Education Foundation Research Articles

Scope, Strengths and Limitations of EFL Vocabulary Research in Iraq: A Country in Focus

Examining previous research plays a crucial role in informing policy decisions, educational policies, and researchers about present conditions and future endeavours. While the landscape of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) vocabulary research in Iraq remains largely unexplored, this study undertakes a systematic review of existing research to delineate its scope, strengths, and limitations. An analysis of 24 studies meeting established criteria is categorized into four research strands: (1) vocabulary learning enhancement, (2) vocabulary learning strategies, (3) evaluation of vocabulary teaching techniques, and (4) vocabulary learning achievement. Each strand is examined for its characteristics, research designs, strengths, and limitations. Findings reveal that while research in the first strand meets sampling requirements, it often lacks educational foundations, fails to track actual usage, employs inadequate effectiveness measurements, exhibits questionable learning outcomes, faces uncontrollable variables, and raises concerns about applicability. Studies in the second strand primarily target university students, sometimes overlook sampling requirements, and neglect participants’ backgrounds and personal variables. Research in the third strand adequately recruits participants but focuses solely on pre-university education, with gaps in research design regarding treatment duration. Studies in the fourth strand exhibit shortcomings in achievement measurement methods. Recommendations and suggestions for future research, derived from this systematic review, aim to address identified gaps and enhance the quality of EFL vocabulary research in Iraq.

Meeting the need for effective and standardized neonatology training: a pan-European Master’s Curriculum

Neonatology is a pediatric sub-discipline focused on providing care for newborn infants, including healthy newborns, those born prematurely, and those who present with illnesses or malformations requiring medical care. The European Training Requirements (ETR) in Neonatology provide a framework for standardized quality and recognition of equality of training throughout Europe. The latest ETR version was approved by the Union of European Medical Specialists (UEMS) in April 2021. Here, we present the curriculum of the European School of Neonatology Master of Advanced Studies (ESN MAS), which is based on the ETR in Neonatology and aims to provide a model for effective and standardized training and education in neonatal medicine. We review the history and theory that form the foundation of contemporary medical education and training, provide a literature review on best practices for medical training, pediatric training, and neonatology training specifically, including educational frameworks and evidence-based systems of evaluation. The ESN MAS Curriculum is then evaluated in light of these best practices to define its role in meeting the need for a standardized empirically supported neonatology training curriculum for physicians, and in the future for nurses, to improve the quality of neonatal care for all infants.Impact statementA review of the neonatology training literature was conducted, which concluded that there is a need for standardized neonatology training across international contexts to keep pace with growth in the field and rapidly advancing technology. This article presents the European School of Neonatology Master of Advanced Studies in Neonatology, which is intended to provide a standardized training curriculum for pediatricians and nurses seeking sub-specialization in neonatology. The curriculum is evaluated in light of best practices in medical education, neonatology training, and adult learning theory.

Academic Supervivencia and Sesi Irekani: Refusing, Reimagining, and Rearticulating Decolonization in the Social Foundations of Education

The American Educational Studies Association (AESA) was established in 1968 in a context of both local and global social justice movements. The AESA’s mission and ongoing commitment to the analysis of education and society with underlying liberal activist aims has been ongoing since. Although AESA and its membership have been critiqued and questioned for their larger impact in the field, especially in its disconnect between university academics and pk-12 teachers, the original charge and purpose has largely remained. This address seeks to put a spotlight on the foundations of the social foundations of education and by extension AESA by using settler colonial and structural racism frames to examine the enduring problematics of how academia and academic enterprises are, as Quechua scholar Sandy Grande would say, “an arm of the settler state” (p. 47). Namely, I ask, how does AESA and the field of social foundations of education advance settler futurity? However, most importantly, I will also engage, how can AESA, the field and its membership engage in anti-colonial and anti-racist self-reflection and work toward decolonizing the organization and the work that we do as faculty members in this field? To engage in this process of reflexive praxis, I will use Grande’s concept of academic survivance, which includes operating beyond the boundaries set up for us by the institution and toward “an active presence in society and the academy” (p. 12). I slightly modify survivance with Chicana feminist scholar, Ruth Trinidad-Galvan’s concept of supervivencia, which also emphasizes beyond mere survival but from the perspective of Mexican campesinas “left behind” in a context of neoliberal extractivist dislocation. Finally, I draw from my P’urhépecha community ancestry a concept also common throughout many Indigenous communities, Sesi Irekani, el buen vivir, or “the good life.” I will argue that by centering a reflexive praxis based on these saberes-haceres we can refuse, reimagine, and rearticulate a relational comunalidad that unsettles the settler within and recon/figures an alter/Native charge and decolonial practice.

