Fourteenth Year Research Articles

A dynamic risk assessment model for evacuation in healthcare facilities during fire scenarios

Evacuation is a critical procedure for safeguarding individuals during a fire incident within a healthcare facility. Assessing the risk associated with the evacuation process is instrumental in enhancing emergency decision-making and developing contingency strategies. Evacuation, a dynamic process, poses challenges in accurate risk evaluation using conventional static quantitative risk assessment (QRA) techniques. This study introduces a dynamic QRA approach to precisely evaluate the evacuation risk to individuals in healthcare settings during a fire. The dynamic event tree methodology is initially utilized to determine the evolving probabilities of various fire scenarios, considering the equipment failure and repair rates. Subsequently, data on fire products and the evacuation of individuals under different fire scenarios are gathered through simulations conducted with Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Pathfinder software. In addition, this research proposes a dynamic incapacitation model to calculate the consequences of fire, incorporating changes in individuals' locations and the fire products surrounding them during evacuation to accurately estimate the casualty risk. Lastly, the dynamic scenario probability was integrated with the average incapacitation probability for all individuals, introducing the concept of a fire evacuation safety time window to comprehensively assess hospital fire evacuation risk. The findings revealed that the dynamic quantitative risk analysis (DQRA) approach more effectively captures the influence of fire products on the evacuation risk compared to static methods. Specifically, the peak incapacitation probability in a hospital fire reached 0.85, with firefighting equipment, especially the sprinkler system, reducing this risk by over 97% and decreasing evacuation time by 45%. In addition, the risk of fire evacuation in hospitals reaches a critical threshold in the fourth year, enhancing the repair rate of the firefighting system postpones the risk's escalation to a critical threshold until the fourteenth year.

The NCCB Case Example: Reflections on a Successful Fourteen-Year CBPR Partnership

The Newark Community Collaborative Board (NCCB) is in its fourteenth year of operation with nine successful research projects and more than six million dollars in funding. The NCCB began with a community needs assessment in Newark, New Jersey, that led to the subsequent establishment of a community collaborative board (CCB) of consumers, researchers, service providers, and residents committed to advocating for health equity through community engagement and research informed by critical thinking. This paper explores the NCCB’s history and processes that allowed conducting community-based participatory research (CBPR) to reduce inequities related to social determinants of health (SDH). This conceptual manuscript draws on data from NCCB meeting minutes and a group interview with three of the five founding members. We detail the collaborative process used to develop and assess Community Wise, a multilevel, group-based intervention designed to reduce substance use among formerly incarcerated men in Newark, funded by the National Institutes of Health. Review of documentation and interview transcripts revealed the following key ingredients for success: 1) Having a north star; 2) Functional diversity; 3) Challenges as learning opportunities; 4) Board structure and healthy relationships; and 5) Funding and resources. The NCCB has undergone multiple transformations, including a name change to the New Jersey Critical Consciousness Collaborative Board (NJ-3CB), representing its growth from being a small local board to becoming part of a network of community collaborative boards across the United States and a chapter of the global campaign against racism. These and future transitions will help sustain the collaborative journey.

Real options analysis applied to investment projects in planted forests of Pinus

Planted forests are long-term projects involving a large monetary contribution, and generally require the incorporation of managerial flexibility. As the traditional methodology for economic evaluation does not allow for the incorporation of these flexibilities, our study aimed to analyze whether investment projects in planted forests of Pinus elliottii Engelm. are economically feasible, by applying a real options analysis. We used empirical data from one hectare of a planted forest of P. elliottii with a 14-year planning horizon. Managerial flexibilities were incorporated in combinations and also separately, as options to defer, expand or abandon the investment project. Through Monte Carlo simulation, the present value of USD 1.016 was conditioned to anticipated return values from the second to the fourteenth year, with a volatility return of 14.5%. With real options analysis, the value of the combined options was USD 29, which, in terms of traditional net present value, showed an expanded net present value of USD 468. The real options analysis thus shows that investment projects in planted forests of P. elliottii are economically feasible. Given that real options analysis is a methodology not widely used in the forestry sector for economic analysis of investment projects, this study can be used to assist forest managers in analysing investment risks and decisions, specifically those related to market fluctuations of planted forests of Pinus spp., assuming that the real options of deferral, expansion and abandonment of an investment project are used.

