Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Research Articles

Tumor micro-environment sensitive release of doxorubicin through chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles: An in-vitro study

Conventional chemotherapy poses toxic effects to healthy tissues. A therapeutic system is thus required that can administer, distribute, metabolize, and excrete medicine from human body without damaging healthy cells. This is possible by designing a therapeutic system that can release drug at specific target tissue. In current work, novel chitosan (CS) based polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) containing N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAM) and 2-(di-isopropyl amino) ethyl methacrylate (DPA) are designed. The presence of available functional groups i.e. OH− (3262 cm−1), –NH2 (1542 cm−1), and CO (1642 cm−1), was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrophotometry (FTIR). The surface morphology and average particle size (175 nm) was determined through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) studies confirmed the amorphous nature and excellent thermal stability of PNPs up to 100 °C with only 2.69% mass loss was confirmed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pH sensitivity of such PNPs for release of encapsulated doxorubicin at malignant site was investigated. The encapsulation efficiency of PNPs was 89% (4.45 mg/5 mg) for doxorubicin (a chemotherapeutic) measured by using UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. The drug release profile of loaded PNPs was 88% (3.92 mg/4.45 mg) at pH 5.3, in 96 h. PNPs with varying DPA concentration can effectively be used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents with high efficacy.

A Survey on Detection of Plastic-Related Chemicals in Beer Packaged in PET Using FT-IR Technology

The emerging consciousness on nano- and microplastics in our environment raises questions on how to reduce and minimize its influence on human health. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) packaging is gaining popularity, and many traditional products end up in such packaging (vinegar, wine, beer). Currently, it is very hard to quantify the number of particles and their exact composition, but semi-quantitative techniques such as FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry) can give us an insight into the chemical composition of plastic bits in foods and beverages. Nowadays, beer is packed in PET packaging, since it provides a cheaper packaging material compared to glass and since it is safe to use at public manifestations, contrary to glass bottles, while providing a reasonable barrier for gas permeation (O2 and CO2). The aim of this paper was to provide a short overview of FT-IR-detected compounds in PET-packaged beer samples. The results indicate that many compounds can be found in beer, but those that were most commonly found in our research were β-cyclodextrin and L(-)-glyceraldehyde unnatural forms, two compounds designated as plastic-related compounds.

Application of graphene oxide and its derivatives on the adsorption of a cationic surfactant (interaction mechanism, kinetic, isotherm curves and thermodynamic studies)

In this research, the adsorption of a cationic surfactant, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), on graphene oxide-based adsorbents was investigated. The adsorbents consist of graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), functionalized graphene oxid by humic acid (GO-HA), and functionalized reduced graphene oxid by thionine acetate (rGO-Th) that are characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Examine factors affecting the adsorption of CTAB such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and agitation speed were investigated. Based on the results, the optimum pH for GO, rGO, GO-HA, and rGO-Th were 7, 8, 6.5, and 10, respectively and the optimum contact time and agitation speed were 30 min and 450 rpm, respectively. Also, kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic studies were done and the results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted on experimental data for all of adsorbents. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of GO, rGO, GO-HA, and rGO-Th were 2000, 238, 3333, and 159 mg/g, and the fitted isotherm models were BET, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamic suggested that CTAB adsorption on GO and GO-HA are exothermic and on rGO and rGO-Th are endothermic processes. The results indicated that physical properties of adsorbents such as surface area do not play a significant role and the electrostatic interaction between CTAB molecules and the functional groups of adsorbents plays a key role in CTAB adsorption on GO-based adsorbents.

