Fourth Person Research Articles

Cognitive functions of young Novosibirsk residents and metabolic syndrome

The aim of the study was to provide a population assessment of cognitive impairment patterns in a representative sample of 25–44-year-old men and women living in Western Siberia with metabolic syndrome (MS). Material and methods. A cross-sectional population survey of a random representative sample of 25–44-year-olds of both sexes (1503 people) permanently residing in Western Siberia (Novosibirsk) was performed. The study of cognitive functions was conducted in 1009 people: 463 men (45.9 %) and 546 women (54.1 %). A 10-word memorization test was performed according to the methodology proposed by A.R. Luria (unified for screening purposes), with subsequent reproduction after interfering tasks (recall), a proof-reading test (a letter modification of the Bourdon test used for screening purposes), as well as the exclusion of concepts (a verbal version of the test). The MS criteria (VNOK, 2009) were used: FROM > 80 cm in women and > 94 cm in men and 2 of the following criteria: blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg, TG content ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L in men and < 1.2 mmol/L in women, LDL-C > 3.0 mmol/L, plasma hyperglycemia > 6.1 mmol/L. Results. In the surveyed sample of residents of In Novosibirsk, 25–44 years old, MS occurred in every fourth person tested for cognitive functions (26.06 %): 148 men (31.96 %) and 115 women (21.06 %), MS occurred more often in women than in men. With age, there is an increase in the frequency of MS in both sexes (p < 0.05). For MS, statistically significant associations are shown with direct memorization (1st memorization experience, p = 0.025), the number of directly memorized words (p = 0.015) and with delayed reproduction of words after an interfering task (p = 0.015) in the 10-word memorization test by A.R. Luria. The average rank, as well as the average values of these cognitive tests, were higher in individuals without MS compared to those with MS diagnosed. There were no links between MS and the indicators of the proofreading test. There were also no statistically significant associations of MS with the number of animals named in 1 min in the speech activity test when studying semantically mediated associations. Conclusion. In a population study of young people (25–44 years old) for the first time in Russia/A statistically significant deterioration of cognitive memory patterns in individuals with MS components has been proven in Siberia (Novosibirsk). This confirms the importance of the «cerebrovascular continuum» in the genesis of cognitive impairment at a young age.

Anti-Logophoricity and Indirect Mode in Mabaan

In Mabaan, a Western Nilotic language, indirect speech is characterised by the following three features. Firstly, verbs are inflected in a special way, having an indirect mode as opposed to the direct mode of direct speech. Secondly, in pronominal morphemes a distinction is made between forms that refer to a third person reported speaker (third person forms) and forms which have other third person referents (fourth person forms), a distinction which is coextensive with the use of the indirect mode. Thirdly, third person pronominal forms are identical to the third person pronominal forms used in direct speech, while fourth person pronominal forms are different and, thus, anti-logophoric. Taken together, these features make Mabaan typologically unusual.

Statins affect cancer cell plasticity with distinct consequences for tumor progression and metastasis.

SummaryStatins are among the most commonly prescribed drugs, and around every fourth person above the age of 40 is on statin medication. Therefore, it is of utmost clinical importance to understand the effect of statins on cancer cell plasticity and its consequences to not only patients with cancer but also patients who are on statins. Here, we find that statins induce a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in cancer cells of solid tumors. Using a comprehensive STRING network analysis of transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome data combined with multiple mechanistic in vitro and functional in vivo analyses, we demonstrate that statins reduce cellular plasticity by enforcing a mesenchymal-like cell state that increases metastatic seeding ability on one side but reduces the formation of (secondary) tumors on the other due to heterogeneous treatment responses. Taken together, we provide a thorough mechanistic overview of the consequences of statin use for each step of cancer development, progression, and metastasis.

Clinical profile and magnitude of diabetic retinopathy: An electronic medical record-driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India.

