Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer Research Articles

Investigation and optimization of cadmium ion adsorption from wastewater using raw and activated carbon of Pterocarpus santalinoides fruit

Treatment of heavy metal polluted water still remains a serious challenge for some developing countries without centralized wastewater systems. This study examined the potential of raw and activated carbon from Pterocarpus santalinoides fruit as an adsorbent for the removal of cadmium ions from contaminated water. Instrumental techniques such as fourier transform infra red spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) were used to characterize the adsorbents. The study analyzed the effect of various factors, including adsorbent dosage (0.1 – 0.5 g), cadmium concentration (10 – 50 mg/l), contact time (20 – 100 min), and temperature (30 – 70 ℃), respectively, on the adsorption of Cd2+ ions. The experimental findings revealed that the adsorbents have a high adsorption capacity for the removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were applied to access the adsorption mechanism of cadmium removal. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order model were found to fit the equilibrium data. Additionally, the adsorbents’ efficiency were evaluated using central composite design (CCD) adapted from response surface methodology (RSM). Using adsorption percentage as a response, a 30 run experimental matrix was generated by the CCD based on the interaction effects of the four earlier stated variables. According to the results obtained, a linear model was generated, which indicated good predictability and results agreed with the experimental data. The contact time and adsorbent dosage were predicted to have a positive effect on the adsorption process. At optimal conditions of adsorbent dosage (0.5 g), contact time (100 min), cadmium concentration (46.93 mg/l), and temperature (70 ℃), a desirability of 84 % was achieved by a numerical optimization approach demonstrating cadmium ion adsorption of 93 % for the raw and activated carbon from Pterocarpus santalinoides fruit.

Encapsulation of Rice Bran Oil (RBO) by Complex Coacervation Using Glutaraldehyde as Crosslinking Agent

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Rice bran is a significant by-product of the processing of rice, and rice bran oil (RBO) can be extracted from it to provide a very valuable product. It has a high smoke point but is less stable in the heating process. Further research is carried out to increase the stability of Rice Bran Oil in its utilization. Many environmentally friendly methods are being developed in storing and packaging food, including the application of microencapsulation. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent on rice bran oil microencapsulation by utilizing the natural polymers of kappa carrageenan, glucomannan, and chitosan as encapsulants using the coacervation method. Microcapsules were analyzed for their encapsulation efficiency and yield and were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Results show that increasing the amount of glutaraldehyde tends to increase the yield and efficiency of encapsulation. A yield of 49.20% was obtained by adding 1 mL of glutaraldehyde with an encapsulation efficiency of 48.22%. All samples have irregular shapes and the surfaces were rough and folded. FTIR spectra show that all samples indicated the presence of RBO as well as other polymers used in the research: carrageenan, chitosan, and glucomannan. The results of PSA show that particles are in micron size except for the addition of 1 mL glutaraldehyde.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong></p><p align="left">Rice Bran Oil. Glutaraldehyde, Complex Coacervation</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

In vitro analyses of cerium oxide nanoparticles in degrading anthracene/fluorene and revealing the antibiofilm activity against bacteria and fungi

A sol-gel method was used to synthesize the cerium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles formed were then characterized with UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), SEM-EDAX, XRD, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The UV–visible absorbance at 282 nm and characteristic peak at 600-4000 cm−1 provided insight into the formation of cerium dioxide nanoparticles using a chemical method. SEM analysis and EDAX analysis confirmed nanoparticle formation and elements within the nanoparticles based on their irregular morphology. The hydrodynamic size obtained from the DLS analysis was 178.4 nm and the polydispersity was 0.275 nm. Furthermore, XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of cerium dioxide nanoparticles. Using batch adsorption as a method, the effect of concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), adsorbent concentration, pH, and irradiation source was investigated. Under UV light conditions, 10 μg/mL cerium dioxide nanoparticle at pH 5 degraded 2 μg/mL of PAH (anthracene and fluorene). Consequently, the synthesized cerium dioxide nanoparticles were effective photocatalysts. For anthracene and fluorene, kinetic studies showed the degradation process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherms. Cerium oxide also exhibited significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against bacteria and fungi. As a result, the cerium dioxide nanoparticle has proved to be a highly effective photocatalytic tool for the degradation of PAHs and exhibits strong antimicrobial activity.

