Foundation Research Program Research Articles

Dynamic stabilization of the Rayleigh-Bénard instability in a cubic cavity

The dynamic stability of the Rayleigh-Bénard instability with vertical vibration in a cubic container is computationally modeled. Two periodic parametric drives are considered (sinusoidal and rectangular), as well as two thermal boundary conditions on the sidewalls (insulating and conducting). The linearized equations are solved using a spectral Galerkin method and Floquet analysis. Floquet analysis recovers both the synchronous and the subharmonic regions of instability. The conditions necessary for dynamic stability are reported for Rayleigh numbers from critical to 107 and for Prandtl numbers in the range of 0.1-7.0, and the approach produces maps over a wide range of Rayleigh number and vibration parameters for stability. The linear model is compared to data set available in the literature [G. W. Swift and S. Backhaus J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 2273 (2009)] where the performance of system simulating an inverted pulse tube cryocooler is measured. The relevant instability for this case is the synchronous instability. Over this limited data set, the model appears to bound the empirically observed conditions for stability, but in some cases the model would seem to predict significantly higher required periodic acceleration amplitudes that appear to have been observed by Swift. Comparison with another data set is on-going. [Research supported by the Office of Naval Research and ARL Exploratory and Foundational Research Program.]

Computational model for the dynamic stabilization of the Rayleigh-Bénard instability in rectangular enclosures

When fluid within a container is heated from the bottom, onset of convection occurs when Rayleigh number, gβΔTℓ3νχ, exceeds some critical value. If an acoustic field is imposed on the fluid in the container, the critical Rayleigh number is a strong function of the frequency and amplitude of that acoustic field as noted by Swift and Backhaus [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126(5), 2009]. Results will be reported for a linear model constructed to predict the modified critical Rayleigh number, based on a full field solution of the hydrodynamic equations using the approach of Gelfgat [J. Comp. Phys. 156, 1999]. The spatial portion of the differential equations was solved using the Galerkin method, and the dynamic stability was determined using Floquet analysis. One of the benefits of the approach compared to the averaging methods used by Gershuni and Lyubimov, [Thermal Vibration Convection (Wiley, New York, 1998)] is that the parametric stability boundary can also be recovered. This study includes a variety of container aspect ratios, boundary conditions, and Rayleigh numbers ranging from 103 to 108. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research and ARL Exploratory and Foundational Research Program.]

Abstract B8: Research on HIV/AIDS-related cancers among racial/ethnic minority and underserved persons in the United States

Abstract Purpose: To develop a community based participatory research (CBPR) program that establishes an effective way to engage Africans in Zambia and underserved Alabama Black Belt communities in HIV awareness, stigma reduction, voluntary HIV testing and engagement in care, active and appropriate prevention and early detection of HIV-related malignancies, and proper treatment, when necessary. Background: The Deep South Network for Cancer Control has trained over 800 community health advisors (CHAs) that have functioned to increase cancer awareness in their communities, leading to considerable improvement in breast and cervical cancer screening in the targeted communities. The UAB Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ) has reached over 500,000 women for preventing mother-to-child transmission and has enrolled over 200,000 HIV patients into care. They screen over 1,000 women per month for cervical cancer. A major common issue in both programs is the stigma associated with HIV. This leads to unwillingness to be screened, continuous transmission of disease, and subsequent development of HIV-related malignancies. Methodology: Bring the two communities together to learn from each other in order to develop an appropriate community based participatory research strategy to overcome the major issues. This would be accomplished by: (1) establishing an organizational infrastructure to form a foundational research program (2) conducting onsite meetings in the United States and Zambia to experience the unique attributes of each country (3) conducting a needs assessment to evaluate infrastructure addressing HIV testing and HIV-related cancer prevention, early detection and/or treatment at three levels: community, investigators and institution (4) developing a CBPR plan to insure underserved minorities in the Alabama Black Belt and Zambia receive appropriate HIV testing and HIV-related cancer prevention, early detection, and/or treatment. Results: There were many lessons learned in Lusaka and in Alabama: 1) Peer educators play a vital role in outreach and support. Peer educators who are a part of the program, must be involved in support groups as well. 2) Peer educators have more impact when they are trained individuals. 3) Community ownership is important; have to find the passion in the community and have the ownership working from the inside out. 4) Education offered in the work place yields positive results. 5) Mass media dissemination has a great influence on the message being carried. 6) Targeted campaigns have proven beneficial. 7) Health fairs are widely received. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B8.

