Fourth Edition Research Articles

Long-term quality of life in patients with BrownⅡ maxillary defect repaired by different methods

Objective: To analyze the long-term quality of life of patients with Brown Ⅱ maxillary defect repaired by tissue flap or prosthesis. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for maxillary malignant tumors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2014 to 2017 were selected to investigate the postoperative long-term (>5 years) quality of life using the fourth edition of the University of Washington quality of life questionnaire (UW-QOL). Mann Whitney U test was used to examine the differences between two groups. Results: In this study, 4 cases were lost to follow-up, 9 died, and a total of 46 valid questionnaires were collected, including 24 males and 22 females, aged 19-86 years. There were 26 cases of class Ⅱb/c and 20 cases of class Ⅱd. Tissue flap reconstruction was performed in 29 cases (tissue flap group) and prosthesis restoration in 17 cases (prosthesis group). The score of chewing QOL in the prosthesis group was higher than that in the tissue flap reconstruction group (Z=-2.787, P=0.005), but the scores of entertainment, swallowing, speech and emotion QOL in the former group were respectively lower than those in the latter group (Z=-3.185, -2.091, -2.556 and -1.996, respectively, all P values<0.05). In patients with Brown Ⅱb/c defect, the prosthesis repair could improve the chewing QOL score (Z=-2.830, P=0.005), but no statistically significant differences in other QOL scores between two groups. In patients with Brown Ⅱd defect, the tissue flap reconstruction could improve the scores of pain, entertainment, swallowing and speech QOL (Z=-2.741, -2.517, -2.320 and -2.843, respectively, all P values<0.05), and the average QOL score in tissue flap reconstruction group was also higher than that of the prosthesis group (Z=-2.276, P=0.023). Conclusion: For postoperative long-term quality of life, both prosthesis and tissue flap reconstruction can offer satisfactory results in patients with Brown Ⅱb/c defect, and patients with Brown Ⅱd defect repaired by tissue flap reconstruction have better speech and swallowing functions. Tissue flap reconstruction may bring more entertainment and emotional benefits.

‘My name is Death/But be na' fley'd’: Bishop Percy and the Ghosting of Robert Burns in Ireland

Recent decades have seen much scholarly exploration of Robert Burns’s impact on Irish writers, particularly those connected with the province of Ulster. Less explored is the antagonistic and opportunistic response to Burns in Ireland by a number of poets, editors and patrons. This article will chart Thomas Percy (1729–1811) and his literary circle’s responses in the Dromore area of County Down to Burns’s roles as poet, song collector and literary celebrity. It will argue that Percy and his associates reacted to Burns’s work and literary afterlife with a two-pronged strategy. First, they sought to emulate Burns through publishing or providing financial assistance to a number of texts of poetry and song. Secondly, they sought to establish a network of patrons and authors who employed literature as a means to portray a stable and loyal Ireland after the Union of 1800/1. As well as a heavily revised edition of Percy’s Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (1795), the group created platforms for a variety of poets including Thomas Stott, Hugh Porter and Patrick Brontë. This strategy sought to invoke Burns directly as an influence, but also implicitly to exclude his legacy from shaping the writing of the circle. This article suggests that the strategy was not fully successful. Despite the generally good reception of Percy’s fourth edition of the Reliques, the other authors in the circle did not always receive praise for their work, and writers like Stott were criticised for their weak, sycophantic verse. It will claim that for some of this circle, such as Hugh Porter, Burns’s influence played a major role in shaping the promotion of their writing careers. However, for many, there was an attempt to manage the trajectory of the writer’s work and career that minimised the agency and reach of the author. Ultimately, notwithstanding the attempts to quell and minimise Robert Burns’s impact in County Down, his inspiration remained powerful and difficult to contain.