Thermo-Responsive Sol-Gel-Based Nano-Carriers Containing Terbinafine HCl: Formulation, In Vitro and Ex Vivo Characterization, and Antifungal Activity.

The current research aims to create a sol-gel-based nanocarrier containing terbinafine formulated for transdermal delivery of the drug into the skin. Sol-gel-based nanocarriers were prepared via the cold method using poloxamer-188, poloxamer-407, and distilled water. The prepared formulation was examined for pH, gelation temperature, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) analysis, thermal stability analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis, zeta potential, and anti-microbial activity. The in-vitro drug release study of F1 was found to be 94%, which showed greater drug release as compared to F2 and F3. The pH of the formulation was found to be within the range applicable to the skin. The gelation temperature was detected at 28 °C. The SEM images of formulations have spotted various particles well-segregated from each other. Analysis of formulations showed a mean globule size diameter of 428 nm, zeta potential values of 0.04 mV, refractive index (1.329), and viscosity (5.94 cP). FTIR analysis confirmed various functional groups' presence in the prepared formulation. Thermal analysis has confirmed the stability of the drug within the prepared formulation. The growth of inhibition was found to be 79.2% in 60 min, which revealed that the prepared formulation has shown good permeation from the membrane. Hence, the sol-gel-based nanocarrier formulation of terbinafine was successfully developed and evaluated.

PH-responsive green fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for visualization of intracellular pH with intuitive color changes

Designing pH-sensitive nanoprobes for visualization of intracellular pH with intuitive color change is of high significance for better understanding the pathogenesis of diseases. However, most of the reported intracellular pH imaging strategies are the single intensity-based strategies, which are susceptible to interferences from background effects. In this work, pH-responsive green fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots were synthesized for visualization of intracellular pH with intuitive color change. The as-prepared green fluorescent N-CDs exhibited obvious red fluorescence when the pH value was less than 7, while only the green fluorescence intensity changed under neutral or alkaline conditions, which can be visually observed by the naked eye. In addition, the mechanism of the green fluorescence of the N-CDs was systematically investigated by density-functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculation together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), as well as the mechanism of the response of N-CDs to pH was systematically investigated by absorption spectrum and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, the as-prepared green fluorescent N-CDs were used to visualize intracellular pH with intuitive color changes, demonstrating its promising potential in visual bio-imaging.

Identification of anthropogenic debris in the stomach and intestines of giant freshwater prawns from the Trang River in southern Thailand.

Anthropogenic waste, especially microplastics, is becoming more prevalent in the environment and marine ecosystems, where it has the potential to spread through food chains and be consumed by humans. Southeast Asian countries are home to giant freshwater prawns, a common freshwater species that is eaten around the world. Microplastic pollution in river water, sediment, and commercially significant aquatic species such as fish and mollusks has been observed, yet few studies have been conducted on giant freshwater prawns in the rivers of southern Thailand, where microplastics may contaminate prawns via the food they ingest. The purpose of this research was to investigate the accumulation of anthropogenic material in the organs of river prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Microplastics in the stomachs and intestines of giant freshwater prawns were the focus of this study. Samples were digested with 30 ml of 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), heated for 5 min at 60°C, and then digested at room temperature. The quantity, color, and appearance of microplastics were assessed using a stereomicroscope after 12 h. Furthermore, polymers were examined using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Microplastic counts were compared between sexes. A T-test was used to compare male and female microplastic counts in the stomach and intestine, and the Pearson correlation was used to compare the association between microplastic counts in the stomach and intestine and carapace length (CL), length of abdomen (LA), and body weight (BW) of male and female giant freshwater prawns. The threshold of significance was fixed at p<0.05. Based on the study results, a total of 370 pieces of anthropogenic debris were discovered in the stomachs and intestines of both female and male prawns. The average number of microplastics per individual was 4.87 ± 0.72 in female stomachs and 3.03 ±0.58 in male stomachs, and 1.73 ±0.36 in female intestines and 2.70 ±0.57 in male intestines. The majority of microplastics found in females were within the <100 µm range, while males contained microplastics in the range of 100-500 µm. Both male and female prawns contained fibers (72.70%) and fragments (27.30%). Various polymers were identified, including cotton, rayon, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The study also explored the relationship between carapace length, length of abdomen, body weight, stomach weight, and the number of microplastics. The findings reveal a significant association between the number of microplastics and stomach weight in male prawns (R=0.495;p=0.005). These findings provide alarming evidence of anthropogenic debris ingestion in prawns and raise concerns about the future effects of anthropogenic pollution on giant freshwater prawns.