Phase II study to determine surgical conversion rate in patients receiving neoadjuvant mFOLFOX7 plus cetuximab for unresectable wild-type KRAS colorectal cancer with metastases confined to liver.

Article Tools Trials in Progress Poster Session Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.tps190 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print May 20, 2010 Phase II study to determine surgical conversion rate in patients receiving neoadjuvant mFOLFOX7 plus cetuximab for unresectable wild-type KRAS colorectal cancer with metastases confined to liver. S. A. JacobsxS. A. JacobsSearch for articles by this author , C. J. AllegraxC. J. AllegraSearch for articles by this author , L. D. WagmanxL. D. WagmanSearch for articles by this author , D. A. GellerxD. A. GellerSearch for articles by this author , M. J. O'ConnellxM. J. O'ConnellSearch for articles by this author , M. E. BuysexM. E. BuyseSearch for articles by this author , N. WolmarkxN. WolmarkSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, St. Joseph's Hospital of Orange, Orange, CA; University of Pittsburgh Liver Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, Pittsburgh, PA; IDDI, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project and Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.tps190 Abstract Abstract TPS190 Background: Resection of colorectal cancer hepatic metastases can provide long-term survival for 20-40% of patients (pts) without extrahepatic disease who undergo complete ("curative") surgical resection of liver tumors. Cytotoxic chemotherapy given to patients with liver-only metastatic colorectal cancer has been shown to convert some pts whose liver tumors were considered unresectable to resectable with improvement in long-term survival for pts undergoing potentially curative resection (Pozzo et al. Ann Oncol 15:933.2004). KRAS status has been shown to predict for benefit from EGFR inhibitors. Escalation of cetuximab (EVEREST trial) demonstrated that tumor response rates can be enhanced from 13% to 30% with escalation of cetuximab dose (Tejpar et al JCO 25(18s) abst 4037, 2007). The primary goal of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with targeted therapy for unresectable, liver-only metastatic colorectal cancer is to produce enough tumor shrinkage to allow a curative metastasectomy. A secondary goal of chemotherapy is to destroy systemic or hepatic micrometastases. Methods: This NSABP Foundation Research Program study (FC-6) is designed as a phase II, two-stage, multicenter clinical trial for patients with unresectable, wild-type KRAS, colorectal cancer with metastases confined to liver. Sixty pts from approximately 20 centers with expertise in liver resection will be enrolled. Enrollment will begin Spring 2010. All pts will receive treatment every 2 weeks during each 8-week cycle for a maximum of 3 cycles. Starting doses are: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV; leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV; 5-FU 3,000 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion over 46 hours; and cetuximab 500 mg/m2 IV (cetuximab dose will be escalated by 100 mg/m2 every 2 weeks to maximum dose of 800 mg/m2). The primary endpoint is to determine the percentage of pts who had a potentially curative liver metastasectomy as defined as completely resected and/or ablated malignant disease (R0 resection). The ultimate goal is to improve the possibility of cure for pts with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer confined to the liver by increasing the surgical conversion rate. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration IDDI Roche, sanofi-aventis IDDI ImClone Systems © 2010 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

Dynamic stabilization of the ultradamped inverted pendulum.

