Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy Research Articles

Utilization of waste from paper industry as a heterogeneous base catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel

AbstractTo meet the pressing demand for alternative biofuel in the contemporary world, the production cost of biodiesel has to be decreased. Hence, this work addresses the usage of CaCO3‐rich industrial waste produced in a local paper industry in Assam, India for the synthesis of a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. The collected lime sludge waste was subjected to calcination at 800°C for 3 h producing a CaO‐rich catalyst which was then employed in the transesterification of cottonseed oil. The optimized reaction conditions obtained were 5 wt% catalyst concentration, oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:12 at 65°C temperature, and 3 h of reaction time. The catalyst's reusability was evaluated up to four cycles. Besides, the prepared catalyst has been characterized using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X‐ray Diffraction (p‐XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques and its basicity was measured using Hammett indicators. Moreover, the biodiesel obtained was characterized with 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C‐NMR, Gas Chromatography‐ Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), and FTIR techniques. A biodiesel yield of 98.03% was achieved and the quality of biodiesel formed during the transesterification of CSO also conforms to EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751 standards. Thus, our study highlights the sustainability and the potential for future industrial application of paper industrial waste in the production of biodiesel.

A novel carbon quantum dot (CQD) synthesis method with cost-effective reactants and a definitive indication: Hot bubble synthesis (HBBBS)

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are carbon-based biocompatible quantum dots that have low toxicity, are more soluble in water, have broad application areas, and the surface modification of these can be performed easily. In this study, we present a new CQD synthesis method with cost-effective reactants that can be easily found in laboratories are used. Besides, there is a definitive indication (bubble) for CQD production, unlike the other methods in the literature. The purification method of the CQDs was also optimized in this study. In the beginning of the synthesis, 3 times centrifugation (x3 CF) of the mixture was performed and the optimization of the purification method indicated that x3 CF before 3 days of dialysis membrane tubing (x3 CF & 3 DM) resulted in the formation of the purest CQDs. The characterization of the CQDs was done utilizing UV–VIS spectrophotometer, Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Zetasizer, fluorescence microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was concluded that the CQD formation depends on the mixing of sulphuric acid:acetone (2:1) ratio in a hot (140-165 °C) and an inert environment, and bubble coverage of the mixture surface(30-60 s). The bubble formation due to the reaction between sulphuric acid and pure acetone at high temperatures gives the developed method’s name of “Hot Bubble Synthesis” (HBBBS).

Sensitive determination of the cardiac drug isoproterenol in the presence of acetaminophen using modified electrode with multiwall carbon nanotube/ZnCo-Zeolite imidazole frameworks and ionic liquid

Isoproterenol (ISO) is a synthetic amine that used to treat heart attacks, allergic emergencies, bronchitis, and cardiac chock. But on the other hand, excessive use of ISO can cause a significant decrease in blood pressure, as well as cause heart failure and/or cardiac arrhythmia, or in sometimes cause vasodilation of skeletal muscle arteries. Therefore, determination of ISO in various specimens is very important. The present attempt was made to introduce a sensitive electrochemical sensor by using carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes/ZnCo-Zeolite imidazole frameworks and ionic liquid for determination of ISO at the presence of acetaminophen (AC). The characteristics of the as-fabricated sensor were explored via scanning electron microscope, Fourier transfer infra-red spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The electro-oxidation current of ISO onto the modified electrode surface was linear in the range of 0.04–580.0 μM and a limit of detection 9.8 nM was calculated according to 3Sb/m. For assesses the practical applicability of the modified electrode, the values of ISO and AC in serum and urine samples were determined using the calibration plot and as a result, appropriate relative standard deviations (2.6–3.5 %) and recoveries (97.2–103.9 %) were obtained.

A Study the Addition of Silver Dioxide on Some Optical Properties of Phosphate Bioactive Glass

This study investigates the influence of silver oxide (Ag2O) concentration on the optical characteristics of phosphate bioactive glasses (PBGs). PBGs have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional silicate glasses in the medical field due to their excellent bioactivity and chemical resistance. Samples with varying Ag2O concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75g) were sintered at 780°C for 2 hrs in an electric furnace. The samples were subjected to Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) tests to assess their functional groups and optical properties. By analyzing the FTIR spectrum of phosphate bioactive glass containing different amounts of Ag2O, it is possible to identify changes in the vibrational modes associated with Ag-O bonds and to gain insights into the structure and composition of the material. Because Ag-O bonds exhibit infrared vibrational modes, introducing Ag2O changed the FTIR spectrum. As Ag2O concentration increased, Ag-O vibrational modes strengthened, indicating more Ag-O bonds. UV-Vis spectroscopy, with increasing Ag2O concentration, the peak location shifted towards shorter wavelengths. Optical spectra show distinct UV absorption in the prepared glass spectrum, extending to near visible with increasing Ag2O content. The PL spectra peaks and band gap energies revealed that Ag2O altered the glass's electrical structure and optical activity. These discoveries help optimize metal-phosphate bi-active glass for biomedical implants and UV-blocking coatings. The melting-annealing technique prepared glasses based on the base host Na2O-CaF2-P2O5 system with increasing Ag2O as additives or loading (0.2 to 1 wt%).