Investigation of the Interaction of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with ε-Polycaprolactone and Egg White Scaffolds

The development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models is becoming increasingly important due to their numerous advantages over conventional monolayer culture. This study aimed to examine the interaction of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) with scaffolds composed of ε-polycaprolactone (ε-PCL) and egg white. In our study, ε-PCL and egg white scaffolds were produced from their monomers by tin octoate catalyzed and heat polymerization, respectively. Characterization of ε-PCL was carried out by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). AD-MSCs labeled with red fluorescent CellTracker CM-DiI were cultured on egg white and ε-PCL scaffolds for 12 days. Cell viability was determined using 3-(4.5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and nitric oxide (NO) level was evaluated for toxicity. The results showed that the number of AD-MSCs in the egg white scaffold increased periodically for 12 days compared to the other groups. Although the number of AD-MSCs in the ε-PCL scaffold increased until day 6 of the culture, the number of cells started to decrease after day 6. These results were associated with the toxic effect of lactic acid release on cells resulting from the decomposition of ε-PCL scaffolds through catabolic reactions. Therefore, these results indicated that the egg white scaffold enhanced and maintained cell adhesion and cell viability more than the ε-Polycaprolactone scaffold and could be used as a scaffold in tissue engineering studies involving stem cells.

Agreement and Precision of Deuterium Dilution for Total Body Water and Multicompartment Body Composition Assessment in Collegiate Athletes

BackgroundDeuterium oxide (D2O) dilution is the criterion method for total body water (TBW) measurement, but results may vary depending on the specimen type, analysis method, and analyzing laboratory. Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) estimates TBW, but results may vary by device make and model. ObjectivesWe investigated the accuracy and precision of TBW estimates and how measurement conditions affected the accuracy of body composition using multicompartment body composition models. MethodsEighty collegiate athletes received duplicate TBW measures acquired from 3 BIA devices (S10, SFB7, and SOZO) and from unique D2O combinations of specimen type (saliva, urine), analysis methodology [Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)], and 3 different laboratories. TBW measures were substituted into 2-compartment (2C) and 5-compartment (5C) body composition models. Criterion measures were compared using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient cutoff of poor (<0.90), moderate (0.90–0.95), substantial (0.95–0.99), and almost perfect (>0.99). ResultsFifty-one participants (26 female) completed the protocol. Using IRMS saliva as the criterion TBW, all other measures produced a substantial or almost perfect agreement, except for SFB7 (poor) and SOZO (moderate). The 2C body composition measures using D2O and BIA produced poor agreement except for moderate agreement for lab 3 FTIR saliva. The 5C body composition measures using D2O produced a substantial agreement, whereas the BIA device S10 and SOZO had a moderate agreement, while the SFB7 had a poor agreement to the criterion. Test–retest precision varied between techniques from 0.3% to 1.2% for TBW. ConclusionsSmall differences in TBW measurement led to significant differences in 2C models. The 5C models partially mitigate differences seen in 2C models when different TBW measures are used. Interchanging TBW measures in multicompartment models can be problematic and should be performed with these considerations.

Evaluation of diatomaceous earth in the removal of crystal violet dye in solution

In this research, the adsorption capacity of diatomaceous earth in the removal of the crystal violet dye (CV) in aqueous solution was evaluated. The experimental methodology began with the determination of the texture properties by adsorption-desorption isotherms with N2 a 77 K, the identification of functional groups by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and, the pH of the isoelectric point by the point of zero charge (PZC). A categorical multifactorial design was developed with factors such as the initial concentration of the dye (300-1000 mg/dm3), the temperature (30, 35 and 40ºC) and the initial pH of the solution (5, 6, 7 and 8). The maximum adsorption capacity was of 96.1 mg/g up 30ºC and pH 8, satisfactorily fitting the experimental data to the Langmuir isotherm model with R2 = 0.99, suggesting a monolayer adsorption mechanism on a homogeneous surface. In conclusion, diatomaceous earth can be considered as an efficient adsorbent in the removal of CV in aqueous solution.

Synthesis and characterization of 2D-carbonylated graphitic carbon nitride: A promising organic semiconductor for miniaturized sensing devices

Miniaturized chemical sensors are desirable for field analysis and screening trials aiming at point-of-care diagnostics. For this purpose, nanostructured materials, including those of the 2D family, are highly promising once they can add to sensing devices improved properties regarding sensitivity, the limit of detection, and portability. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and application of 2D-carbonylated graphitic carbon nitride (c-g-C3N4) in the modification of screen-printed electrodes for photoelectrochemical analysis. Morphological and structural features of the material were studied through atomic force microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed-infrared spectrophotometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical bandgap of the semiconductor was estimated using diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. Glucose determination was performed as proof of concept using c-g-C3N4 as support for the immobilization of glucose oxidase and application of the photoelectrochemical sensor. The device presented a linear range from 0 to 5.00 mmol L−1 and a limit of detection of 0.43 mmol L−1. Our results indicate the suitability of employing c-g-C3N4 for designing photoelectrochemical sensors for detecting analytes of biological and medical interest.

