Foundation Subject Research Articles

DYNAMIC INTERACTION FACTOR OF PILED RAFT FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOADING

DYNAMIC INTERACTION FACTOR OF PILED RAFT FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOADING

Nonlinear buckling and post-buckling analysis of shear deformable stiffened truncated conical sandwich shells with functionally graded face sheets and a functionally graded porous core

In this study, the nonlinear buckling and post-buckling analysis of stiffened truncated conical sandwich shells with functionally graded face sheets and a functionally graded porous core resting on the Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation subject to a uniform axial compressive load has been investigated. Shells are reinforced by functionally graded material stringers and rings, in which the change of spacing between stringers in the meridional direction also is taken into account. The stability equations of the shell are derived based on the first-order shear deformation theory with a von Karman–Donnell type of kinematic nonlinearity and the smeared stiffener technique. Those equations are solved by the Galerkin method to determine the effects of stiffeners, shell characteristics, material properties, porosity coefficient, and elastic foundation on the critical buckling load and for analyzing the post-buckling load–deflection curves. The approaches are verified with the known results in the literature.

Crucigrama como estrategia para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la matemática universitaria

INTRODUCCIÓN. Actualmente, se exige que las clases de la matemática universitaria sean dinámicas y creativas; para ello los crucigramas representan una buena alternativa que fomente el aprendizaje significativo así como la motivación en el estudiante. OBJETIVO. Analizar el uso del crucigrama para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la asignatura Fundamentos Matemáticos en estudiantes universitarios. MÉTODO. Se enmarcó en una metodología cuantitativa, de tipo descriptivo, con un diseño de investigación de campo, transversal. La muestra fue de 36 estudiantes y los instrumentos fueron tres crucigramas y una encuesta de satisfacción aplicada a los estudiantes. RESULTADOS. Un alto porcentaje de respuestas en los crucigramas fueron correctas, las notas obtenidas en los crucigramas fueron satisfactorias, el aporte del crucigrama como estrategia didáctica resultó sobresaliente distinguiéndose principalmente en el desarrollo de habilidades. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. El crucigrama representó una herramienta didáctica eficaz y valiosa para facilitar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos y así promover el aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes universitarios. Asimismo, brinda información útil para el desarrollo y promoción de estrategias didácticas que ayuden a mejorar el rendimiento académico y se sugiere realizar estudios sobre este tipo de herramientas pedagógicas en otras asignaturas pertenecientes o no al campo matemático.

A Cross-sectional and Comparative Study of Attitude and Manner of Medical, Dental and Paramedical Students Towards Cadaveric Dissection

Background: Anatomy is the initial, basic and foundational subject of the medical and dental curriculum. It is thought to be the toughest subject in the initial days of the medical and dental course of study. This toughest subject is made little easier through practice of dissection. Objectives: The cardinal purpose of this study is to evaluate the attitude and manner of dissection, also to explore the views and perspectives towards cadaver and dissection among medical, dental and paramedical students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at a reputed and well-recognised medical college. Study population is made of 546 students (medical, dental and paramedical students). They were given a well-prepared student questionnaire (made of 35 questions) and the responses were obtained and analysed. Results: Among 546 students (224 males and 322 females); 328 are MBBS, 127 are paramedical and 91 are BDS students. Four best questions were selected in the distributed questionnaire based on significance as P values, in which the question asked “Are you interested in cadaveric dissection” is extremely significant with a P value of 0.0092. Conclusions: Many of the students opted for the use of pre-dissected human specimens, instead of cadaveric dissection. They felt that dissection can help them to work as a team and improves their group discussion ability. Though most of the students are interested in cadaveric dissection, they touch the cadaver less often.

La teoría de las fuentes del Derecho. Dimensiones conceptuales y terminológicas

El presente estudio tiene como cometido realizar un examen y una aproximación al tema de los fundamentos metodológicos de las fuentes del derecho, en particular, se hace referencia a algunas delimitaciones conceptuales, también sobre las diferentes clasificaciones metodológicas. Cierto es que, para la comprensión de las fuentes del derecho, existen elementos claves sin los cuales es imposible realizar un análisis certero sobre la ciencia jurídica.

Moving Element Method for Dynamic Analyses of Functionally Graded Plates Resting on Pasternak Foundation Subjected to Moving Harmonic Load

This paper presents the moving element method (MEM) for dynamic analyses of functionally graded (FG) plates resting on Pasternak foundation under moving harmonic load. The Mindlin plate theory is used to model the FG plates. Macroscopic material properties of FG plates are assumed to continuously vary across the thickness direction by a simple power-law distribution. The governing equation of the FG plate is formulated in a coordinate system which moves along with the applied load. In addition, the method simply treats the moving load as “stationary” at the discretized node of plate to completely eliminate the update procedure of force vector due to the change of contact point with elements. To verify the accuracy of the computational paradigm, static and free vibration analyses of FG plates are examined first. Dynamic analyses of FG plates subjected to a moving harmonic load are then conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters such as volume fraction exponent, Young’ modulus, load velocity, foundation damping coefficient and load acceleration/deceleration on dynamic responses of the plate.