The dynamic behavior of the damped inverted pendulum is analogous to the modes of fluid systems with nonzero viscosity where a denser fluid is situated above a lighter fluid (e.g., the Rayleigh–Taylor instability). Thermoacoustic devices have such configurations whenever a hot heat exchanger is situated below a cold heat exchanger. It has been shown that such systems can be stabilized by effectively modulating gravity and can be described by a damped Hill equation. A numerical solver was developed that uses a stroboscopic technique to determine whether solutions are stable (bounded) or unstable (unbounded). While it is sometimes assumed that the stability boundaries of undamped systems bound the damped cases, for large values of damping (Q < 0.05, where Q is the quality factor), the numerical solution predicts that damping can destabilize the system for certain regions of the parameter space. Results of an experiment performed by the authors using a physical pendulum and eddy current damping to verify this rather counterintuitive result are described. [Research supported by the Office of Naval Research and ARL Exploratory and Foundational Research Program.]

Directivity and spectral characteristics of aircraft noise during landing operations

Recordings of aircraft landing operations have been analyzed to obtain directivity and spectral characteristics of the noise emitted during these operations. The recordings were made with a widely spaced microphone array positioned near and parallel to the 19R runway at Washington‐Dulles International Airport. In addition, the landings were recorded with a video camera to obtain positional data of the aircraft. Given an aircraft’s position and velocity along the runway, the signal at each microphone is corrected for retarded time, spherical spreading, and Doppler shift. The corrected signals are combined to establish a directivity pattern, and third‐octave analysis is performed to obtain spectral characteristics. The results of this analysis are intended to be used as input to airport noise modeling software such as the Integrated Noise Model (INM), which currently models landing noise using forward‐thrust input data. The current analysis should provide more realistic directivity and spectra for the reverse‐thrust condition. [Work supported by the Federal Aviation Administration and the Applied Research Laboratory Exploratory and Foundational Research Program.]

Medical prizes: Lifetime achievement awards or engines for progress?

Annals of NeurologyVolume 61, Issue 5 p. A11-A12 Message from the EditorFree Access Medical prizes: Lifetime achievement awards or engines for progress? S. Claiborne Johnston MD, PhD, S. Claiborne Johnston MD, PhD EditorSearch for more papers by this authorStephen L. Hauser MD, Stephen L. Hauser MD EditorSearch for more papers by this author S. Claiborne Johnston MD, PhD, S. Claiborne Johnston MD, PhD EditorSearch for more papers by this authorStephen L. Hauser MD, Stephen L. Hauser MD EditorSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 April 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21159Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Norrby E, Prusiner SB. Polio and Nobel Prizes: Looking back 50 years. Ann Neurol 2007; 61: 385– 39514. 2 Leerberg M. Incentivizing prizes: how foundations can utilize prizes to generate solutions to the most intractable social problems. Working paper. Duke University Foundation Research Program. Citing Literature Volume61, Issue5May 2007Pages A11-A12 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Pemetrexed/Oxaliplatin for First-Line Treatment of Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Phase II Trial of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Foundation Research Program

Pemetrexed and oxaliplatin have clinical activity as single agents in colorectal cancer (response rates, 10%-17%). In this study, these drugs were used in combination as first-line therapy in a group of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Fifty-four evaluable patients were to receive pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation and oxaliplatin (120 mg/m2) every 21 days for 6 cycles or until disease progression occurred. Patients with stable or responding disease could continue therapy beyond 6 cycles at the discretion of the investigator. Eligibility criteria included a diagnosis of untreated metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, measurable disease, Zubrod performance status <or=2, no adjuvant chemotherapy within 6 months, and >or=12 weeks life expectancy. The confirmed clinical response rate (primary endpoint) was 29.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%-48.6%), with 1 complete response and 15 partial responses. Median time to progression was 5.3 months (95% CI, 3.9-6.3 months), and median survival was 12.3 months (95% CI, 8.6-17 months). Grade 3/4 nadir neutropenia occurred in 33.3% of patients, and 3 patients experienced grade 3 febrile neutropenia or infection associated with grade 3/4 neutropenia. Grade 3/4 nadir thrombocytopenia was seen in 11.1% of patients. Only 4% of the patients developed grade 3/4 neurotoxicity. This regimen of pemetrexed and oxaliplatin has activity in advanced colorectal cancer, and the toxicity profile suggests that escalation of the dose of pemetrexed in this combination may be possible.