Queer representation in children’s books beyond two moms or two dads

PurposeThis article aims to help educators provide a holistic view of the LGBTQ community by highlighting children’s books that include non-parental LGBTQ characters.Design/methodology/approachThe author selected over 80 children’s books honored by the American Library Association’s Rainbow Book List. Twenty-two books were analyzed that contain examples of LGBTQ adults existing beyond the homonormative nuclear family, e.g. two same-sex parents raising children.FindingsThe author discusses various ways of living represented in these books, such as chosen families, extended families, romantic partnerships and singlehood.Originality/valueWith the increased number of high-quality LGBTQ-inclusive children’s books published in the past decade, this study provides the foundation for educators to select various texts that reveal diverse representations of LGBTQ individuals.

Abstract 2148: Lung Capillary Endothelium To Arterial Endothelium Transition In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling that result in right heart hypertrophy, failure, and premature death. The underlying mechanisms of loss of distal capillary endothelial cells (ECs) and obliterative vascular lesion formation remain unclear. Method and Results: Our recent single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics analysis, RNASCOPE, and immunostaining analysis showed that arterial ECs accumulation and loss of capillary ECs were evident in human PAH patients and pulmonary hypertension (PH) rodents. Pseudotime trajectory analysis of the single-cell RNA sequencing data suggests that lung capillary ECs transit to arterial ECs during the development of PH. Our study also identified CXCL12 as the marker for distal arterial ECs in PH. General capillary EC lineage tracing approach using Plvap-DreERT2; Tdtomato mice demonstrated that general capillary ECs gave rise to arterial ECs during PH development. Genetic deletion of HIF-2a or Notch4 neutralized antibodies normalized the arterial programming in PH. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study demonstrates that general capillary endothelium transits to arterial endothelium through the HIF-2a-Notch4 pathway during the development of PAH. Thus, targeting arterial EC transition might be a novel approach for treating PAH patients. Acknowledgment: This work was supported in part by NIH grants R00HL138278, R01HL158596, R01HL62794, R01HL169509, R01HL170096, AHA Career Development Award 20CDA35310084, The Cardiovascular Research and Education Foundation, Arizona Biomedical Research Centre funding (RFGA2022-01-06), and University of Arizona institution funding to Z.D.

Lung capillary endothelium to arterial endothelium transition in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling that result in right heart hypertrophy, failure, and premature death. The underlying mechanisms of loss of distal capillary endothelial cells (ECs) and obliterative vascular lesion formation remain unclear. Our recent single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics analysis, RNASCOPE, and immunostaining analysis showed that arterial ECs accumulation and loss of capillary ECs were evident in human PAH patients and pulmonary hypertension (PH) rodents. Pseudotime trajectory analysis of the single-cell RNA sequencing data suggest that lung capillary ECs transit to arterial ECs during the development of PH. Our study also identified CXCL12 as the marker for arterial ECs in PH. General capillary EC lineage tracing approach using Plvap-DreERT2;Tdtomato mice demonstrated that general capillary ECs gave rise to arterial ECs during PH development. Genetic deletion of HIF-2a or pharmacological inhibition of Notch4 normalized the arterial programming in PH. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that general capillary endothelium transits to arterial endothelium through the HIF-2a-Notch4 pathway during the development of PAH. Thus, targeting arterial EC transition might be a novel approach for treating PAH patients. This work was supported in part by NIH grant R00HL138278, R01HL158596, R01HL62794, R01HL169509, R01HL170096, AHA Career Development Award 20CDA35310084, The Cardiovascular Research and Education Foundation, Arizona Biomedical Research Centre funding (RFGA2022-01-06), and University of Arizona institution funding to Z.D. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Federal and foundational research funding trends for cerebrovascular neurosurgeons: the decline of the cerebrovascular surgeon-scientist?