Purpose:This study aimed to describe the clinical profile and magnitude of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients presenting to a multitier eye hospital network in India.Methods:This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 263,419 individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) presenting between February 2012 and February 2021 (9-year period). The data were collected using an electronic medical record (EMR). Patients with a clinical diagnosis of DR in at least one eye were included in the analysis. Severe nonproliferative DR/proliferative DR/diabetic macular edema (DME) were considered sight-threatening DR (STDR).Results:In the study period, 25% (n = 66,913) were new patients diagnosed with DR. The majority of patients were males (70%). The mean age of the patients was 57 ± 10 years. The risk factors for DR were increased age: 30 to 50 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42), and 51 to 70 years (OR = 3.02), increased duration of DM: 6 to 10 years (OR = 2.88) and >10 years (OR = 6.52), blindness (OR = 2.42), male gender (OR = 1.36), lower socioeconomic status (OR = 1.43), and rural habitation (OR = 1.09). STDR was seen in 58% (n = 38,538) of examined patients. Risk factors for STDR were increased age 31 to 50 years (OR = 3.51), increased duration of DM: 6 to 10 years (OR = 1.23) and >10 years (OR = 1.68), blindness (OR = 3.68), male gender (OR = 1.12), and higher socioeconomic status (OR = 1.09).Conclusion:Every fourth person with DM was found to have DR, and every second person with DR had STDR in this study cohort. These real-world big data might provide greater insight into the current status of DR. Additional big data from similar EMR-based sources will help in planning and resource allocation.

P50.08 Targeting HER2 or EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutation in Lung Cancer - A Case Series from India

Around 4% of EGFR mutated Non Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLC) harbour exon 20 in-frame insertions. 2-4% of patients with NSCLC also have HER2 mutations, out of which 90% are exon 20 insertions. Insertion mutations at EGFR and HER2 both occur at analogous positions in exon 20. These mutations confer intrinsic resistance to most of the Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors(TKI's). Clinical trials are underway to estimate treatment benefits for novel molecules to target EGFR or HER2 exon 20 mutations. In this study, we provide the data of four patients with NSCLC associated with EGFR or HER2 exon 20 mutations. We also report the clinical benefit in an Indian setting. We collected Next Generation Sequencing-based Comprehensive Genomic Profile (CGP) testing data from medical oncologists across India. We collated data from the test reports along with clinical information. Here, we describe the results of EGFR or HER2 exon 20 targeting in our retrospective cohort. We collated 297 CGP test reports from 12 medical oncologists. Four patients had EGFR or HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation. Three had HER2 mutation and one person had EGFR mutation. One mutation was detected through liquid biopsy and the remaining ones were identified through tissue biopsy. Two patients were on Poziotinib outside of a clinical trial, one was on Osimertinib and the fourth person was on Trastuzumab emtansine. Two patients are having ongoing treatment responses at 6 months. One person on Poziotinib was on the medicine for 2 months. One person on Trastuzumab emtansine took the drug for 7 months. EGFR or HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation in NSCLC provides a promising target for novel molecules. Even in an Indian setting, clinically meaningful responses are observed.

Journey of Survivance from a Cultural Practice to Legal Precedent in Kashmiri Rhetorics: An Indigenous Study of Memoirs of Basharat Peer and Rahul Pandita

This research focuses on the practice of survivance and its journey from a cultural practice to legal precedent for likely move to constitutional praxis in the Kashmiri context. It analyzes this practice as a priori argument of the Kashmiri narrativized rhetorics selecting two memoirs, Basharat Peer’s Curfewed Night and Rahul Pandita’s Our Moon has Blood Clots, representing two Kashmiri communities. The objective is to pinpoint survivance practices as the basis of the Kashmiri assertion for indigenous sovereignty over the land, assuming Kashmiri narrativized rhetorication of the Kashmiri culture assists survivance practices transforming them into legal precedents even if they are oral testimonies of the indigenous legal claims likening them to the Vizenorian claim of the fourth person. The research validates this argument that the Kashmiri survivance practices enter the political realm and compete with paracolonialism in legal validation of the native claims but fall short of claiming constitutional praxis which requires further research through a legal standpoint regarding their affectivity in this arena.