Effect of SPARK Training Program on Neuropsychological and Motor Performance of Male Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Background and Aims The present study aims to investigate the effect of the SPARK training program on some neuropsychological and motor performance variables in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2) in male children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 28 school-aged boys diagnosed with DCD (based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) from elementary schools (1-4th grades) in District 22 of Tehran, Iran. They underwent the MABC-2 tests as a pretest assessment. Then, they were divided randomly assigned to training (n=14, mean age: 8.6±1.39 years) and control (n=14, mean age: 8.11±1.15 years) groups. The training group performed the SPARK training program at 16 sessions of 45 minutes, three sessions per week. At the end of the training sessions, participants completed the posttest assessment. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance. Results The training significantly improved motor performance in domains of manual dexterity (Placing pegs, drawing a trail), ball skills (catching with both hands, throwing a bean bag onto mat), and balance (One-board balance, heel-to-toe walking forwards, hopping on mats) (P&lt;0.05), but there was no significant change in manual dexterity test of threading lace (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion It seems that the SPARK training program can improve some neuropsychological and motor performance indices in male children with DCD.

Preface

On behalf of the organizing committee, we would like to welcome all participants to the Fourth International Conference on Emerging Electrical Energy, Electronics & Computing Technologies 2022 (ICE4CT 2022) here in Kedah, Malaysia from 28 - 29, December 2022. ICE4CT 2022 is our fourth conference, jointly conducted by Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Nandha Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India and Centre of Excellence for Renewable Energy (CERE), UniMAP. The fourth edition was conducted in hybrid mode. The physical sessions including inaugural ceremony, keynote address and technical paper presentation sessions were conducted on 28, December 2022 and online technical paper presentation sessions and closing ceremony were conducted on 29, December 2022 in Google Meet online meeting platform.ICE4CT 2022 is an important event that brings academics and researchers from around the world to share our professional experiences, expand our professional networks and receive updates on the latest advances in the field of Electrical Engineering & Computer sciences. The keynote speeches are among the events not be missed by all participants. A prominent and vast experienced speaker Prof Dr. Dylan Dah Chuan Lu, University of Technology Sydney, Australia shared knowledge as well as his latest research ideas and findings in his field.Also, ICE4CT 2022 would have not been successful conference without the submissions of technical papers from researchers who have invested their time & energy writing about variety of topics which includes High Voltage Engineering, Insulation Technology, Power Electronics & Energy Efficient Drives, Computer Vision & Image Analysis, Data Mining & Cloud Computing, Wireless Communications, Medical Informatics, Internet of Things (IoT) applications & many more. As such, we would like to thank all the authors for supporting ICE4CT 2022 and wish you a fruitful discussion.Finally, ICE4CT 2022 would not be possible without the dedicated work and efforts of the organizing committee and its cadre of volunteers who worked tirelessly to develop and strengthen every aspect of the conference. We wish to express our gratitude for your hard work and commitment towards making ICE4CT 2022 a grand success.List of Committee is available in this pdf.

Time usage analysis and satisfaction comparison by occupational area according to the sex of single-parent families.

Single-parent families are burdened with dual roles as parents amidst economic poverty due to the lack of a spouse. Single parents also face the complications of time poverty. To examine the time use of single-parent families by dividing their time into occupational area and explore the differences in time deficiency and life satisfaction. In this study, the time usage in the '2019 time of life survey' data of the National Statistical Office is classified based on the fourth edition of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, and the time use and satisfaction of single-parent families classified according to sex. In the '2019 time of life survey' of the National Statistical Office, the subjects who selected single-parent families in the 'single parent-parent-grandchild households' item were first selected. The data of 404 parents from single-parent families were selected next. The time usage, time deficiency, and life satisfaction were analyzed by occupational area. The subjects spent the most time resting and sleeping, followed by engaging in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), work, and health management. As a result of comparing the subjects by sex, it was found that the male subjects spent more time on work than the female subjects, and the female subjects spent more time on IADLs, education and social participation. As a result of comparing time deficiency and life satisfaction, the male subjects felt that they lacked time compared to the female subjects. There was no significant difference in life satisfaction. By examining whether single-parent families' time use by occupational area affected the time deficiency, it was found that male's working time make them feel they have less time, while female's leisure time makes them feel they have more time. This study made it possible to determine the characteristics of single-parent households' time use and sex differences. Furthermore, it is expected to be used as basic data for measures to solve not only time poverty, but also economic poverty in single-parent families.

Tax effects on foreign direct investment-Just a rerouting.