NEVER ENDING STORY: SOME NEWS ABOUT THE GANG FROM URUK

This paper studies a new record (FLP 1596) relating to a criminal gang that operated in Uruk in the fourteenth year of Nabonidus. It examines the form of the record and its unusual terminology. Above all, however, it seeks to relate an episode described in FLP 1596 to the broader history of this gang's activities presented in 2014 by M. Sandowicz.

Editors' Introduction

Editors' Introduction

從“衛侯出奔齊”看《春秋》書法———以楊伯峻説爲討論中心

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 據孟子所言，《春秋》乃孔子以魯史“春秋”爲底本，參酌百國“春秋”，修訂而成，其書法寄寓孔子的“微言大義”，在褒貶中呈現了聖人的思想和見解。《左傳》有兩處記載“未修春秋”，分别見於宋華耦及衛甯殖之言。甯殖説：“吾得罪於君，名在諸侯之策曰：‘孫林父、甯殖出其君’。”是知諸侯史策皆書曰“孫林父、甯殖出其君”，而《春秋》則書“衛侯出奔齊”，兩文迥異。古今論者大多認定後文出於孔子所修，此説自杜預創始，得到唐宋後儒的推衍，具有清晰的傳承脈絡，成爲解讀“衛獻公出奔齊”的主流意見。楊伯峻獨排衆議，不信孟子説，倡言孔子不修《春秋》。楊先生認爲史策本書“孫林父、甯殖出其君”，《春秋》作“衛侯出奔齊”，是由於甯喜使衛侯復位更改史文的緣故。楊説出於臆測，裁斷無稽，翻案乏力，不可信據。
 Mencius claimed that Confucius compiled the Spring and Autumn Annals and attached moral judgements to it. Scholars generally believe that the entry in the Annals for the fourteenth year of Duke Xiang (559 BCE) “the Marquis of Wei fled to Qi”, which differs from what the Zuozhuan recorded as “Sun Linfu and Ning Zhi drove their ruler into exile”, attested that the Annals in its present form should be ascribed to Confucius. Examining the related narratives in the Zuozhuan together with exegeses offered by scholars, this paper attempts to develop an account of the difference between the above-mentioned records and argues that Yang Bojun (1909 1992) in his commentary makes a bold effort to overturn the traditional understanding.

Health promotion, community-campus-local authorities partnership and new health professional profile

Abstract Issue Meinier is a county near the city of Geneva, Switzerland. Following an initial study aiming to identify its residents’ health needs, the local authority formally engaged our Institute to try to resolve the problems disclosed, which were of socio-economic and psycho-social nature. Our objective was to demonstrate that a collaborative approach to implementing effective intersectorial health promotion works at county level and that there is a need for a new role for public health, working at county level. Description of the problem Numerous meetings of the inhabitants gradually developed into a community-wide dialogue, leading them to clearly define their requirements. Old people felt isolated and wished to remain in the village, rather than enter a nursing home elsewhere. Young families could not get established because of a lack of available housing and nonexistent day care facilities for children. Social links between people had diminished. Further difficulties arose from poor mobility. Effets Given these findings the inhabitants drew together to develop a more equitable society, in a partnership between the authorities and our Institute. A participative intersectorial approach allowed a global program to be put together, which particularly united housing, urbanism, ecology and mobility. The project, driven completely by community participation, is now in its fourteenth year, its 40 million dollar budget adopted by community vote. Results One prominent aspect is the new village center, with its sheltered housing for the elderly, affordable accommodation for young families, child day care, a games library, shops and a restaurant as well as an intergenerational park and living space. Lessons The learning and experience gained in terms of community participation and of behavioral and social health determinants has been very important for all concerned. Key messages A collaborative approach to implementing effective intersectorial health promotion works at county level. There is a need for a new health professional profile (the county practitionner).

Music We'd Like To Hear, 2018 Season

This was the fourteenth year of Music We'd Like To Hear, the summer series of concerts organised by composers John Lely and Tim Parkinson. The atmosphere at these Friday evening concerts is informal and convivial – the audience is routinely invited to join the musicians down at the pub on the corner afterwards – but the underlying purpose is entirely serious about music. As always, each programme focuses on new music and significant works that have been rarely, or never, played in this country. The concerts wouldn't look out of place at Huddersfield, but the rationale here is less academic than personal.