Facile fabrication of high thickness hydrophilic polymer brushes via Surface-Initiated Microliter-Scale copper mediated PhotoATRP toward antifouling surfaces

The recent development of sustainable chemistry motivates scientists to develop economically favourable, highly efficient, and environmentally friendly polymerization techniques. This contribution demonstrates a facile fabrication of hydrophilic polymer brushes via surface-initiated photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization using a copper catalyst in low concentrations and microlitre volume of polymerization mixture (SI-μL-CuPhotoATRP). The fabrication proceeds by sandwiching of μL reaction solution between a Si-wafer modified with ATRP-initiator and a glass slide under atmospheric and ambient conditions. Optimization of reaction conditions was realized on hydrophilic monomer such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Effect of various experimental parameters such as light intensity, solvents, ligands, the volume of the reaction solution, size of the Si-wafers, amount of CuBr2, and CuBr2/ligand ratio in kinetics, linear increase of polymer layer thickness, final thickness and profile of unmodified edges were investigated. The successful fabrication of hydrophilic polymer brushes is confirmed via Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), profilometry and water contact angle. A linear thickness increase with time up to at least 300 nm was achieved, compared to polymethacrylate layers with thickness up to approximately 100 nm previously published by using photoATRP. The general applicability of the optimized conditions for SI-μL-CuPhotoATRP was further proved for two additional hydrophilic monomers, such as glycidyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. Furthermore, sequential homo and block copolymerization demonstrated the living character of fabrication conditions, permitting facile fabrication of well-controlled tetra block homo/copolymer brushes with a pyramid-like pattern on Si-wafer. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes-grown surfaces exhibit excellent antifouling properties and long-term structural stability. The facile, affordable, and environmentally friendly SI-μL-CuPhotoATRPapproachprovides avenues for various surface modifications, such as biomedical, soft robotic, and coating applications.

Electronic structure control of IrO2 via conjugated polymer support for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction

In this paper, we report synthesis of novel nanoparticle catalyst of iridium oxide supported on conjugated polymer along with evaluation of activity and durability for oxygen evolution reaction. The IrO2/poly(BIAN-thiophene)/TNT catalyst was prepared from iridium complex and poly(BIAN-thiophene)/TNT by hydrothermal method. The synthesized IrO2/poly(BIAN-thiophene)/TNT catalysts was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transfer-infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. The average particle size of the IrO2 particles on poly(BIAN-thiophene)/TNT was 2.5 nm. The XPS measurement revealed that Ir complex was completely converted to iridium oxide through hydrothermal treatment. The IrO2/poly(BIAN-thiophene)/TNT catalyst showed sufficient performance for OER activity and durability in acidic condition. Our results indicate that IrO2/poly(BIAN-thiophene)/TNT is one of the prospective candidate catalysts for water splitting.

Correlating pH-controlled green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles with their magnetic properties and catalytic performance

Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) were prepared through environmentally friendly methods, using Nigella sativa seed extract as a stabilizing agent and different pH for the working solutions (pH=7, 9 and 11, respectively). In a second step, these NiO NPs were characterized with various and complementary techniques, as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS profiles, and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD patterns confirmed the one and only formation of NiO, as revealed by the Rietveld refinement procedure. The use of Williamson equation showed a significant variation in structural and microstructural parameters. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed vibration modes specific to Ni-O nanomaterials at 470 cm−1. On the other hand, magnetic investigations highlighted the fact that NiO, obtained in a solution with a pH equal to 9,called NiO-9, has the highest Ms and Mr values, of the order of 1.524 and 0.084 emu/g respectively, thus improving its ferromagnetic performance. Moreover, in the presence of NaBH4 and with the aim to reduce 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, in the case of water treatment, it appeared that the total time for the catalytic activity of NiO-9 was the lowest, i.e., 30 min. Moreover, NiO-9 was characterized by the faster rate constant, namely 0.29 min−1, which could be linked to intrinsic properties of this material (microstrain, electroactive sites and generated carrier charges).