The number of cerebrovascular (CV) surgeons has grown with the rise of endovascular neurosurgery. However, it is unclear whether the number of CV surgeon-scientists has concomitantly increased. With increasing numbers of CV neurosurgeons in the US workforce, the authors analyzed associated changes in National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation (NREF) funding trends for CV surgeons over time. Publicly available data were collected on currently practicing academic CV surgeons in the US. Inflation-adjusted NIH funding between 2009 and 2021 was surveyed using NIH RePORTER and Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research data. The K12 Neurosurgeon Research Career Development Program and NREF grant data were queried for CV-focused grants. Pearson R correlation, chi-square analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis. From 2009 to 2021, NIH funding increased: in total (p = 0.0318), to neurosurgeons (p < 0.0001), to CV research projects (p < 0.0001), and to CV surgeons (p = 0.0018). During this time period, there has been an increase in the total number of CV surgeons (p < 0.0001), the number of NIH-funded CV surgeons (p = 0.0034), and the percentage of CV surgeons with NIH funding (p = 0.370). Additionally, active NIH grant dollars per CV surgeon (p = 0.0398) and the number of NIH grants per CV surgeon (p = 0.4257) have increased. Nevertheless, CV surgeons have been awarded a decreasing proportion of the overall pool of neurosurgeon-awarded NIH grants during this time period (p = 0.3095). In addition, there has been a significant decrease in the number of K08, K12, and K23 career development awards granted to CV surgeons during this time period (p = 0.0024). There was also a significant decline in the proportion of K12 (p = 0.0044) and downtrend in early-career NREF (p = 0.8978) grant applications and grants awarded during this time period. Finally, NIH-funded CV surgeons were more likely to have completed residency less recently (p = 0.001) and less likely to have completed an endovascular fellowship (p = 0.044) as compared with non-NIH-funded CV surgeons. The number of CV surgeons is increasing over time. While there has been a concomitant increase in the number of NIH-funded CV surgeons and the number of NIH grants awarded per CV surgeon in the past 12 years, there has also been a significant decrease in CV surgeons with K08, K12, and K23 career development awards and a downtrend in CV-focused K12 and early-career NREF applications and awarded grants. The latter findings suggest that the pipeline for future NIH-funded CV surgeons may be in decline.

TECHNOLOGY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING OF PHILOLOGY MASTERS

TECHNOLOGY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING OF PHILOLOGY MASTERS

Evaluation and students’ perception of a health equity education program in physical therapy: a mixed methods pilot study

BackgroundHealth equity is a common theme discussed in health professions education, yet only some researchers have addressed it in entry-level education.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to serve as an educational intervention pilot to 1) evaluate students’ perception of the effectiveness of the DPT program in providing a foundation for health equity education, with or without the benefit of a supplemental resource and 2) establishing priorities for the program related to educating students on health inequities in physical therapy clinical practice.A mixed method design with a focus-group interview was utilized to explore students’ perceptions of the DPT program's commitment to advancing health equity.MethodsA three-staged sequential mixed methods study was conducted. Stage 1 began with quantitative data collection after completing the DEI Bundle utilizing the Tripod DEI survey. Stage 2 involved identifying themes from the Tripod Survey data and creating semi-structured interview questions. Stage 3 consisted of a focus group interview process.ResultsA total of 78 students completed the Tripod DEI survey upon completing 70% of the curriculum. Thirty-five students, eight core faculty, 13 associated faculty, and four clinical instructors completed the APTA DEI Bundle Course Series. According to the Tripod DEI Survey results, program stakeholders found the program’s commitment to DEI and overall climate to be inclusive, fair, caring, safe, welcoming, and understanding of individuals from different backgrounds, including a sense of student belonging where students feel valued and respected. Three themes emerged from the qualitative focus group interviews, including the value of inclusivity, health equity curricular foundations, and DEI in entry-level DPT education.ConclusionsThis study highlights the value of incorporating health equity and DEI topics into curricula while fostering an incluse program culture.