Hybrid coating of polydimethylsiloxane with nano-ZrO2 on magnesium alloy for superior corrosion resistance

To enhance the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, an organic-inorganic coating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybridized with ZrO2 nanoparticles is developed, where the PDMS is selected as the polymeric matrix for superhydrophobic surface, and nano-ZrO2 particles as a physical barrier to strengthen and densify the polymeric matrix. The nanocomposite materials were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical, dropping corrosion, and salt spray tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of the amount of ZrO2 on the corrosion property of the PDMS-ZrO2 coatings. Thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings are substantially improved by the introducing ZrO2 modifier into PDMS matrix. Depending on the ZrO2 content, the PDMS-ZrO2 hybrids exhibit superior corrosion resistance, where the corrosion current density of PDMS-ZrO2 coatings containing 10% (wt.%) ZrO2 decreases about five orders of magnitude compared with Mg alloy substrate. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that ZrO2 nanoparticles are filled in the PDMS matrix to provide a long-term protection in the salt spray test up to 210 h. The PDMS-ZrO2 coatings demonstrate an excellent shielding ability for the Mg alloy, which is attributed to the strong hydrophobic surface of PDMS and compact network structure separated by the physical barrier of ZrO2 nanoparticles in the PDMS chains. The proposed mixed matrix membrane guides a design direction for highly water-repellent coating with a long-term corrosion protection performance.

Synthesis and characterization of an activated carbon-supported silver-silica nanocomposite for adsorption of heavy metal ions from water

We report synthesis and characterization of an activated carbon-supported silver-silica nanocomposite (AC-Ag-SiO2) for removal of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions from single and multi-metal aqueous solutions. Characterization experiments included Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis), Fourier transform Infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Adsorption of heavy metals onto the composite strongly depended on contact time (280 min maximal), adsorbent dosage (0.1–0.4 g), solution pH (5.5 ± 0.5 maximal), temperature (298–328 K) and initial metal concentration. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models with the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 ˃ 0.99) and pseudo-second-order kinetic mode (R2 ˃ 0.999) providing a better fit to the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 84.75 ± 0.24, 81.30 ± 0.2, 87.72 ± 0.96 and 81.97 ± 0.39 mg/g for Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions, respectively. The obtained values of thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG° (−13.72 ± 0.20 to −5.45 ± 0.35 kJ/mol), ΔH° (95.10 ± 14.33 to 162.4 ± 27.17 J/K.mol), and ΔS° (22.81 ± 4.50 to 39.12 ± 8.70 kJ/mol) showed that the adsorption process of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions onto AC-Ag-SiO2 composite was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic and physical in nature. Regeneration studies suggested that AC-Ag-SiO2 composite could be reused effectively with no statistical significance among the cycles (p > 0.9 for all the four metal ions).

Microfluidic Invasion Chemotaxis Platform for 3D Neurovascular Co-Culture

Advances in microfabrication and biomaterials have enabled the development of microfluidic chips for studying tissue and organ models. While these platforms have been developed primarily for modeling human diseases, they are also used to uncover cellular and molecular mechanisms through in vitro studies, especially in the neurovascular system, where physiological mechanisms and three-dimensional (3D) architecture are difficult to reconstruct via conventional assays. An extracellular matrix (ECM) model with a stable structure possessing the ability to mimic the natural extracellular environment of the cell efficiently is useful for tissue engineering applications. Conventionally used techniques for this purpose, for example, Matrigels, have drawbacks of owning complex fabrication procedures, in some cases not efficient enough in terms of functionality and expenses. Here, we proposed a fabrication protocol for a GelMA hydrogel, which has shown structural stability and the ability to imitate the natural environment of the cell accurately, inside a microfluidic chip utilizing co-culturing of two human cell lines. The chemical composition of the synthesized GelMA was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), its surface morphology was observed by field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), and the structural properties were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The swelling behavior of the hydrogel in the microfluidic chip was imaged, and its porosity was examined for 72 h by tracking cell localization using immunofluorescence. GelMA exhibited the desired biomechanical properties, and the viability of cells in both platforms was more than 80% for seven days. Furthermore, GelMA was a viable platform for 3D cell culture studies and was structurally stable over long periods, even when prepared by photopolymerization in a microfluidic platform. This work demonstrated a viable strategy to conduct co-culturing experiments as well as modeling invasion and migration events. This microfluidic assay may have application in drug delivery and dosage optimization studies.