This paper investigates tax-related determinants of indirect foreign direct investment (FDI). In particular, it studies the effects of bilateral effective average tax rates, the strength of anti-tax avoidance rules in host countries and tax haven status of home countries on the volume of indirect FDI host countries receive. The paper uses the fourth edition of the OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment (BMD4) database, which distinguishes between ultimate and immediate FDI. Methodologically, the paper relies on the standard gravity equation for FDI and applies the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation model. The paper shows that ultimate FDI is not influenced by tax-related factors but only real economic determinants, whereas tax rates affect immediate FDI. This finding suggests that previous research may have overestimated the tax elasticity of FDI, and taxes do not have an impact on location decisions of FDI, but rather the route of investing-direct or indirect. The paper defines indirect FDI as the difference between ultimate and immediate FDI and finds that high bilateral effective average tax rates encourage indirect FDI. The finding is robust under different specifications.

Physical activity and osteosarcopenia in Korean adults aged 65 years and older: a national cross-sectional study using the KNHANES data

BackgroundOsteosarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the co-existence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This study aimed to examine the relationship between various types of physical activity and osteosarcopenia in community-dwelling Korean adults aged 65 years or older.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used raw data from the fourth and fifth editions of the Korean National Health and Nutritional Survey Examination, conducted from 2008 to 2011. The researchers exclusively recruited participants aged 65 years or older for the study. These participants were categorized into four distinct groups based on their clinical factors, namely individuals without osteoporosis or sarcopenia, those with osteoporosis alone, those with sarcopenia alone, and individuals with osteosarcopenia. The International Physical Activity Short-Form was used to calculate the weekly time spent walking, moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, and vigorous aerobic physical activity. Number of days in performing strengthening or stretching exercises were also surveyed. We used logistic regression analyses to examine the association between various physical activities and occurrence of osteosarcopenia.ResultsA total of 1,342 participants (639 men and 703 women) were included in the analysis. No significant difference was observed in the amount and level of aerobic physical activity between the groups. The odds ratios below were based on participants without osteoporosis or sarcopenia as the reference category. The un-adjusted odds ratio of participants who performed stretching (male, 0.179, 95% CI 0.078–0.412; female 0.430, 95% CI 0.217–0.853) and strengthening exercises (male, 0.143, 95% CI 0.051–0.402; female, 0.044, 95% CI 0.006–0.342) at least twice per week was significantly lower in participants with osteosarcopenia compared to those without. In the adjusted analysis (adjusted by age, body mass index, house income, educational level, smoking habits, drinking status, and protein intake), only female patients in the osteosarcopenia group had a significantly lower adjusted odds ratio for performing strengthening exercise compared to female participants without osteoporosis or sarcopenia (0.062, 95% CI 0.007–0.538).ConclusionsAfter adjusting for confounding factors and protein intake, women aged 65 years and older who suffered osteosarcopenia had considerably lower odds ratio of performing strengthening exercises.

Prevalence of eating disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a scoping review of the literature.

Eating disorder (ED) and bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit certain phenomenological similarities rooted in eating behavior and emotional regulation. However, despite the growing body of research on the comorbidity of ED and BD, scientific data on the concurrent course of these disorders has remained poorly systematized. To conduct a scoping review of published data on the prevalence of various types of ED among patients with BD types I and II in the context of the sex and clinical features of the concurrent course of these disorders. The analysis was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE electronic database. Studies were included if they were focused samples of patients diagnosed with BD and ED, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth and fifth editions (DSM-IV, DSM-5), or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth Revision (ICD-10), were used for the verification of the ED and BD diagnoses. The descriptive analysis method was used to summarize the review findings. A total of 41 studies were selected for the review. Lifetime ED in patients with BD ranged from 2.2% to 31.1%, and the prevalence rates of BD among patients with ED varied from 11.3% to 68.1%. ED nominally had a higher prevalence among individuals with BD type II and females. Additionally, the presence of ED in patients with BD was associated with earlier onset of mood disorder, a higher number of depressive episodes, higher levels of atypical depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, as well as a higher frequency of comorbid obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders, addictions, and various metabolic disorders. Despite the high degree of volatility in the results, the prevalence rates of a concurrent course of ED and BD are rather high. For this reason, screening for ED in patients with BD and vice versa holds significant value in the accurate diagnosis and selection of the most effective therapy. The patterns of comorbidity among different types of ED and BD, depending on gender, need further exploration in future research.

An exploratory follow-up study of cannabis use and decision-making under various risk conditions within adolescence.