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE COORDINATES OF THE UNITY OF SOCIAL, STATE AND EUROPEAN VALUES

The article reveals the theoretical and methodological foundations of vocational education of future specialists in the context of combining public and state (national) and European values. The factors that influence the effectiveness of professional education of future specialists are determined. It is argued that professional and value-based education is a consistent, dialectical movement of applicants for professional, vocational higher and higher education towards the goal voluntarily accepted by them, and the result of this movement is the acquisition by the future specialist of a system of national and European values and ideals, the expansion of his spiritual needs and interests, socially valuable motives, enrichment of the emotional sphere, moral and aesthetic feelings, the ability to empathize, mastering applied professional skills, habits, experience, self-reflection. The system of public and state (national) values is distinguished: unity, dignity, identity, freedom and European values, of which there are more than fifteen according to the documents of the European Union, among which the fundamental ones are: freedom, responsibility, democracy, law, etc. The article substantiates the content, forms and innovative methods of educating future specialists in social, state and European values.

Relationship between Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom, Blended Learning and Task-oriented Teaching Methods on Academic Achievement among Vocational College Students in an OBE IT system environment

This research explores the effectiveness of flipped classrooms, blended learning, and task-oriented teaching methods within an Outcome-Based Education (OBE) framework in vocational IT education. The study aims to determine how these innovative teaching methodologies enhance learning outcomes, improve student engagement, and better prepare students for industry demands. By integrating digital platforms with traditional classroom instruction, the flipped classroom model enables pre-class preparation through online materials, allowing for more interactive and application-focused sessions in class. Blended learning supports this by providing a mix of online and face-to-face interactions, offering flexibility and catering to diverse learning preferences. Task-oriented teaching aligns educational activities with real-world tasks, enhancing practical skills crucial for the IT sector. Comparative analysis with traditional educational practices shows that these modern methods significantly increase student participation and knowledge retention, promoting deeper understanding and greater application of IT skills. The study suggests that integrating these methods within an OBE framework not only meets educational objectives more effectively but also aligns with industry requirements, thus enhancing vocational education's responsiveness to labor market needs. Future research is recommended to explore long-term impacts, cross-disciplinary applications, and the integration of emerging technologies. This study serves as a foundation for policymakers and educators aiming to revamp curricular designs and teaching strategies in vocational education to improve educational outcomes and job readiness.

Developing a Curriculum for Non-Native Speakers of Arabic: Employing Thuaimah's Model as a Prototype

Developing a Curriculum for Non-Native Speakers of Arabic: Employing Thuaimah's Model as a Prototype

Peranan Willem Iskandar (Sati Nasution) dalam Perkembangan Pendidikan di Sumatera Utara

This research discusses the role of Willem Iskandar (Sati Nasution) in the development of education in North Sumatra in the 19th century. Willem Iskandar is known as a visionary educator who founded Kweekschool Tano Bato, the first educational institution for teachers in Mandailing in 1862. With the support of the Dutch authorities and the local community, he played a crucial role in establishing a strong educational foundation in the region. Besides being an educator, Willem Iskandar was also active as a translator, bringing Western literature to the Mandailing community through translations of important works and original writings in Mandailing and Malay languages. His intellectual legacy not only enriched the intellectual life of the Mandailing community at that time but also demonstrated his significant role in the history of education in North Sumatra. This study employs historical approaches and literary analysis to explain the impact of his contributions to the development of education and literacy in the region. Thus, this research provides a comprehensive overview of Willem Iskandar's role in advancing education in North Sumatra in the 19th century.