Public awareness of tropical diseases

Introduction: Despite medical advances, the prevention and treatment of tropical diseases continue to be a current problem for communities.
 Purpose: To present the public awareness of tropical diseases.
 Material and method: The study was conducted by using an author's questionnaire. 158 questionnaires were collected and analysed.
 Results: The study included women (55.7%) and men (44.3%) of varying ages, nearly half of whom were studying or are studying a medical profession. The analysis showed that 92.4% of the respondents were aware of the factors causing contagious and parasitic diseases. Only 5.0% of respondents expressed opposition to prevention when travelling to tropical countries. Every fourth person planning a trip would not go to a specialist on this issue. Nearly 90% of respondents wanted to be vaccinated before travelling. On the other hand, only 15.2% of respondents knew that malaria is not currently prevented by a vaccine, but by chemoprophylaxis. One in five respondents said there was no need for hygienic food consumption, while more than half (53.8%) had not heard of the rule "cook, steam, peel or forget". Among the most important preventive measures, respondents most often selected hand washing (50.6%), taking care of hygiene (20.2%) and immunization (17.8%).
 Conclusions: Most of the respondents, especially those with medical education, demonstrated basic knowledge of tropical diseases. However, there is a great need for education, especially about visiting a doctor before travelling, types of prevention and methods of hygienic food consumption. The possibility of implementing programmes to supplement knowledge should be kept in mind.
 Keywords: tropical diseases; contagious diseases; awareness; society.

A retrospective analysis of cancers in a rural tertiary care centre

Background: In the last couple of decades, cancer incidence has been raising heavily, probably due to our changing lifestyle, habits, and increased life expectancy. The situation is so alarming that every fourth person is having a lifetime risk of cancer.Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective study among the various cancer patients admitted in our tertiary care centre for a period of 10 years from 2011 to 2020. The data and the case sheets from the hospital records were obtained from the MRD department. The case sheets were reviewed by the investigators on the variables viz age, gender, diagnosis, cancer site, investigations and treatment aspects. The data were entered in the MS excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 21. The data were expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages.Results: Total cases reported were 121 of which in the year 2014 and 2015, the cancer cases reported were 32% and 26% respectively. Then again there was a peak in 2018 and 2019 with 8% and 31% with one case each in the year 2017 and 2020. High prevalence is seen with Breast cancer, which showed 60% followed by carcinoma stomach which is 18% and carcinoma rectum which is 9%. The cancers showed low prevalence, which is 1% include carcinoma prostate, carcinoma larynx, gastro intestinal stromal tumor and retro peritoneal lipo sarcoma.Conclusions: Our study revealed that the cancer cases are high and it showed increasing trend which suggests that the population based cancer registries to be made at all levels of health care to identify the time trends so that prevention measures can be implemented at the community level.

PREFACE

This is the 1st International Conference on Small Islands Community (ICSIC) organized by Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University, Maluku, Indonesia. As an annual scientific activity of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University, this conference aims to facilitate researchers to publish and share their current research results.As we may be aware, the World Health Organization officially declared the novel coronavirus COVID-19 a pandemic. This global health crisis was a unique challenge that has impacted all countries in the world. In Indonesia, at that time, COVID-19 was widespread with continuing transmission across the country. The Indonesian government has instituted policies including mandatory compliance of travel restriction and social distancing. These restrictions were applied in each province, city, and/or regency. Considering this situation, ICSIC 2020 has been held virtually on December 12th, 2020. The uncertainty of the end of the pandemic is the main reason for the holding of this annual scientific conference and not being postponed.The theme of this conference was Momentum of Transformation of Small Islands Community in New Normal Era. and consisted of plenary and parallel sessions. In the plenary sessions, the Keynote Speaker, Dr. Lucky Adrianto from IPB University started the session and followed by six invited speakers Dr. Sophie Webber from The University of Sydney, Australia; Prof Dr. Sota Yamamoto, and Dr. Da-Jeng Song from Kagoshima University, Japan; Prof Dr. N Prachanat from Buriram Rajabath University, Thailand; Prof Dr. H Soselisa from Pattimura University, Indonesia; and Aleixo Leonito Amaral, MSc from National University of Timor Lorosa’e. The Keynote Speaker was given 30 minutes to deliver the current condition of Indonesia Small Islands Community related to the New Normal Era, and all the Invited Speaker were given 20 minutes each to talk about their current research and experience of the readiness of small islands community in their own country in welcoming new normal era.We accepted thirty-two abstracts from researchers who presented their most recent research in the Conference, and twenty-eight articles can be found in this proceeding. The parallel sessions were divided into four classes, and each class consisted of eight presenters. Presenters were given 10 minutes each to speak, and after the fourth person in each parallel session a 20-minute Q&A session was available. Zoom Meeting was used as a technology to deliver this Conference.We understand that the success of the conference depends ultimately on many people who had worked together in managing both the technical program and supporting social arrangements. Therefore, we would like to thank all committee members who had worked extremely hard for the details of important aspects of the conference programs.Thank you for your participation in this conference, we do hope to see you again in the next Conference.List of Committee, International Editorial Board, Local Editor, Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

Oncology and Cancer Treatment

Today, we are witnessing an increasing incidence of malignant diseases, statistics show that every third person suffers from malignant disease, and every fourth person dies. 25 million people in the world live with cancer. The increase in morbidity and mortality rates indicates an epidemic of cancer in modern society, and advances in diagnosis, therapy and treatment provide patients with better health care. The use of cytostatics in therapy in the last few decades is the most common way of treating patients with malignant tumors.