Desulfurization of coal using SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite immobilized on glass beads under solar light irradiation

Abstract Coal is one of the important sources of energies and its combustion produce sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, which needs desulphurization to avoids the pollution issue. Coal desulfurization was performed using SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite under solar light irradiation. The SnO2/TiO2 was synthesized by co-precipitation method and deposited on glass beads. The prepared SnO2/TiO2 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite desulfurization efficiency was performed under solar light irradiation and process variables, i.e., irradiation time, H2O2 and pH were optimized for maximum desulfurization of coal. The SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite showed promising efficiency and 60 % sulfur removal was achieved under optimum conditions. Based on efficiency, the SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite has potential for the desulphurization of coal under solar light exposure, which will make the process highly economical feasible.

Investigation of the influence of plasticizers on the biodegradability of cellulose acetate

AbstractIn order to evaluate the biodegradability of the cellulose acetate (CA) films plasticized with different concentrations of glycerol (GLY) or triethyl citrate (TEC), analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were conducted through 180 days. Throughout the analysis, indicators of plasticizer exudation were observed, including changes in visual appearance and mass loss, ranging from 39.141% and 20.663% (first day) up to 0.524% and 0.488% (last day) for TEC and GLY plasticizer based films, respectively. Changes were also noted in the infrared spectrum, and TGA plots with polymer degradation peaks from 332.09 to 400.96 cm−1 for both plasticizers based films (TEC and GLY, respectively), regardless of the day of analysis. All assays revealed plasticizer losses, but there was no evidence of films' biodegradation during the experimental time. In perspective, this systematic approach can be extended to study other polymers and other biodegradation conditions.

Synthesis, spectroscopic analysis and electrochemical studies of novel organic compound based on N-alkylphthalazinone chemistry as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1M HCl

The adsorption affinity and corrosion protection of two synthesized N-alkylphthalazinone derivatives 2(a-b), namely: 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-4-(p-tolyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one (a) and 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one (b) on carbon steel (CS) in an acidic environment using electrochemical and mass loss methods. The mass loss test at the highest inhibitor concentration produced a maximum corrosion efficiency of 93.4% for inhibitor (a). Thermodynamic parameters were determined while the inhibitors' adsorption process was investigated. The inhibitory molecules adsorption on the CS substrate accompanied the Langmuir isotherm. As a function of inhibitor concentration, the thermodynamic activation functions of the dissolution process were calculated. Surface examination such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to confirm the adsorption phenomenon. Also investigated were quantum chemical parameters to approve the donor-acceptor system of the synthesized N-alkylphthalazinone derivatives. The theoretical values are in good correlation with the experimental values.

Synthesis of N1, N2-bis [1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]oxalohydrazide and its corrosion inhibition effect on Stainless steel 304L in chloride media

N1, N2-bis [1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]oxalohydrazide inhibitor (NOL) were synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for stainless steel 304 L (SS304L) in one molar HCl. The adsorption properties of the synthesized NOL were determined by experimental and theoretical methods in an acid environment. With the aid of chemical methods such as mass loss method (ML), DC potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and AC impedance (EIS) tests. Outcome data obtained from these methods displayed that with increasing the concentration of these substances their inhibition efficiency (%IE) increased and reached 95.7 %. The presence of NOL reduces the capacity of the double layer and improves the charge transfer resistance in a solution of 1 M hydrochloric acid. NOL is a mixed-type inhibitor, conferring to the polarization curves. The attained data indicated that NOL was chemically adsorbed onto the SS304L surface in accordance with the Temkin isotherm. The surface protection examination was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and the formation of the complex on the surface was approved using Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Also, the quantum chemical parameters of NOL were computed and discussed. The results of several methods are in agreement with each other.

Nanostructured Iron Oxides: Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Adsorption Characteristics for Cleaning Industrial Effluents

Globally, efforts are being made to upgrade and improvise the current wastewater treatment technologies. Industrial wastewater is being generated exponentially, owing to the expansion in chemical industries and civilizations necessitating remediation to prevent further environmental damage and lower associated human risks. In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been developed and employed as an efficient nanocatalyst for heavy metal adsorption via the chemical route. The shape, absorbance optical, crystal phase, and magnetization of as-prepared magnetic nanostructures were characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible), HRTEM (High-resolution transmission electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy), and VSM. Further, the adsorption ability of iron oxide to remove the bulk metallic elements considering cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni), present in industrial effluents, were studied. The Maghemite Fe2O3 crystal phase having an R-3c group is observed in the XRD results. An identical shape of spherical nanostructures is determined using TEM including ≈21 nm for pure Fe2O3. A removal % was studied by using ICP-OES, and showed a Cr (61.2%), Cd (98%), Cu (66%), Ni (64%), Zn (97%), and Pb (98%) removal ability. The application of such monitored nanomaterials to effluent cleaning and sewage discharge emitted via labs and petrochemical industries could be expanded.