Studies examining the associations between decision-making (DM) and cannabis use (CU) often use cross-sectional, adult samples, and composite scores or single tasks to assess DM. The present study explored differential associations between tasks assessing DM under various risk conditions (i.e., ambiguous vs. explicit; gain vs. loss) and CU frequency, CU-related problems, and CU disorder (CUD) onset across a 2-year period within adolescence. Adolescents (n = 401, 90% Hispanic) aged 14-17 at baseline participated in five biannual assessments. CU frequency, CU-related problems, and CUD were assessed using the Drug Use History Questionnaire, Marijuana Problems Scale, and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, respectively. DM was assessed using the Iowa gambling task (IGT), Game of Dice Task (GDT), and Cups Task. We used latent growth curve modeling to examine bidirectional associations between DM and escalation in CU frequency and CU-related problems, and discrete time survival analyses to determine whether baseline performance across DM tasks predicted CUD onset. Baseline performance on the GDT predicted greater escalation in CU (β = .200, p = .008) and CU-related problems (β = .388, p = .035). No other significant associations were found. DM under explicit risk may be a more salient risk factor for escalating CU and CU-related problems than DM under ambiguous risk. Deficits in executive functioning could partially explain the results. Findings suggest that neurocognitive development should inform prevention and intervention efforts focused on reducing CU. Given the exploratory nature of the present study, replication of findings is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Old Testament Saints in Menologia of Cyrillic Early Printed Tetraevangelia

This artile examines Old Testament saints present in menologia of cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelia, i.e., books issued in the 16th–18th centuries. Only twenty-seven Old Testament figures mentioned by name and three groups of saints can be found in the fixed liturgical calendar of cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelia. Three prophets, Elisseus, Elias and Daniel, together with the Three Holy Youths, as well as Forefathers, Fathers and Seven Maccabean Martyr Brothers, are present in all cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelia. Prophet Malachi is missing in all Lviv and the fourth Vilnius editions, while two prophets, Jeremiah and Moses, are absent in all eleven South Slavonic cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelia. Six minor prophets, together with Samuel and Righteous Job, were introduced with the inclusion of the full menologion in the Moscow cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelion issued in 1653. Four prophets (Isaiah, Sophonias, Nahum and Micah) can be found in some editions printed before 1653. Six other Old Testament figures, Solomonia and Eleazar, Jonah, Zachariah, Ezekiel and Jesus of Navi, were introduced into Moscow cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelia issued in the 1680s. The last four saints occurred for the last time in 1694. The results obtained in this research have proven that liturgical tradition reflected in menologia of cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelia was not homogeneous nor stable but was subject to change. Old Testament saints are present in menologia of cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelia, but they are overshadowed by New Testament and other figures commemorated by the Orthodox Church.

New Generation FMEA Method in Automotive Industry: An Application

It is aimed to gain study substantiality by making an application for risk analysis study in the automotive industry. To bring to the literature the current point of risk analyzes used in FMEA methods applied in the automotive industry. At the same time, it is aimed to improve a problem experienced in the process of an operating in the automotive supplier industry with the risk analysis method. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) from risk analysis which is strong method to identifying and managing of the risks of potential failures occurring from product, process, service and system. Three methods were used in FMEA risk analysis in the study. AIAG FMEA Handbook fourth edition 2008, VDA-4 standard and new generation AIAG&amp;amp;VDA FMEA handbook, 2019. In this study, a Process FMEA study was prepared for the surface coating preparation process used by an automotive supplier industry. According to the results of the risk analysis, corrective actions were defined and prepared after the P-FMEA study. Afterwards, the necessary investments were made by the company management and the risks were minimized. With this investment, an innovative and technological application was integrated by ensuring the transition of the process from the human factor to automation. In addition, differences and current information about FMEA evaluation methods used in the automotive industry have been brought to the literature

Analisis Wacana Kritis Program Blak-Blakan Edisi Keempat Jawa Pos Radar Semeru Tv