Review Of Law Violations Against Lecturers Who Are Professionally As Notaries And Advocates

Severak University, particularly graduate schools or colleges that have regulation resources or postgraduate projects; There are a large number in the legitimate field, for example, Legal officials, Supporters, Judges, and lawful callings or other legitimate professionals who are thought of as logically qualified and have a bringing in the scholarly field, becoming speakers or showing staff at graduate schools or regulation resources or projects. postgraduate. Completing double callings as a Supporter and furthermore as a teacher or showing staff some of the time leads to questions in regards to whether the double situation as a speaker or showing staff might be done and on the other hand whether the teacher may likewise act as a Promoter. This uncertainty can possibly bring about occasions that occasionally lead to states of legitimate vulnerability. In this exploration, the creator utilizes regularizing examination or library research techniques. Lawful examination completed by inspecting library materials or auxiliary information can be called regularizing legitimate exploration or library research. The examination results demonstrate the way that promoters can become teachers who are non-government workers. This likewise applies to the Public accountant calling who can become teachers, however for the legal official calling, in completing their calling, they are disallowed from filling in as heads of advanced education foundations or standing firm on underlying footings in advanced education establishments. The lawful ramifications for Public accountants who stand firm on simultaneous footings as heads of Advanced education Establishments with the presence of genuine legitimate guidelines, then, at that point, the activity and execution of authorizations against Legal officials who abuse the Public accountant's governing set of principles are forced with the sort and level of approvals for Disregarding Public accountants as: composed advance notice sanctions, impermanent suspension, transitory excusal , brief stop. with deference, to end without regard.

Theoretical and methodological foundations of humanisation education in universities (on the example of teaching chemistry)

Relevance. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that education cannot be limited only to mastering knowledge and professional skills in the chosen field and narrow specialisation. The existing foundations of graduate training aimed at deepening practice in one professional field are not enough. In such conditions, education should ensure that the students receive knowledge and skills that will give them a sense of satisfaction with learning. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to consider the theoretical and methodological foundations of humanisation education in higher educational institutions on the example of teaching chemistry. Methodology. The methodological framework encompassed several approaches to exploring this subject, including didactic, humanistic, general pedagogical, and pedagogical experiment methodologies. Results. The study on the theoretical and methodological foundations of humanisation education in universities, focusing on teaching chemistry, identified key outcomes. Firstly, the adoption of student-centric teaching methods, facilitated by the transition of teachers into organisers of the educational process, has enhanced student engagement and independent learning. Secondly, the expansion of educational content to include interdisciplinary perspectives alongside specialised subjects has provided students with a more comprehensive understanding of chemistry in real-world contexts. Lastly, the shift in attitudes and relationships between faculty and students has fostered a more supportive and collaborative learning environment. Conclusions. In conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of humanisation in higher education, particularly in the field of teaching chemistry. By prioritising student engagement, interdisciplinary learning, and supportive relationships, universities can create a more enriching educational experience. However, the implementation of humanisation strategies may encounter challenges, including the need for faculty adaptation and resource allocation. Nevertheless, the practical significance of these strategies in enhancing the quality of education in universities cannot be overstated, highlighting the importance of their effective implementation and continued exploration. Keywords: humanisation; universities; theoretical and methodological foundations; teaching chemistry; students; educational technologies

An Evaluation of the Innovative Funding Models on Effective Administration of Secondary Schools in Imo State, Nigeria