Editorial

With this current issue, Vol. 14, No. 1–2, January 2017, our journal Plasma Processes & Polymers (PPaP) is now entering the fourteenth year of its existence. Since Volume 11 (2014), PPaP has been appearing as an e-only journal, among a steadily increasing trend in this industry as proportions of subscriptions to printed versions continue to shrink. Fortunately, this has been well accepted by both authors and readers, obvious advantages to both groups being the elimination of charges for color figures that so greatly enhance the appearance and clarity of articles. Below, we shall mostly be citing data pertaining to Vol. 12 (2015) because statistics for 2016 are still incomplete at the time of this writing. In 2015, 232 manuscripts were submitted of which 123 were accepted, resulting in a record number (1469) of published pages. But 2016 promises to be the journal's best year in number of submissions because we fully expect to surpass the 2014 record of 251. The acceptance rate for submitted manuscripts, 53% in 2015, has been roughly constant over the years, between a minimum of 49% and the maximum of 63% ten years ago. Since the year 2011, all articles in Wiley Online Library receive Google specific metadata tagging to allow better extraction of information by Google Scholar. For PPaP, this has led to an enormous boost in the development of full-text downloads, which rose from ca. 80,000 in 2011 to almost 93,500 in 2015. A pie-chart showing the geographic distribution of submissions and downloads for selected countries in 2015 is presented in Figure 1. As can be seen, our current readership is more than 40% from Australasia, 25 to 30% European, 15% from the Americas, with the rest from Russia and African countries. Issues and articles that tended to be most accessed in the course of 2015/16 remained, as before, those related to biomedical applications of plasmas, for example Vol. 7, No. 3/4 (Plasma Medicine), and Vol. 11, No.12 (Plasma and Cancer), but other topics such as Innovative Analytical Techniques for Plasma Polymers, Vol. 12, No. 9, are also receiving great attention. Among other subject areas of special interest to our readership are plasma processes for optics, solar cells and microelectronics; regarding the latter, Professor C. Vallée from France will soon submit a Review Article on Plasma Processing and Moore's Law. Among other noteworthy initiatives, let us underline the following: “Expert Opinions” (“ExOp”), our former “Debates” section, is now re-established. A first paper on Derivatization by C.-P. Klages and S. Kotula appeared in the Vol. 13 (12) issue; several other experts have already signalled their intent to react to it in future pages of PPaP. Plasma-based Decontamination, another topic that can stimulate lively debate, will be the object of the next ExOp in late 2017 or 2018, guest-edited by Professor K.-D. Weltmann (INP, Greifswald, Germany). A series of “White Papers” on future trends in plasma science will also be started with his kind cooperation, six major topics having already been identified, but this too will not likely come into being before 2018. Fast-track Communications that we introduced to encourage authors to submit short reports of high novelty, a mechanism that can guarantee appearance on “Early View” within 30 days, are still regrettably not being used as much as foreseen and hoped. We redraw our readers’ attention to this feature and re-encourage them to benefit from it. By the way, may we point out the New Article Design, introduced in 2016, one that is characterized by a more streamlined layout, less typesetting errors, and shorter publication times. With a 2015 impact factor (I.F.) of 2.718 PPaP ranks among the best of journals specializing in plasma processing science. Finally, we wish to sincerely thank members of PPaP's International Advisory Board (IAB) who left us in 2016, Professor Jae Koo Lee (Pohang, S. Korea) and Dr. Mark Strobel (St. Paul, USA), for their years of dedicated service to this journal! At the same time, we welcome our new IAB members Eun-Ha Choi (Seoul, Korea), Yuichi Setsuhara (Osaka, Japan), Rony Snyders (Mons, Belgium), Luc Stafford (Montreal, Canada), and Ai-Min Zhu (Dalian, China). In closing this Editorial, we proudly underline that our journal is as always open to suggestions from its readership on any topic of general interest; for example, we welcome suggestions of themes for Special Issues, Expert Opinions, or White Papers which in selected cases can be linked to workshops or special symposia on hot topics. For more details about Plasma Processes & Polymers, go to www.plasma-polymers.org. Riccardo d'Agostino Pietro Favia Christian Oehr Michael R. Wertheimer Editors in Chief Renate Foerch Managing Editor December 10th, 2016