Manikkavasagar's the Theological Policy of Shiva

It is considered to be the best of the times in Tamil Nadu. Four people are considered to be the cause of this headache. According to the article, the biographer, who is regarded as the fourth person in the period of time as a vegetarian, describes his life history, his devotion to Lord Shiva, and the quality of his songs on the Lord. Thevara Teacher However, he is a time-honored triumvirate. In his songs, he recorded the worship of the Lord, the first and endless lord of the Naga, mixed with a deluge of lord Shiva is changing the principle.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patients\u2014a case series

BackgroundSpontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema are rare entities. A rising trend in the setting of COVID-19 even in patients who are not put on invasive ventilation can suggest an alternative aetiology.Case presentationWe describe four cases which presented with suspected symptoms of COVID-19 and were diagnosed with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema which would have been missed if not for computed tomography scan performed at the time of admission. Three of these cases had no prior history of any iatrogenic intervention, and the fourth person developing pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema after intubation.ConclusionsPneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema can be noted as a complication of COVID-19 itself as well as the complication of management of COVID-19.

Каталог лондонской выставки 1935 года как источник по истории коллекционирования китайского искусства

From November 1935 to March 1936, the International Exhibition of Chinese Art took place in the halls of the Royal Academy of Arts in London. In 16 halls of the Burlington House, about 4,000 objects were exhibited. More than a dozen of countries and more than 200 private collectors participated in its organisation and lent objects for the exhibition. Besides, a third of the items were lent by the Chinese government. The exhibition was attended by over 400,000 visitors and every fourth person bought its catalogue. In terms of number of items and participated persons and institutions, the London Exhibition remains unprecedented to this day. It is difficult to overestimate its importance for the development of art historian studies in Chinese art. The Catalogue of International Exhibition of Chinese Art, 1935–1936, (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1935) remains one of the key sources of information about the exhibition. Even though mentions of the catalogue could be found in numeral sources that in one way or another write about the exhibition or the objects exhibited there, no analysis of the structure and content of the catalogue has been carried out. Meanwhile, understanding of the type and specifics of information presented in the catalogue could allow not only to enrich our knowledge about different aspects of exhibitions organization during the 1930s but also to understand better some features of the different processes associated with collecting of Chinese art in the middle of the 20th century.

Ocena jakości życia seniorów z otyłością przebywających w środowisku domowym

Admission. Quality of life is a difficult concept to define because it is reference to the subjective feeling of satisfaction that is influenced by many factors, including obesity. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of obesity on the quality of life of seniors over 65 living in the home environment. Material and methods. The research was conducted among students of the University of the Third Age in Włocławek. The study included 100 people aged 65 and over living in a home environment. The research was conducted on the basis of an anonymous proprietary questionnaire and the WHOQOL - BREF survey. Results. In the conducted research, the most numerous group were people aged 65-70, every fourth person was aged 71-75. Among the surveyed group, 32% of the respondents are overweight, 28% of the respondents are obese I degree, 7% obese II degree. The research shows that of the respondents were overweight or obese. Respondents with 2nd degree obesity indicate a low level of satisfaction with their health condition. Conclusions. The quality of life of seniors staying in the home environment is average, but the scale of the obesity problem calculated on the basis of BMI is high. The obtained results confirm that overweight and obesity largely affects the population of people ≥65 years old. Conclusions. The comprehensive care provided by medical staff has significantly improved the patient's well-being, but all activities should be continued so that the patient can recover fully.