The Rapid Detection of Pork Gelatin in Hard Shell Capsule on Supplement Products Using FTIR and PCA

This study aimed to develop a fast and low-cost detection method to determine the difference between hard shell capsule on supplement products containing pork or non-pork gelatin by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Partial Component Analysis (PCA). Twelve samples of hardshell capsules were used, among which Eight samples were pure made from pork and some of them adulterated with cow. The samples were detected before using real-time PCR to determine the identity of the samples. All the gelatin samples were measured with the FTIR spectrophotometer in the reflection mode. Spectra were collected in the wavenumber range from 4000-650 cm-1. The results show that the PCA model with the data were pre-processed before PCA was performed. The absorbance data from FTIR were pre-processed using Savitsky-Golay smoothing technique and continued with normalization by peak normalize before subjected to PCA. This newly developed method is fast, involves simple sample preparation and is low cost.

Synthesis and Analysis of Well‐Defined Copolymers via by Combination ROP Technique

AbstractHerein, the poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL‐PEG‐PCL) macro xanthate reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer agent is obtained on the polyethylene glycol (PEG) (600, 1000, and 1500 g mol−1) block, after the addition of ɛ‐caprolactone via ring‐opening polymerization. Then, poly (styrene‐b‐ɛ‐caprolactone‐b‐PEG‐b‐ɛ‐caprolactone‐b‐styrene) pentablock copolymer is synthesized reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) solution polymerization technique via mediated PCL‐PEG‐PCL xanthate macro‐RAFT agents and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The products are demonstrated using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT‐IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses. First‐order linear kinetic graphs of the reaction mechanism are observed with an increase in molecular weights (MW) between 16 000 and 36 000 g mol−1. The narrow dispersity (Đ = 1.40–1.48) polymer formation of styrene (St) controlled by RAFT polymerization confirms the increase in molecular weight according to the polymerization time. The reaction kinetics are first order and the rate constants are found to be k1 = 6.16 × 10−4s−1, k2 = 6.91 × 10−4 s−1 and k3 = 7.33 × 10−4 s−1. Thermal and spectroscopic analyses prove that the reactions are carried out successfully.

Effect of aqueous extract of Vicia faba peels on the mortality of immature stages and the inhibition of emergence of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes.

The effectiveness of the aqueous extract (cold and boiled) of bean peels was studied, and the active compounds were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and concentrations (1, 3, 5) mg/ml were used when treating fourth-instar larvae and the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and its effect on the percentage of the mortality of the fourth larval instar, the pupa stage and the inhibition of emergence of adults when treating the fourth larval instar and pupa stage of the insect in Kerbala governorate for March 2022 to control mosquitoes. Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, Plant extracts, Vicia faba.

Effect of aqueous extract of Vicia faba peels on the mortality of immature stages and the inhibition of emergence of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes.

The effectiveness of the aqueous extract (cold and boiled) of bean peels was studied, and the active compounds were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and concentrations (1, 3, 5) mg/ml were used when treating fourth-instar larvae and the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and its effect on the percentage of the mortality of the fourth larval instar, the pupa stage and the inhibition of emergence of adults when treating the fourth larval instar and pupa stage of the insect in Kerbala governorate for March 2022 to control mosquitoes. Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, Plant extracts, Vicia faba.

Antifungal potentiality of mycogenic silver nanoparticles capped with chitosan produced by endophytic Amesia atrobrunnea