Synergistic effect of KI and urea on the corrosion protection of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4: Experimental and computational insights

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), gravimetric measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies have been used to examine the synergistic effect of KI on the corrosion inhibition efficacy of urea on mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution, the findings demonstrate that mild steel inhibition efficiencies improve with increasing inhibitor concentrations, and that synergistic improvements in inhibition efficiencies were seen upon adding potassium iodide, the urea and urea + KI adsorptions on the surfaces of the corroding metal follow the Langmuir isotherm as well as functions as a physisorption inhibitor, the adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface and subsequent protection from corrosion were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy investigations, the mechanism of the corrosion inhibition process and the interpretation of the experimental results at the atomic and molecular levels were also understood using density functional theory (DFT) calculation and Monte Carlo simulation.

Utilization of gelatin methacryloyl scaffolds in the regeneration of tooth and its supporting tissues

<p class="abstract">Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) due to its good biocompatibility, modifiable physical properties, and promotion of cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, serves as excellent scaffolds in tissue engineering and regeneration. These properties of GelMA make it a suitable choice for engineering of tooth and its supporting tissues. The complex spatial arrangement of the tooth along with the anisotropic nature of different tissues associated with it, make its regeneration challenging. Bioprinted GelMA scaffolds offer a great potential in mimicking the tooth architecture. In this study, GelMA scaffold was constructed by one pot method. The Fourier Transfer Infra red spectroscopy of GelMA confirmed the presence of amide bond at 1650 cm-1 (C=O stretching), 1550-1 (C-N stretching) and 1450-1. As evident from previous studies, the application of GelMA in whole tooth regeneration has not been studied exhaustively. However, GelMA has produced effective results in the regeneration of individual tooth components as well as the tooth germ. Therefore, this scaffold is proposed to be used in the whole tooth regeneration process because of its cytocompatiblity, cellular adhesion and tuneable mechanical properties.</p>

Functionalized Microbial Consortia with Silver-Doped Hydroxyapatite (Ag@HAp) Nanostructures for Removal of RO84 from Industrial Effluent

Considering that freshwater is a necessity for human life, sewage treatment has been a serious concern for an increasing number of scientists and academics in recent years. To clean industrial effluents, innovative catalysts with good adsorption, chemical stability, and physicochemical properties have been constructed. Here, a prospective microbial consortium was extracted from the wastewater and used as a low-cost catalyst that was functionalized with silver and silver-doped hydroxyapatite (Ag@HAp) nanostructures made using a sonochemical approach. The structural, optical, and crystal phases of Ag and Ag-doped hydroxyapatite (Ag@HAp) nanostructures were studied using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The degradation action of functionalized microbial consortia was examined against reactive orange 84 (RO84) organic discharge. Excellent efficiency for the removal of industrial effluents was found for the Ag NPs and Ag-doped hydroxyapatite (Ag@HAp) loaded with microbial consortia. A maximum of 95% of the decolorization properties of the RO84 dye were obtained in the case of microbial consortia with Ag and Ag@HAp, which was better than the consortia alone (80.32% for 5 ppm and 69.54% for 20 ppm). The consortia/Ag showed 93.34% for 5 ppm and 85.43% for 20 ppm, while was higher for consortia/Ag@HAp (95.34 and 88.43%). The use of these surface-modified nanocatalysts for wastewater treatment and waste effluents discharged from laboratories, the chemical industry, and other sources could be expanded.

Esterified cellulose nanocrystals for reinforced epoxy nanocomposites

The surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was successfully modified with methacryloyl chloride to create esterified CNCs (M/CNCs). The modification was confirmed by Fourier Transfer Infra-Red Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Zeta potential measurement. With increased surface hydrophobicity, this modified CNC material exhibited improved compatibility with organic network. When used as a filler to be incorporated into a model epoxy resin, TEM results indicated that M/CNCs particles dispersed well in the epoxy network. It was observed that the inclusion of the M/CNCs had an impact upon the heat flow for the curing of the epoxy nanocomposite, leading to an improvement in the storage modulus when tested via dynamic mechanical analysis.