Mental Health and the SARS-COV-2 Epidemic-Polish Research Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the mental state of Poles in the first weeks of the SARS-COV-2 epidemic. Methods: In the study, the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-18), The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Mini-Cope were used. Results: The study was conducted on a group of 443 individuals, including 348 women (78.6%) and 95 men (21.4%). There were more women (χ2 = 6.42, p = 0.02) in the group of people with high results in the GHQ-28 questionnaire and the differentiating factors between those with sten scores above 7 (significantly deteriorated mental health) and those with average or low results (sten score below 7) turned out to be: treatment for mental disorders before the pandemic (χ2 = 19.57, p < 0.001) and the use of psychotherapy during the pandemic (χ2 = 4.21, p = 0.04) and psychiatric pharmacotherapy (χ2 = 8.31, p = 0.01). The presence of suicidal thoughts since the appearance of the pandemic-related restraints and limitations significantly differentiates the compared groups (χ2 = 38.48, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Every fourth person in the examined group (over 26% of the respondents) recorded results that indicate a high probability of mental functioning disorders. Approximately 10% of the respondents signalled the occurrence of suicidal thoughts since the beginning of the pandemic. The respondents complain mainly about problems in everyday life, lack of satisfaction from one’s own activities, tension, trouble sleeping, and feelings of exhaustion. Individuals with significantly reduced mental well-being use non-adaptive coping strategies, such as denying problems, emotional discharge, taking substances, discontinuation of action, and blaming themselves for the situation. The risk factors for the deterioration of the mental state of the respondents during the pandemic include psychiatric treatment before the beginning of the pandemic, the presence of suicidal thoughts during forced isolation, and the use of non-adaptive coping strategies (denial of the existence of problems, emotional discharge, use of psychoactive substances, discontinuation of action, and blaming oneself for the situation).

A taxonomy of holes in lace

This article presents a play script as a research artefact whose dialogue enquires into the holes found in Barbara Hepworth’s sculpture Epidauros II through the author’s practice of chemical-lace making; two makers who consider holes in very different media. This dialogue continues with the development of a taxonomy, not of a universe of holes but rather of the microcosm of an individual hole. This taxonomy counterpoints the different objects of discourse, which take form as four viewpoints: first person – the hole’s maker; second person – the hole’s user; third person – the hole’s viewer; and fourth person – the ontological hole.

No. 16 Model House Road

No. 16 Model House Road Sindya Bhanoo (bio) Latha's fingers tug at a loose strand of wicker on the arm of the loveseat. She is sitting next to Muthu on the well-worn, pale green cushions. The developer woman sits across from them, on the matching single sofa. Her toenails are painted a shade of light blue that remind Latha of the soap she uses when she does the laundry. The woman is wearing linen pants and a red cotton shirt, appropriately high-necked and pleasantly loose, with a stylish outward flare at the waist. One of her legs is crossed over the other, and the boldness of this shocks Latha. Not because she thinks women should not cross their legs. She believes that women can do anything. Her own daughter works, and she sees women working on the TV serials she watches. Latha is shocked because, for the first time, she is observing a woman at work—with the style, posture, and demeanor of a professional—right in front of her, in her home. Mornings in Bangalore are typically crisp and cool, but this morning there is a bit of warm sun and it streams through the grilled window, casting a shadow of bars that stretch underneath Latha and Muthu's round, glass-topped coffee table. The woman has her papers spread out over the glass, one page right on top of the plate of butter biscuits that Latha set out: sketches, floor plans, and photographs detailing what things could be like. They could have three bedrooms or four, she says. Right now, they only have two. She directs her words towards Muthu, though it is Latha who actually owns No. 16 Model House Road. Binny left it to her when she died, not to him. "The living area will increase by 50 percent with most options," the woman says, her English clean and crisp. "Remarkable what we can do." The developer's proposal is simple: to demolish Latha's beloved No. 16 and, in its place, erect a thoughtfully constructed, modern, low-rise apartment building. Four stories. Four flats. All costs covered by the company. During the year it would take to construct the new building, the company would cover the cost of Latha and Muthu's housing with a generous lump sum. At the end of it all, the bottom flat would go to Latha and Muthu, and the other three would go to the developer and be sold at a big profit. It was a scheme happening all over Bangalore in various forms, as the city's tech industry grew at an explosive rate. Property values were higher than they had ever been, and housing was almost impossible to find. A few years ago, another developer had offered to buy their plot. Theirs was just a one-and-aquarter–ground plot but that developer had been willing to pay them three crores for it. They declined. [End Page 142] Today, the woman has four layouts for Latha and Muthu to choose from. Latha is partial to the smallest of the floorplans because it offers the most garden space. But she knows Muthu has disregarded it. While Muthu studies the plans, Latha continues to study the woman. Her hair is long, loose, and straight, cut unevenly in the front so that pieces of it touch her cheeks and chin. The unevenness appears to be intentional. She is in her early thirties, Latha thinks, based on her still-firm skin and the presence of a single visible gray hair that runs down from her side part. She is not wearing a thaali around her neck, or a ring, but that means nothing in Bangalore these days. Even Latha's daughter, newly married, only wears her thaali when attending a wedding or some other family function. "From the beginning, I have liked this one," Muthu says. He points to a layout that appears to have an extra room jutting out the back. From the beginning. Muthu had wanted to take the deal the first time the company made a proposal, nearly ten months ago. The woman is the fourth person from the company to come to their...