The Blak-Blakan program, which airs every Wednesday night, is the flagship program on Radar Semeru TV's YouTube channel because it is widely appreciated by the audience. The fourth edition of the Outspoken Program raises the topic of “Batik and Typical Lumajang Clothing, Whose?” and it's pretty warm. Regent Regulation Number 23 of 2016 concerning Official Clothing for Employees and Officials in the Lumajang Regency Government Environment is considered to have caused polemics and controversy. The polemic about Lumajang's typical clothing (PKL) depicting this regional icon occurred because it had not been specifically regulated by the local government. This study aims to conduct a critical discourse analysis of the Fourth Edition of the Outspoken program on Jawa Pos Radar Semeru Tv. The method used is Critical Discourse analysis from Teun A. van Dijk. The research subject was the Blak-Blakan program which aired on Wednesday, February 24, 2021. The object was the discourse built through Radar Semeru TV's Blak-Blakan program. The results showed that there were 2 discourses built in the Fourth Edition of the Outspoken program on Jawa Pos Radar Semeru Tv: First, Implementation of Regent Regulation No. 23 of 2016 which is strengthened by the Regional Secretary Circular Number 800/2471/427.1/2020 concerning the Use of Lumajang Typical Clothing for ASN in the Lumajang Regency Government Environment needs to be reviewed. This is because the batik and street vendors that are worn have not shown the characteristics of Lumajang's identity. Second, the discourse on batik and street vendors needs to have a clear legal basis. In addition, both of them must be registered as Intellectual Property Rights (HAKI) for Lumajang at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights so that they are not adapted and copied by other regions.

Theme-Based Book Review: The Future of Nonprofits

This theme-based book review considers three recent titles related to the challenges faced by nonprofit organizations: the new fourth edition of Understanding Nonprofit Organizations: Governance, Leadership, and Management, edited by Lisa A. Dicke and J. Steven Ott; Resilience and the Management of Nonprofit Organizations: A New Paradigm, by Dennis R. Young and Elizabeth A. M. Searing; and Organizing Logics, Nonprofit Management and Change: Rethinking Power, Persuasion and Authority, by Tracey M. Coule and Carole Bain.

Acquisition of Mandarin long passives by children with developmental language disorder

ABSTRACT This study investigated the comprehension and production of long passives (i.e. bei-constructions with an overt agent) in Mandarin-speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Seventeen preschool children with DLD (1 female; mean age: 61 months old) and 23 typically developing (TD) children (6 females; mean age: 62 months old) participated in a sentence-picture matching task (for comprehension) and an elicited production task. Their nonverbal working memory (NVWM) was measured with the fourth edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Results showed that children with DLD were less accurate and more likely to choose the picture with reversed thematic roles than their TD peers on passives in the sentence-picture matching task; in the elicited production task, they produced fewer target responses than TD children in passives. For NVWM, although that of the DLD group was lower than that of TD children, most children in the DLD group were within the average range. Furthermore, their performance on passives in the comprehension and production tasks was significantly correlated with their NVWM, which adds to the body of work suggesting links between complex syntax and working memory. However, the fact that NVWM could be preserved in the face of difficulties with passives suggests that this link may be due to NVWM enhancing performance during tasks with a high visual component, while it may not be underlyingly responsible for syntactic impairments in children with DLD.

New ASAM criteria will force change for residential programs

When final publication of the fourth edition of The ASAM Criteria occurs in the fall, substance use treatment providers will see a document more relevant to the continuum‐of‐care approach that is taking hold in the industry. The co‐CEO of one of the nation's most prominent treatment facilities believes the field's traditional residential programs will have to adjust the most to the latest edition of the industry's main guide to level‐of‐care placement and treatment planning.

Self‐managed abortions in Ghana: A health policy framework analysis

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐managed abortions (SMAs) remain a public health challenge; and are worst in deprived settings. In this policy review, we sought to analyze the legal and policy frameworks within which SMA occurs and look at how these may help improve abortion outcomes in Ghana.MethodsWe searched and reviewed documents on “self‐induced” or “self‐managed” abortion in Ghana from 2015 to 2022. Databases searched included Ghana Digital Attorney, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Repositories of Public Universities in Ghana. The key documents reviewed included the abortion law (Act 29) of Ghana, the fourth (2021) edition of the Ghana Health Services’ Comprehensive Abortion Care Standards and Protocols, and the 2017 Maternal Health Survey report. Key documents reviewed included amended Act 29, Comprehensive Abortion Care policy, and standards. We then performed policy analysis using Walt and Gilson's policy triangle framework regarding the context, practice, processes, and key players.ResultsAfter a careful review of the literature, the following key themes emerged in the framework analysis: the policy environment for SMA, the practice of SMAs, key players of SMAs, consequences of induced abortions, the abortion law, and criminal connotations of SMA. We found that SMAs remain criminalized in Ghana but the local practice persists with the use of registered and unregistered abortifacients. We also observed frequent criminal connotations of SMAs in the literature but no evidence of related prosecutions. There was limited empirical evidence on the safety and efficacy of SMAs in Ghana.ConclusionFrom our findings, we contend that there is an unduly high criminal connotation of SMA in Ghana. We, therefore, recommend a multilevel stakeholder engagement to decriminalize SMAs to ensure improved access to safe abortions in Ghana.