Ramazzini Foundation Cancer Program

The Ramazzini Foundation research program was started over thirty years ago. The features of this program are: (1) systematic and integrated project design; (2) consistency over time; (3) homogeneity of approach: key members of the team remain unchanged; and (4) choice to work on new frontiers of scientific research. The program centers mainly on three projects: Project 1: experimental carcinogenicity bioassays; Project 2: experimental anticarcinogenesis assays to identify factors and active principles (compounds) capable of opposing the onset of tumors while being suitable for preventive/chemopreventive intervention; Project 3: epidemiological studies, both descriptive and analytical, on tumor incidence and mortality in persons professionally and environmentally exposed to industrial carcinogenic risks. The project involving experimental carcinogenicity bioassays for the identification of exogenous carcinogens (environmental and industrial above all) began in 1966. This project has included 398 experimental bioassays on 200 compounds/agents using some 148,000 animals monitored until their spontaneous death. Among the studies already concluded, 47 agents have shown "clear evidence" of carcinogenicity. The results have demonstrated for the first time that (1) vinyl chloride can cause liver angiosarcoma as well as other tumors; (2) benzene is carcinogenic in experimental animals for various tissues and organs; (3) formaldehyde may produce lymphomas and leukemias; and (4) methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), the most common oxygenated additive used in gasolines, can cause lymphomas/leukemias. Many of the results achieved have led to the introduction of norms and measures of primary prevention.

Greens function modified spherical harmonic analysis

In an effort to develop a model for impulse responses in reverberant spaces, techniques for source radiation modeling were explored. One method of decomposing a source field involves an analysis based on spherical harmonic expansions of the field. Spherical harmonic decomposition is a powerful tool, but it is a mathematical approach which is completely independent of the type of source that creates the field. As a consequence, this technique cannot, in general, be used to gain insight into the underlying physical nature of the source. Moreover, because this is a brute force technique, the analysis can be extremely inefficient. In this presentation, modifications to the spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis equations are made to overcome these problems. These are based on the (theoretical) source types associated with the individual spherical harmonic expansion coefficients, and determination of the location of the primary components of the (physical) source. These modifications can greatly improve the computational efficiency and allow the source to be described by a set of coefficients which is more directly related to actual source types present. Illustrative examples will be shown. [Work supported by the Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State University under the Educational and Foundational Research Program.]

The National Heart Foundation's research program

The National Heart Foundation of Australia has been supporting cardiovascular research for more than 40 years. It has funded grants-in-aid to a wide range of researchers involved in basic, clinical and public health aspects of cardiovascular disease. It has also provided salary support for a large number of scholarships and fellowships. In addition, it has initiated and conducted projects of its own in the areas of epidemiology and public health research and, in partnership with industrial sponsors, has conducted large-scale clinical trials.[a/b]

European Science Foundation extends major lithospheric study effort

EUROPROBE, the major European lithosphere initiative of the 1990s, will continue as a European Science Foundation (ESF) research program until 2001. This was decided at the last ESF General Assembly in November 1997. EUROPROBE was conceived as a Regional Coordinating Committee of the International Lithosphere Program (ILP) in 1984 and was accepted as an ESF program in 1992. Since then, EUROPROBE has grown steadily into its present role as a main vehicle of European research into the continental lithosphere, its structure, and evolution [Gee and Zeyen, 1996]. Today, nearly 1000 scientists from western, central, and eastern Europe and a few from the United States are participating actively in EUROPROBE projects.