CHARACTERIZATION OF BEAN HUSK-BASED ADSORBENT

The discharge of dyes is one of the major water pollution which can cause severe damage to both human beings and animal. Hence, the need for treatment of wastewater containing dyes. This research was aimed at finding out the potential of beans husk as a viable adsorbent for treatment of dye-containing wastewater.The bean husk potential adsorbent was washed, dried and sieved. It was then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR), Energy dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS).The adsorbent prepared has several pores, with functional group like O-H, S-H, C=C and C=O for the bond formation between the adsorbent and the dyes. The carbon and carbon compounds-content of bean husk is very high (100% CK). The bean husk is suitable as an adsorbent for the decolurization of textile wastewater. And has a potential of being effective for wastewater treatment.

Novel Graphene oxide-Polyethylene Glycol mono-4-nonylphenyl Ether adsorbent for solid phase extraction of Pb2+ in blood and water samples.

A novel and efficient Graphene Oxide-Polyethylene Glycol mono-4-nonylphenyl Ether (GO-PEGPE) nanocomposite was synthesized and used for solid phase extraction of trace levels of Pb2+ in different water and blood samples. The synthesized adsorbent was then characterized by the Fourier Transform-Infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). To optimize the critical parameters including pH of samples solution, amounts of adsorbent and extraction time, the response surface methodology based on the central composite design (RSM-CCD) was used and based on the results, pH = 6.0, extraction time = 22min and amounts of adsorbent = 15mg were selected as the optimum conditions. The relative standard deviation based on seven replicate analysis of 2µg L-1 Pb2+ was 5.2% and the limit of detection was 0.023µg L-1 (n = 8). The results of adsorption isotherm investigation show that the adsorption of Pb2+ onto the GO-PEGPE nanocomposite obeyed by the Langmuir isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity of 69.44mgg-1. Also, based on the Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) isotherms, the adsorption of Pb2+ onto the GO-PEGPE nanocomposite is a physisorption phenomenon and the consequences of the kinetic models illustrated that the adsorption of Pb2+ followed by the pseudo second order adsorption kinetic model. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for preconcentration of Pb2+ in different water and blood samples of turning industry workers.

Assessing the Synergistic Activity of Clarithromycin and Therapeutic Oils Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate Based Floating Microbeads

We developed alginate-based floating microbeads of clarithromycin with therapeutic oils for the possible eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections by enhancing the residence time of the carrier at the site of infection. In pursuit of this endeavor, the alginate was blended with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as an interpenetrating polymer to develop beads by ionotropic gelation using calcium carbonate as a gas generating agent. The developed microbeads remained buoyant under gastric conditions for 24 h. These microbeads initially swelled and afterwards decreased in size, possibly due to the erosion of the polymer. Furthermore, swelling was also affected by the type of encapsulated oil, i.e., swelling decreased with increasing concentrations of eucalyptus oil and increased with increasing concentrations of oleic acid. Antibacterial assays of the formulations showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli); these assays also showed synergistic activity between clarithromycin and therapeutic oils as evident from the higher zone of inhibition of the microbeads as compared to the pure drug and oils. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed a smoother surface for oleic acid containing the formulation as compared to eucalyptus oil containing the formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the development of a stable formulation, while Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) studies did not reveal any interaction between the polymers and the active ingredients. Optimized formulations (CLM3 and CLM6) were designed to release the drug in a controlled manner in gastric media by Fickian diffusion. Conclusively, the developed microbeads are a promising carrier to overcome the narrow therapeutic index and low bioavailability of clarithromycin, while the presence of therapeutic oils will produce synergistic effects with the drug to eradicate infection effectively.