Bailey, M. (2020). Academic Writing A Handbook for International Students (M. Karataş, translation editor, translation from the fourth edition). Ankara: Nobel.

Bu çalışmada Stephen Bailey tarafından yazılan “Akademik yazma: Uluslararası öğrenciler için el kitabı” başlıklı kitabın dördüncü basımından Türkçe’ye yapılan çevirisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Kitabın orijinalinin (Academic Writing a Handbook for International Students) basım yılı 2014’tür ve orijinal basımın yayıncısı Routledge’tir. Kitapta Bailey, uluslararası öğrencilere hem lisans hem de lisansüstü düzeyde İngilizce akademik yazma ödevlerine yardımcı olmayı hedeflemektedir. Kitap her ne kadar uluslararası öğrencilere ve İngilizce akademik yazma becerilerini geliştirmeye yönelik olsa da bu Türkçe çevirisinde temel yazım kuralları İngilizce ve Türkçe olmak üzere her iki dil için karşılaştırmalı olarak verilmiş ve farklılıklar açıklanmıştır. Kitap sadece lisans ve lisansüstü öğrenciler için değil, makale, ödev, tez, rapor vb. bilimsel ve akademik yazı yazmak isteyen bütün araştırmacılar için temel bir kaynak niteliğindedir.

Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Cognitive and Neurobehavioral Development in Children at 6 Years of Age.

Epidemiological evidence regarding the effects of prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on neurodevelopment in children is inconclusive. In 449 mother-child pairs from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study, we measured the concentrations of 11 PFASs in maternal plasma samples obtained at 12-16 weeks of gestation. We assessed children's neurodevelopment at 6 years of age by the fourth edition of the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18. We evaluated the association between prenatal exposure to PFASs and children's neurodevelopment and the effect modification of maternal dietary factors during pregnancy and the child's sex. We found that prenatal exposure to multiple PFASs was associated with increased scores for attention problems, and the individual effect of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was statistically significant. However, no statistically significant association between PFASs and cognitive development was observed. Additionally, we found the effect modification of maternal nut intake and child's sex. In conclusion, this study suggests that prenatal exposure to PFASs was associated with more attention problems, and maternal nut intake during pregnancy may alter the potential effect of PFASs. However, these findings were exploratory because of multiple testing and the relatively small sample size.

Ten principles of outdoor recreation: An excerpt from Studies in Outdoor Recreation: Search and Research for Satisfaction (fourth edition)

Author(s): Manning, Robert E.; Anderson, Laura; Budruk, Megha; Goonan, Kelly; Hallo, Jeffrey; Laven, Daniel; Lawson, Steven; McCown, Rebecca Stanfield; Minteer, Ben; Newman, Peter; Perry, Elizabeth; Pettengill, Peter; Reigner, Nathan; Valliere, William; van Riper, Carena; Xiao, Xiao | Abstract: An excerpt from the concluding chapter of the 4th edition of this standard textbook.

The IV International Symposium on Fungal Stress and the XIII International Fungal Biology Conference

For the first time, the International Symposium on Fungal Stress was joined by the XIII International Fungal Biology Conference. The International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS), always held in Brazil, is now in its fourth edition, as an event of recognized quality in the international community of mycological research. The event held in São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, in September 2022, featured 33 renowned speakers from 12 countries, including: Austria, Brazil, France, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, México, Pakistan, Spain, Slovenia, USA, and UK. In addition to the scientific contribution of the event in bringing together national and international researchers and their work in a strategic area, it helps maintain and strengthen international cooperation for scientific development in Brazil.