This researchreports the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from endophytic fungus,Amesia atrobrunnea isolated from Ziziphus spina-christi (L.). Influencing factors for instance, thermal degree of incubation, media, pH, and silver nitrate (AgNO3) molarity were optimized. Then, the AgNPs were encapsulated with chitosan (Ch-AgNPs) under microwave heatingat 650 W for 90 s. Characterization of nanoparticles was performed via UV–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), zeta potential using dynamic-light scattering (DLS), and field-emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Anti-fungal activity of Ch-AgNPs at (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 mg/L) was tested againstFusarium oxysporum,Curvularia lunata, andAspergillus nigerusing the mycelial growth inhibition method (MGI).Resultsindicated that Czapek-dox broth (CDB) with 1 mM AgNO3, an acidic pH, and a temperature of 25–30 °C were the optimum for AgNPs synthesis. (UV–vis) showed the highest peak at 435 nm, whereas Ch-AgNPs showed one peak for AgNPs at 405 nm and another peak for chitosan at 230 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed that the capping agent chitosan was successfully incorporated and interacted with the AgNPs through amide functionalities. Z-potential was −19.7 mV for AgNPs and 38.9 mV for Ch-AgNPs, which confirmed the significant stability enhancement after capping. FES-SEM showed spherical AgNPs and a reduction in the nanoparticle size to 44.65 nm after capping with chitosan. The highest mycelial growth reduction using fabricated Ch-AgNPs was93%forC. lunatafollowed by 77% forA. nigerand 66%F. oxysporum at(50 mg/L). Biosynthesis of AgNPs using A. atrobrunnea cell-free extract was successful. Capping with chitosan exhibited antifungal activity against fungal pathogens.

Kapadokya’daki Post-Bizans (XIX yüzyıl) Kilisesindeki Duvar Resimlerindeki Pigmentlerin Arkeometrik Teknikler ile Araştırılması

Cappadocia region, rock churches, monasteries, houses, underground settlements, valleys and historical and geological formations have unique beauty. The region, which is rich with its cultural assets belongs to Christian culture in Anatolia, is generally known with its rock churches, and is a subject to researches. The purpose of this study is; to understand the wall painting technology of the 19th century church, and to make a comparison with the wall painting materials of the rock churches. The study material is composed of pigments in the wall paintings of the Church of St. Theodoros Trion, which is from the 19th century, and located in Nevşehir. Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Distributed Spectrometer (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction Spectrometry (XRD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) are used to determine material characterization of pigments. X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) analysis method was used in the analysis of the soil structure. As a result of analysis of the wall painting, it has been found that the ultramarine pigment is obtained from the lapis lazuli mineral and the covellite mineral of the covellite blue. In red, the red ochre and the caput mortuum pigment in purple color has been found. In the mineral of different pigment species, bauxite mineral belongs to the region have been detected. Green color, it has been determined that it is obtained from the glauconite and celadonite mineral in the region. According to the research carried out in the region in green color, it has been detected that only this pigment species has been used from the 6th century to the 19th century.

Herbal extract stabilized fabrication of zirconia nanoparticles for compacting pathogenic bacteria and human cancer cells

The biological properties of nanomaterials depend on their crystalline nature, size, and shape. In this present work, spherical-shaped zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) with an average size of 10-15 nm were fabricated and their antibacterial and anticancer activities evaluated. Enicostemma littorale (E. littorale) whole plant extract was used as a reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZrO¬2NPs. UV-Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopes (TEM) coupled with selected area diffraction (SAED), and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive study (EDS) were used to characterise the synthesized ZrO2 NPs. Results established the proficient anticancer activity of the synthesized ZrO2 NPs towards cell lines as well as efficient antibacterial activity. This is the first study in which a whole plant extract of E. littorale was used to synthesize spherical ZrO2 NPs for enhanced antibacterial and anticancer activities. Good electrochemical performance and the flow of ions were observed from the electrochemical study.

The Addition of TiO2 Ratios in SiO2–TiO2 Nanocomposite by Sonochemical Process for the Enhancement in Self-cleaning Property

This research aims to study self-cleaning property for removing atmosphere pollutants on the substrate surface. Thus, the modification of nanocomposite material for self-cleaning property is an important challenge to solving the organic pollutants on various surfaces. Nanocomposite material in this work is focused on SiO2-TiO2 based metal oxide materials that synthesized by sonochemical process with the precursors of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). The crucial parameter of different amount of titanium ratios in SiO2 matrix is related to the improvement on structural and self-cleaning properties. The ratios of Si:Ti precursor were varied at 1:0.1, 1:0.5, 1:1 and 0:1 (pure TiO2). The structural phase of SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite powder was detected by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). Chemical bonding structure in SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Surface morphology of SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite was monitored by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposites synthesized by sonochemical process were in form of composite powder with the spherical SiO2 particles and decorated TiO2 on its surface. After that, the products of SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite with different TiO2 ratios were mixed with TES 40 WN solution and deposited on glass slides substrate by spray coating to study its hydrophilic property by contact angle method. The contact angle of SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite film was reduced with the increase of Ti ratio in SiO2 matrix resulting to the development of hydrophilic surface on substrate. The influence of TiO2 in SiO2 matrix on self-cleaning and property would be improved by hydroxyl groups on the composite surface corresponding to Ti–O–Si linkages. For self-cleaning property, Si:Ti ratio at 1:1 in SiO2-TiO2 nanocomposite showed the optimized condition with decreasing contact angle at 28.97 degree in 60 min after UVA irradiation.