Carrier and Ge Industrial Systems: A Supply Chain Partnership

This case deals with Carrier Corporation's management's efforts to create a strategic supply partnership with one of its major suppliers. Some issues covered include purchasing, supply chain management, alliances and partnerships, and productivity improvement. This case has been used in an MBA course on supply chain management and in executive education general management courses. Excerpt UVA-OM-0933 CARRIER AND GE INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS: A SUPPLY CHAIN PARTNERSHIP Introduction In early 1999 Carrier Corporation and GE Industrial Systems (GEIS), were entering the fourteenth year of a relationship for the supply of fractional horsepower electric motors. Carrier used the motors to drive fans in air conditioners and furnaces; the motor accounted for approximately 10 percent of the product cost. Carrier had reaped significant benefits from the price reductions that GEIS had offered periodically over the life of the relationship, and during this period GEIS's share of Carrier's fan motor purchases had risen from less than 15 percent in 1986 when the relationship began, to almost 100 percent in 1998. In return for the increased share, GEIS had not only significantly reduced cost, but also worked with Carrier to improve productivity, quality, and lead-time. Despite the long history of the relationship and the benefits obtained, Carrier management in 1999 was searching for new ways to leverage the relationship to a higher level of cooperation and mutual benefits. The search was motivated by a new supply management initiative at Carrier's parent company, United Technologies Corporation (UTC). George David, UTC chairman, had stated in 1997 that the corporation's most important effort to strengthen performance over the next several years would be in the area of supply management. David had announced a corporate goal of $ 750 million in cumulative supply management savings by the year 2000, and Carrier was expected to provide over $ 250 million of that total. It was thus clear that a major focus for improved profitability at Carrier was in the area of supply chain management. . . .

Prawno-procesowe ograniczenia w gromadzeniu dowodów w sprawach o nieważność małżeństwa

Artykul dotyczy etapu dowodowego w sprawach o niewaznośc malzenstwa. Przepisy odnoszące sie do tego etapu procesowego, nie ograniczają sie jedynie do wymienienia i zdefiniowania mozliwych w procesaie kanonicznym środkow dowodowych. W zdecy­dowanej wiekszości są to normy, ktore nalezy zachowac przy zbieraniu dowodow. Wśrod tych norm nalezy wskazac wprost te, ktore mozna określic jako prawno-pro­ce­so­we ograniczenia w gromadzeniu dowodow. Pierwszy rodzaj ograniczen stanowią zaka­zy dowodowe, ktore zabraniają dostarczania i przyjmowania określonych dowodow. Wśrod nich są: zakaz dotyczący dowodow niegodziwych oraz zakaz skladania przez nie­ktore osoby zeznan w charakterze świadka (np. spowiednik, strona lub sedzia w danej sprawie). Kolejną grupe stanowią ograniczenia zblizone do zakazow, ale nie mają one charakteru absolutnego, poniewaz w określonych okolicznościach mogą byc uchylone przez sedziego. Do nich mozna zaliczyc dopuszczenie dowodow utajnionych oraz zeznan osoby maloletniej ponizej czternastego roku zycia lub upośledzonej umyslowo. Wazna grupa ograniczen wynika z praw osobowych. Wedlug tych norm nie mozna zobowiązac do zlozenia zeznan osob objetych tajemnicą urzedową lub zawodową oraz obawiających sie naruszenia ich dobr osobistych. Nalezy wskazac rowniez na wymogi merytoryczne i formalne przedkladanych dowodow. Wiele ograniczen przy gromadzeniu dowodow be­dzie dotyczylo przestrzegania procedury sądowej. Do ograniczen proceduralnych nalezy zaliczyc przestrzeganie terminow skladania dowodow oraz miejsca i sposobu ich prze­prowadzenia.

CITRICULTURE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY

ABSTRACT The citriculture consists in several environmental risks, as weather changes and pests, and also consists in considerable financial risk, mainly due to the period ofreturn on the initial investment. This study was motivated by the need to assess the risks of a business activity such as citriculture. Our objective was to build a stochastic simulation model to achieve the economic and financial analysis of an orange producer in the Midwest region of the state of Sao Paulo, under conditions of uncertainty. The parameters used were the Net Present Value (NPV), the Modified Internal Rate of Return(MIRR), and the Discounted Payback. To evaluate the risk conditions we built a probabilistic model of pseudorandom numbers generated with Monte Carlo method. The results showed that the activity analyzed provides a risk of 42.8% to reach a NPV negative; however, the yield assessed by MIRR was 7.7%, higher than the yield from the reapplication of the positive cash flows. The financial investment pays itself after the fourteenth year of activity.

