4465 women undergoing antenatal screening by targeted cell free DNA (cfDNA) testing at an Irish tertiary maternity hospital between January 2017 and December 2022. Patients who failed to obtain a result after the first NIPT were analyzed in two cohorts; those who received a result on a repeat sample and those who failed to ever achieve a result despite a second, third or fourth cfDNA test. ResultsRisk of insufficient FF significantly increased with elevated maternal BMI (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01–1.13, p = 0.03) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.19–9.4, p = 0.02). Women with no result were more likely to have diagnostic invasive testing (p < 0.01), but had no increased risk of aneuploidy. Repeated failed NIPT attempts due to low FF were significantly associated with the subsequent development of hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (p = 0.03). Greater than 70% of patients who were unsuccessful in a first or second attempt at NIPT due to low FF yielded a result following a second or third sample. ConclusionsHigh BMI and IVF conceptions are greater contributors to low FF than fetal aneuploidy. Repeating NIPT yields a result in greater than 70% of cases. What’s already known about this topic?Fetal fraction (FF) in prenatal cfDNA testing is influenced by maternal and pregnancy factors including body mass index (BMI) and IVF. Low FF has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal aneuploidy and hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. What does this study add?In a large Irish population, increasing maternal BMI and in-vitro fertilization are the most significant contributors to repeated test failures due to low FF.Greater than 70% of patients with test failure due to low FF will receive a result on 2nd and 3rd NIPT attempts.Patients with no result from NIPT were more likely to undergo diagnostic invasive testing but the risk of aneuploidy was not significantly increased.

Improving Learning Outcomes Of Class X Students In Mathematics Learning At SMA Negeri 2 Medan Through The Group Investigation (GI) Type Cooperative Model

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics class X MIPA 2 at SMA Negeri 2 Medan using the Group Investigation learning model.&#x0D; This research is a class action research. The subjects of this study were students of class X MIPA 2 with a total of 36 students.&#x0D; This research consisted of two cycles with two meetings in each cycle. Each meeting carried out a test of learning outcomes. Data collection techniques used learning achievement tests, observation sheets and student response questionnaires. Data analysis techniques use data reduction and data exposure.&#x0D; The results of this study indicate that the application of the Group Investigation learning model in mathematics learning can improve student learning outcomes in class X MIPA 2. This increase in learning outcomes can be seen from student contributions during the learning process in the form of student learning outcomes tests, students pay attention to the teacher's explanation, students express opinions , students work with groups, student responses to the use of learning models and the results of observations. The increase in classical completeness on the learning outcomes test I cycle I was 19.44%. Meanwhile, learning outcomes II in cycle I increased to 44.44%. In cycle II, the classical completeness test III of 86.11% increased to 94.44% in the fourth learning achievement test. The observation results showed that in the first cycle it increased from 3.54 to 3.73 in the very good category and the student response to learning using the Group Investigation model in the first cycle was 85% increasing to 90% in the second cycle. It can be concluded that almost all students in class X MIPA 2 gave a positive response and accepted the implementation of the Group Investigation learning model in class X MIPA 2. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the Group Investigation Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes in Mathematics Learning at SMA Negeri 2 Medan.

China–DPRK Relations, China’s Rise, and DPRK Aggressions toward the ROK–U.S., 1990–2021

This study investigates, using statistical analysis and case evidence, whether cooperative China–DPRK relations or China’s rise influence the DPRK to act more aggressively toward the ROK–U.S. Statistically, amicable China–DPRK ties have a positive association with the number of DPRK’s aggressive actions toward the ROK–U.S. The increase in China–DPRK’s material capability relative to that of the ROK–U.S. also positively affected this number. These findings are further supported through case evidence: China’s stance toward the DPRK before and after the sinking of the Cheonan in 2010, and the THAAD incident between the DPRK’s fourth and fifth nuclear tests in 2016.

Peltier Cell Integration in Packaging Design for Minimizing Energy Consumption and Temperature Variation during Refrigerated Transport

This study proposes an innovative approach to reduce temperature fluctuations in refrigerated transport during loading and unloading, aiming to minimize food waste and optimize energy consumption in the food supply chain. The solution involves integrating Peltier cells into secondary and tertiary packaging to improve system efficiency and minimize temperature variations. Four distinct tests were conducted: a reference test, continuous Peltier system operation, and two intermittent cooling tests for the hot side of the cells. The results highlight the effectiveness of this approach, particularly in the fourth test where the average final food temperature decreased from 3.2 °C (reference test) to 2.8 °C. Integrating Peltier cells into packaging shows potential benefits in minimizing food waste, reducing energy consumption, and associated emissions during refrigerated transport. This research contributes to the sustainable design and manufacturing of packaging systems, specifically in the context of refrigerated transport. By maintaining a consistent temperature environment during the critical loading and unloading phases, incorporating Peltier cells enhances the overall performance and efficiency of refrigerated transport system. These results point out the significance of exploring innovative solutions for sustainable food preservation and the decrease of waste all along the food supply chain.