Multinetwork Management: Collaboration and the Hollow State in Local Economic Policy

Multinetwork Management: Collaboration and the Hollow State in Local Economic Policy

“Great problems of the Earth” Discussed at Symposium

The second open symposium for the new National Science Foundation (NSF) research program, Cooperative Studies of the Earth's Deep Interior (CSEDI), was held at the Inn at Loretto in Santa Fe, N. Mex., from October 22–23,1993. The symposium, attended by more than 130 Earth scientists, was organized by Thome Lay, of the U.S. Studies of the Earth's Deep Interior (SEDI) Coordinating Committee, and Chick Keller, with the assistance of Shirley Roybal.The symposium began with an overview of the CSEDI initiative (see Eos, April 20, 1993) and a discussion of the functions of the U.S. SEDI Coordinating Committee by Chairman Rick O'Connell, followed by an explanation by Tom Jordan of the procedures for selection of a new Coordinating Committee, to serve in the coming year. Participants were invited to make nominations for new committee members during the course of the symposium.

Dispersion predictions for waves along a cylindrical shell immersed in fluid

The behavior of guided flexural waves of an infinite, elastic, circular cylinder immersed in fluid was considered previously [M. Manley, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 2387 (1992)]. The fluid is of lower density than the solid. The asymptotically exact dispersion relation derived previously is applied to determine dominant terms for dispersion of axial waves in the vicinity of the ring frequency. The effect of fluid loading on the cutoff frequency for the longitudinal mode is examined. [Supported by the PSU Applied Research Laboratory Exploratory and Foundational Research Program.]

Elastohydrodynamic waves associated with a thick elastic cylinder immersed in fluid

The behavior of guided flexural waves of an infinite, elastic, thick-walled circular cylinder immersed in fluid is considered in the low-frequency limit. The fluid is of lower density than the solid. The dependence of field quantities on φ, t, and x is of the form einφe−iωteikx, where n is the circumferential wave number, ω is the frequency of vibration, k is the wave number in the axial direction, φ is the circumferential coordinate, t is time, and x is the coordinate in the direction of the cylinder axis. Solutions for the exact dispersion relation based on the full elastodynamic equations will be presented. Appropriate approximations will be shown for a simplified representation of the dispersion relation of the lowest-order flexural wave. It will be shown that standard shell theory results correspond to different limits of the exact result. [Work supported by the PSU Applied Research Laboratory Exploratory and Foundational Research Program. The author acknowledges the advice of A. D. Pierce.]

Stanley foundation research program

Stanley foundation research program

Higher-order theory for fluid-loaded thin elastic plates.

An elastic, infinite plate of finite thickness with fluid loading on one side and vacuum on the other is considered. Appropriate approximations to the dispersion relation based on the full elastodynamic equations will be presented for the range 0&amp;lt;kh&amp;lt;2, where k is the wave number and h is the thickness. [Supported by the PSU Applied Research Laboratory Exploratory and Foundational Research Program. The author acknowledges the advice of A.D. Pierce.]

Waves on fluid-loaded thin elastic plates near the coincidence frequency.

An elastic, infinite plate of finite thickness with fluid loading on one side and vacuum on the other is considered. Thin plate models are generally adequate for this problem, but fail near the coincidence frequency. Predictions based on the full elastodynamic equations will be presented for waves near the coincidence frequency. [Work supported by the PSU Applied Research Laboratory Exploratory and Foundational Research Program. The author acknowledges the advice of A. D. Pierce.]

Naming in Programming

Abstract : Good names are important in programming. Names do not affect program performance, but can make program text clearer. In particular, they can bring out family relationships between similar procedures. The Author discusses common obstacles to good naming. The Author then gives some examples of good naming in the language Logo, a language in which naming (with the TO construct) is a central metaphor for the programmer's activity. The work reported herein was supported in part by the Foundation Research Program of the Naval Postgraduate School with funds provided by the Chief of Naval Research. This paper is to appear in Computers in the Schools.