Computing for the social good

An alternative to bringing computing for the social good into the classroom through relevant projects and system development challenges is to offer it as a supplementary experience to the program of study required for the degree. Students will see this approach as a benefit as they prepare their resumes for their internship and job searches. They reason as follows: • All my classmates will have completed the same set of technical courses required for the degree. No difference among us. • A computing for the social good experience shows something extra, something important, something relevant to the good of the community. • This experience can act as a discussion focus during interviews. At Villanova there are several out-of-classroom projects that fit under the CSG umbrella. We report on two that have a number of contrasting elements and reflect on the successes of each. <u>Common to both projects is the question:</u> Is there time? Will the students decide that they can fit another obligation into their schedules? This question focuses on the great mystery of the allocation of the 168 hours per week that each student (and each person) has. Assuming a 16 credit course load and a rigorous university setting that requires about 3 hours outside of class for every hour in class, each student has over 100 hours per week to allocate to non-academic activities, which include sleeping, eating, personal time, etc. The conclusion is that there indeed is time if students do effective time management. <u>A second question:</u> Is there incentive to participate? What are the rewards to the students in addition to the important entry on the resume? Here our two projects differ. The Program for Website Creation and Evaluation (PWCE) is an on-going component of our Center of Excellence in Enterprise Technology. PWCE is funded by a renewing gift from the Casey Feldman Foundation. Casey was killed just before she graduated from college in a tragic accident caused by a distracted driver. Her parents set up the foundation in her memory and have focused its work on Casey's interests. Her father, Joel, found that a number of small non-profit organizations such as the Francesvale Home for Smaller Animals and Nancy's House (a provider of respite care for caregivers) need expertise in web development. PWCE connects students with these organizations and pays the students the top-level rate (now $12.50 per hour) to develop or renovate the organization's website. The incentives for this project are the accomplishment of social good and some extra money for pizza or other passions. The second project is the Villanova -- Julia de Burgos collaboration, now in its fourteenth year. Each year a team of Villanova undergraduates, usually 4 to 6 students with one designated as the leader, has conducted a course on the basic elements of computing hardware, operating systems, applications software and Internet-based research for a group of twenty eighth grade students from Julia de Burgos Elementary School in North Philadelphia. This school is in a distressed neighborhood that is struggling to improve itself. The course, conducted at Villanova on four Saturdays during the spring semester, culminates in a ceremony held at Julia de Burgos in the presence of the students' teachers and families at which the students receive laptops donated by Villanova. Several students who were team members for the Julia de Burgos project have made compelling presentations to the computing ethics class about the effect of the work on the lives of students whose understanding and experiences with computer technology are far more limited than those of Villanova undergraduates. The incentives for participating in the project are the ability to make a difference in the lives of young students and to proclaim the success to a broader university community. <u>Another question:</u> Is the social good obvious? Definitely, in both cases, so participation speaks to the need of this generation of students to perform social good. <u>Finally:</u> How are the results of the project sustained? This is a difficult question for the PCWE projects because it involves a commitment to systems maintenance (updating, expanding, fixing). Although we have produced nice contemporary web sites for Nancy's House and Gilda's Club of the Delaware Valley, for example, the sites will need frequent attention for content and will need further renovation as the computing environment changes. For the Julia de Burgos project, sustaining the project depends on the efforts of the faculty leader, William Fleischman, and his willingness to continue to recruit students to help. It also depends on the evolving nature of the Julia de Burgos School as the School District of Philadelphia tries to cope with funding, politics, changes in structure and leadership, and the evolution of the neighborhood.