Graphene oxide-sulfated lanthanum oxy-carbonate nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from water samples with application of statistical optimization and machine learning computations

Sulfated lanthanum oxy-carbonate nanorods (S-La2O2(CO3) NRs) was synthesized by the reverse micelle microemulsion method and then used to modify graphene oxide nanosheets to synthesize of graphene oxide-sulfated lanthanum oxy-carbonate (GO-S-La2O2(CO3)) nanocomposite. By characterization of S-La2O2(CO3) NRs and GO-S-La2O2(CO3) nanocomposite by the Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrophotometry, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), GO-S-La2O2(CO3) was used for treatment of malachite green (MG). To find the optimum removal percentage (RP), influencing parameters were investigated by the response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD). Adsorption mechanism was evaluated by Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R), Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich (two parameter equations) and Sips (Three parameter equations) isotherms and based on the results the adsorption of MG into the GO-S-La2O2(CO3) nanocomposite obeyed by the Freundlich isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity of 555.5 mg g−1. Also, the results of kinetic analysis show that the adsorption of MG onto the GO-S-La2O2(CO3) nanocomposite followed by the pseudo second order kinetic model. For estimation of adsorption behavior, different machine learning techniques are used and based on the results; ANFIS model has the confidential operation because of fuzzy procedure and flexibility of data mining in distributed adsorption data.

Non‐isothermal DSC curing kinetics study of silicone‐modified epoxy/ABS/GO nanocomposite

AbstractIn this study, non‐isothermal curing kinetics of the prepared samples was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to evaluate the effect of methyl phenyl silicone resin (MPS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and graphene oxide (GO) on the cure reaction of epoxy resin. Chemical and microscopic structure of prepared nanocomposites was investigated using Fourier‐transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Izod impact strength of modified epoxy resin with 5 phr MPS, 2 phr ABS, and 0.1 phr GO was about 53% higher than pure epoxy resin. Evaluation of activation energy (Ea) by Kissinger, Ozawa, FWO and Friedman methods showed that the presence of GO facilitates the curing reaction by reducing Ea about 30% which is due to the catalytic effect of hydroxyl groups presented on the surface of GO for epoxy ring opening. According to Friedman's plots, curing reaction remained autocatalytic for all of samples. The presence of GO increased the autocatalytic term of the reaction (n) from 0.26 to 0.32. Non‐isothermal DSC diagrams obtained from experimental data fitted well with data obtained from theoretical relations.

Characteristics and structure of a soy protein isolate-lutein nanocomplex produced via high-pressure homogenization.

In recent years, nanocarriers for transporting active substances have attracted attention. This study was to explore the soy protein isolate (SPI) after high-pressure homogenization (HPH) (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 MPa) as potential lutein carriers. The load amount (LA) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the SPI-lutein nanocomplexes at a homogenization pressure of 60 MPa were the highest (2.32 mg mL-1 and 92.85%, respectively), and the average particle size and ζ-potential of the SPI-lutein nanocomplexes were 192.1nm and -30.06 mV, respectively. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl-antioxidant activities of the complex increased from 12.4% and 23.3% to 52.7% and 61.07%, respectively, after the protein was treated with HPH. The surface hydrophobicity of the SPI and the SPI-lutein nanocomplexes increased with increasing homogenization pressure treatment. Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry analyses suggested that the homogenization treatments resulted in partial unfolding of the protein molecules, and the addition of lutein can also lead to the change of protein secondary structure. The fluorescence emission of SPI was quenched by lutein through the static quenching mechanism. Fluorescence experiments revealed that SPI and lutein had the strongest binding ability through hydrophobic interaction at a homogenization pressure of 60 MPa. After HPH, the combination of SPI and lutein was beneficial, and the stability of lutein also improved after the combination. This study is conducive to expanding the application of soybean protein in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

CuO Nanoparticle@Polystyrene Hierarchical Porous Foam for the Effective Encapsulation of Octadecanol as a Phase Changing Thermal Energy Storage Material