There is room for innovations at every given point in time including in the financial management of educational institutions. Innovative funding models are contemporary funding models explored and used in effective and efficient financial maintenance of an institution. This institution can be educational, financial, religious, business, and so on. This study examined the influence of innovative funding models on administration of secondary schools in Imo State. Two research questions guided the study while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 297 principals which comprised 83 males and 214 females. There was no sampling procedure because the population was manageable. The questionnaire used for data collection was a 15-item structured titled “Innovative Funding Models on Effective Administration of Secondary Schools Questionnaire (IFMEASSQ)”. The questionnaire was validated by three research experts, two experts in Educational Management from the Department of Social Science Education and one expert in Measurement and Evaluation unit of Department of Educational Foundations, all from Faculty of Education, Imo State University (IMSU), Owerri. Cronbach Alpha statistic was used to compute the internal consistency of the instrument which yielded .83 and .81 for clusters 1 and 2 with an overall reliability index of .82 which indicates that the instrument was reliable. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested with t-test statistic. The findings of the study showed that community involvement and corporate sponsorships influence the administration of secondary education in Imo State to a great extent. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Imo State government should create attractive policies that would enhance massive participations of individuals and corporate bodies in the funding administration of secondary schools.

“LEARNING TO LEARN” IN PROFESSIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION

In recent years, the modality of Professional Education has grown considerably in Brazil, driven primarily by economic development and the consequent need for qualified workers to meet the demands of the labor market. This work aims to discuss and argue about the importance of teacher training in Professional Education, as well as the relationship between the labor market and the way in which such teacher training occurs. A predominant characteristic in the profile of teachers in this educational modality is the realization of the lack of pedagogical foundations in their initial training, which, by nature, is technical and pragmatic. It is understood that the lack of pedagogical knowledge is a crucial factor in the quality of education, particularly in Professional Education. Thus, this text seeks to relate the need for qualified teacher training in contrast to the emphasis on a rushed and superficial training evident in this educational modality, which primarily serves the interests of employers.

The Role of Language Teaching in Promoting Educational Quality in Early Childhood Education

Background and purpose: China is among the countries putting great emphasis on strengthening early education programs to ensure a solid learning foundation for children. The present study is based on a qualitative research design to examine the role of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching in promoting educational quality in the context of early childhood education in China. It focuses on investigating the effectiveness of EFL teaching in enhancing the educational quality of early childhood education in the education system of China. Method: The semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess the parents’ perception regarding the impact of EFL programs on the quality of education being offered in early childhood centres in China. The sample for the survey was selected from the parents of children enrolled in early childhood education centres in China offering EFL teaching as a part of their curricula. The data collection focused on the student’s cognitive development and overall quality of education. Findings: Most of the participants emphasized the significant impact of early EFL education on their children’s cognitive skills. They regarded EFL education as a robust tool to lay a strong foundation for future academic achievements and cross-cultural understanding of their children. Conclusion and Implications: Thus, parents in China regard early EFL education as crucial for the cognitive development and educational foundation of their children. The present study offers significant pedagogical implications regarding the inclusion of EFL instructions in enhancing the early language acquisition experience of children.

Активная историческая память в рамках патриотического воспитания студенческой молодежи

The author of the article notes the relevance of the process of educating young people in modern higher education. In conditions of information oversaturation, student youth do not always correctly perceive the events of historical history. The author of the article defines active historical memory as the foundation of patriotic education. In connection with the announcement of the year 2024 - the year of the family, the article analyzes the importance of family values, family traditions for young people. The goal presented in the article, the patriotic project “I bow to women’s hands to the ground” was achieved thanks to the unity of memory of family traditions and memory of the history of the hometown.

TEACHING PIANO USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN A MODERN UNIVERSITY

This study represents an analysis of the modern educational process in the field of development of piano performance skills in higher educational institutions. The author characterises the foundations of music education, as well as the role of modern information technologies, which have become widespread in this area. The article also provides factors that negatively affect the development of this aspect of music education, among which special attention is paid to the low level of competence and the use of digital devices. The author considers special software that can increase the effectiveness of learning to play the piano. As a result, it was found that due to the widespread use of information technologies, there is a need to integrate them into the educational process, as well as to adjust the piano teaching methods. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to increase the level of competence of the teaching staff, improve teaching methods, as well as the education system as a whole, which should reflect modern global trends.