Pathways, background and outcomes of the transition to adulthood in the early 2000s in Hungary

In the present paper, we analyze the process of the transition to adulthood in contemporary Hungary. We identify typical pathways, describe them in terms of role transitions, as well as regarding their socio-economic and family background and various outcomes. In order to do so, we regard the transition to adulthood as a multi-dimensional and dynamic process. Using longitudinal data from four waves of the Hungarian Generations and Gender Survey (2001–2012), we apply the method of two-step latent class analysis to study the 1981–1983 birth cohort between ages 18–20 and 29–31. Our results indicate that the transitory period between adolescence and adulthood can be characterized by quite different role configurations. Four different pathways were identified. The most common one is characterized by prolonged education and delayed family formation (51%). Every fourth young person become employed early and form their own family late (24%), while 17% belongs to the early family formation group. Interestingly, the pathway that resembles a standard, linear model of transition to adulthood the most (rapid family formation after prolonged education) is the least frequent (9%). The four different pathways differ regarding their background and outcomes. Our results suggest that both becoming independent “too early” and “being stuck” in the postadolescent life phase may be associated with social disadvantage and they contribute to the transmission of social disadvantage across generations. Contrastingly, following the pathway of rapid family formation after prolonged education is a kind of “social privilege” and often leads to the most advantageous socio-economic status and wellbeing at around age 30.

Deciphering brand loyalty through brand association and emotional confidence

This paper investigates the influence of emotional confidence and brand association on brand loyalty and whether there is a statistically significant difference in the brand loyalty of consumers having low or high emotional confidence. Data was collected outside fast food restaurants across Karachi using systematic sampling. Every fourth person exiting the restaurant was approached to fill a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results suggest that both brand association and emotional confidence have a statistically significant influence on brand loyalty. The variance explained in brand loyalty was higher when emotional confidence was included in the model. The result of the independent sample t-test suggests that there is a statistically significant difference between consumers having low and high emotional confidence in terms of their brand loyalty. Consumers with higher emotional confidence showed higher brand loyalty.

Value of Soft News and Celebrity News – ‘It Is [Not] All the Same’: What Celebrity Journalism Can Learn From the ‘Logan Paul Suicide Forest Scandal’

In the last decade, journalism scholars expanded the scope of journalism studies by seriously researching soft news. However, the value of studying soft news remains controversial based on the thesis that soft news is incompatible with the ‘higher’ journalistic values. Today, there is evidence showing that soft news can, indeed, entertain and serve ‘higher’ journalistic purposes, such as the reduction of racial/ethnic prejudice. Yet, empirical evidence remains limited to a few soft news genres. To broaden the evidence base for the compatibility thesis, the study provides an educative case study from the soft news genre of celebrity news (CN). CN was selected because it is one of the increasingly popular soft news genres and it lacks empirical evidence for the compatibility thesis. Further, the subgenre of celebrity scandal news (CSN) was selected because of the high expected relatability to personal, social, cultural, and economic issues. The ‘Logan Paul Suicide Forest Scandal’ (LPSFS) was selected because it is timely (2018), highly covered (according to Google Trends, Logan Paul was the fourth most-searched person in 2018), thematically complex (involving suicide) case. A purposeful sample of online news articles was collected and thematically analyzed. The study is a vivid empirical demonstration of the compatibility thesis based on the CN articles that use the LPSFS to explore related serious issues concerning suicide, attention economy and digital culture. Ultimately, research, social and practical implications for future celebrity journalism are discussed based on constructive journalism and transmedia journalism.