Facile Extraction and Characterization of Silica Nanopowder from Marine National Park beach sand via Alkali Fusion Route

The current study showed utilization of locally available beach sand from Marine National Park in facile extraction of highly amorphous silica via a simple alkali fusion method. The purification of the silica sand was done using 6 N HCl solution to increase its purity. The method entailed formation of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution from silica sand, precipitation using HCl acid to form tetraortosilicate acid, Si(OH)4 (silica gel) which is then heated to form amorphous silica (SiO2). The percentage yield of the extracted silica was 35.0139±0.11%. The extracted silica was characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR). The XRF characterization revealed that the extracted silica content was 94.16±0.47 % which increased from 81.32±0.81% (Silica sand). The XRD results revealed a highly crystalline quartz as the main component of silica sand. The XRD spectra of extracted silica showed a broad diffraction peak at 2θ = 21.76o revealing its amorphous nature. The average particle size of the extracted silica was 45.15nm. The FT-IR characterization of the extracted silica showed hydroxyl (-OH) in silanol (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) as important functional groups. The results showed a low cost technique for the production of highly pure amorphous nanosized silica as a potential mineral that can be employed in vast industrial fields.

Adsorptive removal of acid blue dye 113 using three agricultural waste biomasses: The possibility of valorization by activation and carbonization – A comparative analysis

The presence of various organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater leads to serious health effects on humans and ecosystems. Industrial effluents have been considered as noticeable sources of contaminating water streams. These effluents directly liberate the pollutants such as dye molecules and heavy metal ions into the environment. In the present study, three biowaste materials (groundnut shell powder, coconut coir powder and activated corn leaf carbon) were utilized and compared for the removal of acid blue dye 113 from aqueous solutions. The characterization study of newly prepared sorbent material (H3PO4-activated corn leaf carbon) and the other utilized sorbents was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), along with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Analysis. The influence of experimental conditions such as pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, contact time, and sorbent dosage on the removal efficiency of the dye were appraised. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic result of acid blue dye 113 adsorption onto the sorbents best obeyed from Sips and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Overall, the outcomes confirmed that the newly synthesized sorbent material (carbonized H3PO4-activated corn leaf) has superior adsorption capacity, rapid adsorption, and higher suitability for the removal of toxic dyes from the contaminated waters.

Effects of TiO2 content and crystallization treatments on elastic modulus of alkali-free aluminosilicate glass

In this work, we focused on studying the effects of TiO2 content and crystallization treatment on the elastic modulus of alkali-free aluminosilicate glass in the CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CMAS) system. Five groups of alkali-free CMAS parent glass with different TiO2 (0.30–1.50 wt%) components were designed, and several kinds of measurements including of Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and elastic modulus tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of both parent glass and glass-ceramics samples. The results show the elastic modulus of alkali-free parent glass decreased gradually with the TiO2 content increased from 0.30 to 1.50 wt%, the maximum value of elastic modulus was 91.62 ± 0.80 GPa for T-1# sample (0.30 wt% TiO2) and it decreased to 77.99 ± 1.73 GPa for T-5# sample (1.50 wt% TiO2). The crystallization kinetics analysis of both T-1# and T-5# parent glass indicate the parent glass is in favor to surface crystallization. After the heat treatment at 1000–1150 °C for crystallization, the major crystal phase of both T-1# and T-5# group glass-ceramics was found to be anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), with the crystal sizes around 200–500 nm. However, the crystallization treatments have shown different influence on the elastic modulus of T-1# and T-5# parent glass. The elastic modulus value of T-1# group glass-ceramics gradually decreased from 91.62 ± 0.80 GPa to 80.22 ± 2.84–90.82 ± 4.27 GPa after crystalized at 1000–1150 °C. On the contrary, the elastic modulus value of T-5# group glass-ceramics increased from 77.99 ± 1.73 GPa to 80.50 ± 4.57–88.91 ± 6.44 GPa after crystalized at 1000–1150 °C. This results further confirmed that the elastic modulus values of glass-ceramics main depends on the parent glass and the crystal phase in glass-ceramics.