Socio-Economic Challenges and Risks of Genetically Modified Foods

The Department of Science and Technology also informed the Committee that due to consistent and substantial economic, environmental and welfare benefits of GM crops, 14 million farmers, including small and resource-poor, planted 134 million hectare of GM crops in 2009, across 25 countries during fourteenth year of commercialization of GM crops with share of developing countries at 46%. Thus GM crops can contribute to major challenges facing global society such as food security, sustainability, alleviation of poverty and hunger, and help mitigate some challenges associated with climate change. The effects of genetically modified foods on human health and well being are at its infancy. There exist little reputable scientific evidence in the current literature to suggest that genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption and health. Food producers and processors in response to the increasing demand for cheap, nutritious foods have invested considerable resources in developing new products using genetic engineering. It is hoped that this new technology would be used to solve the problems of hunger, food security and pest control, but at what cost to the safety of the consumer and public.Humanitarian use of GR will give both critics and advocates of genetically-modified crops the chance to work toward the goal of creating sustainable solutions for global nutritional concerns. If GMOs of all types can be developed to aid the global community in reducing suffering and building sustainable communities, then we support the efforts of the global community to develop these crops and organisms.

Shaw by the Numbers

Shaw by the Numbers

Building Effective Prison Hospice Programs: Best Practices and Processes for Developing, Managing, Evaluating, and Sustaining End-of-Life Care in Prisons (SA526)

1.Describe how prison hospice patients compare with community-based hospice patients on demographics, medical history, admitting diagnoses, and symptom prevalence and identify issues salient to developing, implementing, and evaluating prison hospice services.2.Identify key resources necessary to sustaining effective programs, including the interdisciplinary team, models of peer-care provision, and cooperative management among corrections and medical staff and inmate volunteers.3.Describe a best processes approach to integrating key resources with institution-specific resources to create community-based, community-owned, and therefore sustainable programs in other high security incarceration settings. The aging U.S. prison population is a widely recognized public health problem and has drawn increasing attention to how many prisoners experience acute, chronic, and life-limiting illness while incarcerated. In some prisons, including the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola, more prisoners will die while incarcerated than will be released. This situation has led to the development of prison hospice programs in a number of U.S. states that attempt to model the sustained success of the Angola Prison Hospice Program, now in its fourteenth year of operation. This concurrent session provides a description of the program and a broader view of how systematic analysis of the best processes developed there in conjunction with scientific study of program practices and outcomes could inform and facilitate an evidence-based approach to developing prison hospice programs in other institutions. Together, members of the interdisciplinary team from the Angola Prison Hospice Program, the executive director of the Louisiana-Mississippi Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, prison hospice researchers from the University of Utah, and, if possible, an inmate volunteer via phone or video will present and discuss ongoing implementation, management, and evaluation of the Angola Prison Hospice Program with consideration of practices and processes that are both context-sensitive and generalizable. Emphasis will be placed on growing community ownership and investment in the program and developing prison-specific processes and practices for training and evaluation. Specifically, the panel will present and discuss: the intrinsic value of the interdisciplinary approach in prison hospice, the development of education and training to accommodate both the specific needs of the corrections setting and the integral role of inmate volunteers in peer-to-peer care and mentorship, a comparison of symptom prevalence and patient outcomes for the program's patients compared with community-based hospice programs, and the role of the peer-care volunteer model in supporting these outcomes.

Just‐in‐time teaching

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview and implementation guidelines of Just‐in‐Time Teaching, an interactive engagement pedagogy used across disciplines and across the academy, now in its fourteenth year. The pedagogy has proven effective in improving classroom climate, student motivation and fostering deeper learning.

Study of dates of birth and death of WANG Tao

The dates of birth and death of WANG Tao, a famous doctor in Tang dynasty, are not found in literature and scholars have different points upon this subject. It could be sure that WANG Tao was appointed mayor of Huayuan county in the ninth year of Kaiyuan period (721) and in December of the fourteenth year of Tianbao period (756) he the revolt in Hejian. The recording after 756 could not be found in literature. According to the official system in Tang dynasty that officers retired at their age of 70, it could be sure that WANG Tao was less than 70 year old in 756. Considering his age when he was the county mayor in 721, it could be speculated that WANG Tao was born during the third year of Chuigong period (687) to the second year of Changshou period (693), and his death date should be some date after 756. But it couldn't be validated.