Liver Disease Classification Using the Elbow Method to Determine Optimal K in the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) Algorithm

Diagnosing liver disease in the field of healthcare is not an easy task. However, by utilizing medical records as datasets and applying data mining methods such as K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), we can analyze and extract knowledge automatically. The K-NN method has proven to be more effective compared to other methods as it clusters new information by selecting the nearest neighbors based on the value of k. In this study, we employed the Elbow method to determine the optimal value of k by measuring the error rate. The test results revealed that the optimal value of k was found to be 4, with the lowest error rate. In the third test, we achieved a training accuracy of 80.5% and a testing accuracy of 78.9%. After fine-tuning the training data, we were able to improve the accuracy to 82.2% for training and 77.1% for testing. However, in the fourth test, we encountered overfitting issues due to data imbalance caused by inappropriate resampling, resulting in a model that was overly complex and prone to excessive noise.

Прояв показників спеціальної витривалості тхеквондистів 12-14 років

Purpose: to investigate the dynamics of special endurance indicators under the influence of the proposed methodology. Material and methods. The research used the following research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and the Internet, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. When performing the bandal chagi kick in the first test, the difference between the arithmetic means before and after the experiment was 4,74 hits, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 7,64 % in the experimental group. In the second test, the difference in arithmetic means was 3,54 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 3,19 % in the experimental group. In the third test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 10,66 strokes, the coefficient of variation decreased by 6,48 %. In the fourth test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 9,14 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 6,49 %. In the fifth test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 12,8 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 7,48 %. When performing a dolyo chagi kick in the first test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 8,46 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 8,48 %. In the second test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 9,67 strokes in the experimental group before and after the experiment, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 4,61 %. In the third test, the arithmetic mean increased by 9,86 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 4,82 %. In the fourth test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 10,34 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 6,01 %. In the fifth test, the arithmetic mean difference was 9,74 strokes in the experimental group after the experiment, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 6,55 %. When performing a nerio chagi kick in the first test, the difference between the arithmetic averages before and after the experiment was 8,53 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 5,12 %. In the second test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 8 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 7,21 %. In the third test, the difference in arithmetic means was 7,93 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 6,33 %. In the fourth test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 7,27 strokes, the coefficient of variation decreased by 4,88 %. In the fifth test, the difference in arithmetic averages was 8,6 strokes, and the coefficient of variation decreased by 5,18 %. Conclusions. The technique proposed by us has a positive effect on the development of special endurance of taekwondo players aged 12–14. This is evidenced by the results obtained at the end of the experiment. Thus, taekwondo players of the experimental group have significantly higher indicators of the development of special endurance in all tests (p≤0,05).

Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Katarak dengan Metode Certainty Factor

The eye is one of the most vital parts of the human body, which of course must be maintained. Unhealthy eyes will have a bad impact on the sufferer because it can interfere with the sufferer's activity process. One of the simplest and most common eye diseases suffered by humans is cataracts. Symptoms of cataracts occur painlessly so that many sufferers do not realize that they have cataracts. In Indonesia, the main cause of visual impairment and blindness is cataracts. Cases of blindness caused by cataracts occur due to a condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and cataracts do not only occur at an early age but at all ages even though cataracts are a type of blindness that can be avoided and can be cured through treatment. Therefore an expert system is needed to help diagnose cataracts so that prevention can be done as much as possible. One method that can be used by expert systems is the assurance factor method. The advantage of the assurance factor method is that it can provide settlement solutions with the value of disease symptoms given by experts. With the superiority of the assurance factor method, this study will discuss the application of the assurance factor in the diagnosis of cataracts. To diagnose cataracts, there are 18 symptoms with 3 types of disease, namely congenital, juvenile, and traumatic cataracts. This study used 5 data tests based on the symptoms felt by people with cataracts to produce accurate predictions for each type of cataract where 86.0762% congenital cataracts in the first test data, 94.0595% juvenile cataracts in the second test data, 92.5128% traumatic cataracts in the third test data, 92.2440 % juvenile cataracts in the fourth test data, and 90.2080% juvenile cataracts in the fifth test data.