Investigation of the removal kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism of anionic textile dye, Remazol Red RB, with powder pumice, a sustainable adsorbent from waste water.

Excessive growth and abnormal use of dyes and water in the textile industry cause serious environmental problems, especially with excessive pollution of water bodies. Adsorption is an attractive, feasible, low-cost, highly efficient and sustainable technique in terms of green chemistry for the removal of pollutants from water. This study aims to investigate the removal kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism of Remazol Red RB, which was chosen as a representative anionic reactive dye, from synthetic wastewater using powdered pumice, taking into account various experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, adsorption time, temperature and pH. Moreover, to support the proposed adsorption mechanism, before and after adsorption of the samples, the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectra, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) diffractograms and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were also taken and used. The results show that powder pumice can be an efficient adsorbent for anionic dye removal with a relatively high adsorption capacity of 38.90mg/g, and it is very effective in 30-60min in mild conditions. The experimental data showed a high agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. In addition, thermodynamically, the process exhibited exothermic nature and standard isosteric enthalpy and entropy changes of -4.93kJ/mol and 16.11J/mol. K were calculated. It was determined that the adsorption mechanism was predominantly based on T-shaped pi-pi interactions and had physical characteristics.

Improving interface interactions in PLA/HAP composites with hydroxyapatite surface modification

ABSTRACT PLA/HAP composites have attracted significant attention in material science, especially in the field of biomaterials. However, these composites have suffered from unfavorable interface interactions between PLA and HAP interfaces, which limits the applications . In this study, we aimed to improve the interface interactions of PLA/HAP composite by modifying the HAP surface. For this purpose, HAP particles were functionalized with three different silane modifying agents, including (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (AMMO), (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GLYMO) and (3-triethoxysilyl)propylsuccinic anhydride (GF-20). The obtained modified HAP (m-HAP) were used to prepare PLA/m-HAP. Interface interactions of composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, Vickers hardness tests were performed to reveal the effect of silane modifying agents on hardness before and after the in vitro degradation test.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tribulus terrestris Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials.

Green synthesis is the most effective and environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles. The present research aimed at the biosynthesizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Tribulus terrestris seed extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent and investigating their anti-diabetic properties. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the synthesized silver nanoparticles from Tribulus terrestris (TT-AgNPs). The spectroscopic characterization revealed a surface Plasmon resonance band at 380 nm, which verified the development of TT-AgNPs. The transmittance peaks were observed at 596, 1450, 1631, 2856, 2921, and 3422 cm-1 through the FTIR spectrophotometer. The XRD spectrum showed four distinct diffraction peaks in the 2θ range at 20° to 60°. Intense peaks were at 26.32°, 30.70°, 44.70°, 56.07°, 53.75°, 66.28°, and 75.32°. The SEM analysis revealed that the prepared TT-AgNPs were clustered loosely with a smooth and spherical structure and were of relatively uniform size. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of TT-AgNPs was assessed by using glucose yeast uptake, glucose adsorption, and alpha-amylase assays. TT-AgNPs showed the highest activity (78.45 ± 0.84%) of glucose uptake by yeast at 80 µg/mL. In the glucose adsorption assay, the highest activity of TT-AgNPs was 10.40 ± 0.52% at 30 mM, while in the alpha-amylase assay, TT-AgNPs exhibited the maximum activity of 75.68 ± 0.11% at 100 µg/mL. The results indicate a substantial anti-diabetic effect of the TT-AgNPs. Furthermore, the in vivo antidiabetic study was performed on TT-AgNPs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. After receiving TT-AgNPs treatment for 30 days, the mice were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses of pancreatic and liver samples, which demonstrated a good improvement when compared to the control group. Mice treated with TT-AgNPs showed a significant drop in blood sugar levels, showing that the biosynthesized TT-AgNPs have effective anti-diabetic properties.