CuO nanoparticle-doped hierarchical porous polymeric frameworks can be used for shape stability of octadecanol (OD) as a phase change material (PCM) for latent heat energy storage (LHTES) applications. A hierarchical porous foam polymer was synthesized by high internal phase emulsion polymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene doped with/without CuO. The synthesized high internal phase templated polymers (PHPs) with hierarchical pores were capable of absorbing up to 75 wt % OD without seepage behavior. The morphological, structural, and thermal behavior of PHPs/OD and PHPs@CuO/OD composite PCMs was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal analysis results revealed that PHP containing 75 wt % OD has an LHTES capacity of 190.4–194.0 J/g in the temperature range of 52.0–53.0 °C. The chemical and thermal stabilities of the developed composite PCMs were tested with repetitive thermal cycles. After 0.25 wt % CuO nanoparticle doping, the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM increased up to 86 and 17% compared to PHP and pure OD, respectively. Heat storage/releasing times of PHP@CuO/OD reduced about 20–22% relative to those of PHP/OD because of improved thermal conductivity. The thermal stability of PHP/OD and PHP@CuO/OD composites increased from 196 to 278 °C and 251 °C, respectively, compared to pure OD. The results exposed that especially PHP@CuO/OD composite PCMs are good candidates for LHTES applications because of their considerably high LHTES capacity.

멜라닌의 광열전환효과를 이용한 전분 기반 생분해성 소재의 약물방출 특성

In this work, functional aspirin (ASP) incorporated biodegradable materials for transdermal drug delivery system were prepared using mungbean starch (MS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium benzoate (S), xylitol (XL), and melanin (MEL). In addition, physical properties, photothermal conversion effect, and ASP release properties for prepared functional ASP incorporated biodegradable materials were investigated. Prepared biodegradable materials was analyzed using a Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR). Phototheramal conversion effect and ASP release properties were evaluated with NIR laser (1.5W/㎠) irradiation time. Results of photothermal conversion effect with NIR laser irradiation indicated that the temperature increase of MEL added biodegradable materials were about 3.5 times higher than MEL non-added biodegradable materials. ASP release ratio(%) of MEL added biodegradable materials with NIR laser irradiation were about 1.5 times faster than MEL non-added biodegradable materials. From the results, prepated functional biodegradable materials are expected to be applied as biomedical material for acute antipyretic, painkiller and cardiovascular disease treatment.

FTIR and GCMS Analysis of Antidiabetic Compounds in Ethyl acetate Seed Extracts of Momordica charantia

Momordica charantia L., which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family is also known as bitter gourd, bitter melon, karela and paharkai in Tamil has been widely used as a vegetable and also as herbal medicine for diabetic patients. Identification of bioactive compounds in the plant material may be useful for proper standardization of herbs and their formulations. The present study was conducted to analyze the antidiabetic compounds present in Momordica charantia seed extracts using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrophotometry) and GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy) analysis. FT-IR analysis of ethyl acetate seed extracts of Momordica charantia confirmed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, aldehydes, aromatic compounds, aromatic amines and aromatic hydrocarbons. GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate seed extracts of Momordica charantia revealed the presence of about forty compounds in that four were found to be biologically important as per literature studies because of their anti diabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties.

Fourier transformation of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of NPK mineral and biomineral fertilizers

In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), comparatively employed to provide a quick, relatively inexpensive and efficient method for identifying and quantifying of NPK fertilizers of the AGRO series and their immobilized by the bacteria Bacillus Subtilis BS-26. A comprehensive spectroscopic study of NPK fertilizers of the AGRO series was reported first in the IRTracer-100 spectra (400-4000 cm-1) and the mineralogical composition of the these fertilizers was carried out by Powder X-Ray diffractometry Lab-X, XRD-6100 using corporation Shimadzu, Japan at room temperature. For analysis, the initial pure form of fertilizers AGRO series such as AGRO-01, AGRO-02, AGRO-03, AGRO-04 and their immobilized by Bacillus Subtilis BS-26 bacteria were selected. Results were shown as pictures and diffraction patterns. They contain information on the samples’ mineralogical composition and provide specific important structural and functional information.