History and description of the Anni Bergman Parent-Infant Program

It is a proud occasion to have papers written by graduates of the Anni Bergman Parent-Infant Training Program published by The International Journal of Infant Observation. Our programme in New York, far younger than the Tavistock Clinic, is beginning its fourteenth year. The papers collected here reflect how the programme has facilitated psychoanalytically informed infant observation and clinical work with mothers, fathers, and infants in a variety of settings. Several years ago, Rita Reiswig, a founding director of the Anni Bergman Parent-Infant Program, contacted Lisa Miller about collaborating on an issue of Infant Observation. Gloria Demby and Susannah Falk Shopsin, graduates of the programme, took on the task of bringing the project to fruition. We are grateful to Beth Miller and the entire editorial board of Infant Observation, headed by Lisa Miller, for a rich collaboration with us over the past months that has culminated in this edition of the journal. The following introduction describes the beginning of our training programme and provides an overview of the ideas that have influenced the programme today – its areas of study, and our beginning expansion into clinical work in community settings and research.

Landscape of Poetry: Ryuichi Tamura

Landscape of Poetry:Ryuichi Tamura Kazuko Shiraishi (bio) Translated by Yumiko Tsumura (bio) Translator's Note The following essay by Kazuko Shiraishi () originally appeared in Shi no Huukei · Shijin no Shouzou () (Landscape of Poetry: Portraits of the Poets). In 2007, the publisher Shoshi Yamada () released the book, an anthology of work by fifteen wellknown international poets—Shiraishi's lifetime personal friends. In each essay, she introduces the poet's best work, remembering their friendship like a landscape. The book received the sixtieth Yomiuri Literary Award in 2009 ()—the second Yomiuri Award given to Shiraishi. Samuel Grolmes and I translated the poems by Tamura included in the essay.—Y. T. My encounter with Ryuichi Tamura has been my fate. I wonder what my life would have become if, at the age of seventeen, I had not run across his poem "Reunion." Perhaps fate would have taken me in a different direction. Tomorrow, no even tonight, the factory in Saijō where I work could get bombed, and I might die in a fireball. Or die by jumping into the sea from a two-hundred-meter-high cliff at the back of the factory, which was the only way to run away from the fire—whichever option I chose, there was nothing but death. Those were the days of my fourteenth year in the town of Matsuyama on Shikoku Island, to which I had been evacuated. The war ended three days before the expected air raid, so I took a deep breath, realizing I had gotten away without dying. I was overwhelmed with a sense of release, believing that from now on my life belongs to me. The girl students were able to return to school. Among the books I found in the town of Matsuyama which grabbed me were The Flowers of Evil by Baudelaire and The Blue Cat and Barking at the Moon by Sakutaro Hagiwara. I had no appetite for lukewarm lyric poetry. I returned to Tokyo. I do not have a clear memory of when and where, but I encountered Tamura's "Reunion" in the journal Poetics. For the first time, I met the earth face to face as swirling sand. The poem had a shocking impact on me. Up until then, I had been on the earth, but had never met the earth with such closeness as to have a game of chess with it. [End Page 159] Admiring the journal that published the great poem which had singularly moved me, I visited the Poetics study group, carrying with me a poem of mine, "Time." Just then Shiro Murano and Koichi Kihara were selecting and commenting on poems. Taking up my poem, Kihara said, "Whose poem is this? It has a weird feeling." And then he asked me, "As for your pen name, what have you decided on?" At that time, I had no idea that Koichi Kihara was inviting me into Katsue Kitazono's Vou poetry group. At the same time, another group of poets was publishing a magazine called Wasteland (Arechi), named after T. S. Eliot's poem. The two groups shared some ideas, and so the Wasteland poets—Saburo Kuroda, Taro Kitamura, Nobuo Ayukawa, not to mention Ryuichi Tamura and Koichi Kihara—were showing up at the meetings of the Vou group. The Wasteland poets discussed and uproariously disputed Dos Passos and Faulkner. Then when night came, they parted from the gentlemen of coffee and cake—Katsue Kitazono's Vou poets—and went out to Shinbashi to drink Calvados and vodka, and drank kasutori and bakudan at Narushisu in Shinjuku like fish. I followed them many times out of natural curiosity, even though I was still a high school student. My introductory remarks have gotten long, but this poem "Reunion" gave me a baptism into modernism, and gave me a chance to encounter and look closely at the early Wasteland group. The group advocated that poetry must have an ideology, social responsibility, and a spirituality, in desolate postwar Japan. (The Wasteland group later parted from Vou and became independent.) Reunion Where did I meet youWhere Where did I meet youmy friend who is a good friend of death my old friendMidday in...