Development, Characterization and Analysis of Azelnidipine Co-Crystals

Azelnidipine, an anti-hypertensive drug of dihydropyridine class, has low solubility and high permeability drug (class-2) and thus often shows dissolution rate-limited oral absorption and high variability in pharmacological effects. The purpose of study was to prepare co-crystals of AZL to enhance its solubility. Co-crystals were prepared by solvent evaporation method using different co-crystal formers. The prepared co-crystals were evaluated for solubility. The solid state property was characterized by microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was observed that the solubility of AZL co-crystals was significantly more than AZL. Co-crystal using succinic acid and saccharine gave maximum solubility. The microscopy, FTIR and DSC and studies of cocrystal confirmed the formation of co-crystals and indicated that new interactions were formed. In conclusion, co-crystals of AZL lead to the solubility enhancement and this can be further explored to study the impact of increased solubility on the bioavailability of AZL.

Defect induced emission of MgAl2O4 sintered at high temperature

MgAl2O4 (MAO) spinel has been considered as one of the excellent optoelectronic material due to its excellent mechanical strength and transparency in visible region to IR region. Many studies reported that MAO has F centers generated due to high temperature sintering which resulted in visible emission. The aim of present study is to explore MAO sintered at high temperature for white light emission. MAO was synthesized by sol-gel method sintered at 1400°C high temperature for 4hrs. Prepared MAO was characterized by various characterization techniques; Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). Peak at 674cm-1 in FTIR confirmed the formation of MAO. SEM Images showed the agglomeration of particles due to high temperature sintering Emission properties of MAO was studied by Florescence spectroscopy. MAO was excited by UV light. The emission spectra showed multicolor emission in visible region due to generation of F centers in the bandgap proving MAO as excellent material for white light emission.

Potential Biomedical implications of bioactive pigment and silver nanoparticles produced by the actinobacteria Rhodococcus sp. NCIM 5126

Actinobacteria are potential producers of pigments. The objective of the present study was to extract bioactive pigments from Rhodococcus sp. (NCIM 5126). The actinobacterium produced orange-colored pigment in a liquid medium. Extraction of the pigment was done using ethyl acetate in a rotary evaporator. The pigments produced were analyzed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, thin-layer chromatography and Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Thin-layer chromatography resulted in producing purified pigments with an Rf value of 0.813. The produced pigment was characterized by UV/Vis spectral studies with λmax at 210 nm. FTIR determines the presence of C-C conjugated double bond similar to carotenoid structure which mainly acts as a chromophore for light absorption. Effect of various parameters on production of pigment was carried out using OFAT for carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature and pH. The studies revealed that dextrose and peptone were the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The optimum temperature and pH were 30oC and 7.0 respectively. The extracted pigment possessed antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive (Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and also showed the antioxidant property. The current report also demonstrates the extracellular production of silver nanoparticles using actinobacterium. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectral analysis with peak observation at 302 nm which confirms the presence of silver nanoparticles. These silver nanoparticles also demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive (Bacillus cereus NCIM-5391) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli NCIM-5258) bacteria. The nanoparticles tested did not show any antioxidant properties. Further, synthesized silver nanoparticles showed cytotoxic activity as demonstrated by the MTT assay.

Isolation and identification of metronidazole resistance Helicobacter pylori from gastric patients in the southeastern region of India and its advanced antibacterial treatment using biological silver oxide nanoparticles

The present study aimed to identify the drug resistance Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and its advanced treatment using Digiria muricata (Dm) leaf mediated silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2ONPs). The synthesized Dm-Ag2ONPs were confirmed by UV–visible spectrometry, X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX). The fifty gastric biopsy samples were obtained from gastric patients in the Trichy SRM medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Central South-Eastern region of India, Trichy with Gastro endoscopy. H. pylori was identified by biopsy crush cytology, histopathology, rapid urease test, and biochemical tests. The resistance pattern was checked by the disk diffusion method. Among 50 biopsy samples, ten patients had positive results for culture, biochemical, and histopathology. The obtained strains showed 10% resistance to the metronidazole and 100% sensitivity toward amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Further, the metronidazole resistance strain was tested against Dm-Ag2ONPs using a well diffusion assay, which showed (25 μg/mL) 2.4 ± 0.4 and (100 μg/mL) 5.5 ± 0.5 mm antibacterial activity. Overall, the obtained results from the present investigation are promising enough to revels the effectiveness of Dm-Ag2ONPs to inhibit the metronidazole resistance H. pylori, this may help to develop a novel therapeutic drug against the drug resistance H. pylori infections.