Cartesian Intuition. A Cleansed Cartesianism

For the contemporary philosophy of the mental, it is fruitful for us to return to Cartesian intuition and to attempt to present a “cleansed Cartesianism”, because the intuition takes effect in the fields of epistemology, semantic and linguistic internalism, externalism, and linguistics (Chomsky, Fodor). In this article, we present a series of six following sketches (1.-5.), leading towards a new correction of Cartesian internalism which we hope will cleanse and unleash a fresh outlook on Cartesianism because if we are to finally put aside pragmatism, we must realize that Cartesianism is in the offing when it comes to the lively scholarly discourse around the philosophy of the mind and related subjects: the feature of the subject’s point of view (1.); the dilemma of Cartesian knowledge (2.); a review of Cartesian reflection (3.); the ‘Kantian I’ (as well as Castaneda’s reinterpretation of it) (5.); the monadological foundation of subjectivity (7.); we conclude with a correction and outlook (7.). We find it of particular interest to connect what we call the ‘dilemma of Cartesian knowledge’ (2.) with “Fichte’s original insight” (4.), Reinhold’s “Elementary Philosophy”, and the “Early Romance ‘Constellation’ (6.) as rediscovered by Dieter Henrich and continued by Manfred Frank. The foundational subject here is the regress and circle as well as the problem of “philosophical deduction” in the philosophy of reflection, Elementary Philosophy, and German Idealism in general. Manfred Frank long connected this problem to contemporary philosophy of the mental (mind), as we describe in “The Early Romance Constellation” and “Fichte’s Original Insight” (6., 4.) The rebuilding of a Cartesian view hints that we might well promote the theme of pre-reflective consciousness—going back to Jean-Paul Sartre—within the new architecture of philosophy of the mental as a fundamental question.Neither in the rationalistic or the empiricist accounts of “modern philosophy” nor within the discourse around German Idealism has pre-reflective consciousness been recognized adequately. Looking back, the important matteris following: Within modern egology, the function of pre-reflective consciousness is covered by the I-axiom as the foundation of knowledge. We conclude with a correction of the Cartesian view, the limit of self-consciousness, and a brief treatment of current cooperations of the European and American philosophers exchange (7.)

Mechanisms beneath rectangular shallow foundations on sands: vertical loading

This paper details analysis of deformation behaviour of silica and carbonate sands under a rectangular foundation subject to uniaxial vertical load based on results from a series of centrifuge model tests. A multiscale particle image velocimetry/digital image correlation (PIV/DIC) technique was used to record and analyse the foundation tests with high resolution and measurement precision. Cone penetrometer and pressuremeter tests provide in situ soil characterisation of the tested sand sample in the centrifuge environment. The soil behaviour is analysed through foundation load–settlement response and the observed soil deformation measurements. Different soil deformation mechanisms and strain behaviours were observed in the different sands tested, and the particle shape effect is considered, with data from scanning electron microscopy, to explain the differences. The results and analyses contribute towards better understanding of different soil behaviours under shallow foundations in different sands.

Do we need a core curriculum for medical students? A scoping review

ObjectiveThe General Medical Council (GMC) recommends medical schools to develop and implement curricula enabling students to achieve the required learning outcomes. UK medical schools follow the GMC’s Outcomes for graduates,...

Review: Opera for the People: English-Language Opera and Women Managers in Late 19th-Century America, by Katherine K. Preston

Book Review| August 01 2019 Review: Opera for the People: English-Language Opera and Women Managers in Late 19th-Century America, by Katherine K. Preston Opera for the People: English-Language Opera and Women Managers in Late 19th-Century America, by Katherine K. Preston. AMS Studies in Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. xxix, 618 pp. Candace Bailey Candace Bailey CANDACE BAILEY is Professor of Musicology at North Carolina Central University. Her current research focuses on women and music in the United States during the nineteenth century. Her most recent book is Charleston Belles Abroad (University of South Carolina Press, 2019). She will be a National Humanities Center Fellow and Kate Van Winkle Keller Fellow at the American Antiquarian Society in 2019–20. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Musicological Society (2019) 72 (2): 581–585. https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2019.72.2.581 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Candace Bailey; Review: Opera for the People: English-Language Opera and Women Managers in Late 19th-Century America, by Katherine K. Preston. Journal of the American Musicological Society 1 August 2019; 72 (2): 581–585. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2019.72.2.581 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search Nineteenth-century music has never faded as a foundational subject of inquiry among musicologists nor has its popularity waned in the concert hall or college classroom. Since at least the 1980s, however, musicologists have begun to question the prominence given to the repertoire presented in these spaces and, more broadly, the influence of the canon on modern perceptions of music of the past. Critical interrogation of musicology and its historiography has yielded an expanding list of composers, provided a more balanced view of compositional practices, and opened the door to reconsiderations of performance, circulation, and reception. This type of research provides a more holistic approach to Western music and allows for new examinations of old concepts and innovative interpretations of familiar repertoires. Music in the United States presents special challenges to traditional methodologies. Its historiography is too young to have many old concepts, and its repertoire hardly familiar. Tensions that may... You do not currently have access to this content.

COMPREENDENDO A NECESSIDADE DE UM CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO SUPERIOR EM LÍNGUA MACUXI A DISTÂNCIA QUE PODERIA SER OFERTADO PELO INSIKIRAN - UFRR.

Este estudo tem por interesse compreender a Formação Superior Indígena Multicultural em como este contexto resguarda uma nova demanda atual: a necessidade que o Instituto de Formação Superior Indígena em Roraima – INSIKIRAN, presente na Universidade Federal de Roraima – UFRR, observe a viabilidade de um Curso de Formação Superior em Língua Macuxi a Distância. Visando cumprir esse propósito, baseado em modelo bibliográfico-qualitativo de pesquisa, a abordagem do tema de fundamentou em publicações textos, teses, artigos e dissertações que favorecessem uma melhor compreensão sobre essa realidade. À medida que o tema fora mais bem discutido, se pôde obter uma melhor visão e conhecimento sobre a Formação Superior Indígena Multicultural.
 Palavras-chave: Formação Superior. Multiculturalismo. Línguas Indígenas.

Crumbling, creeping or enduring – the foundations of legal knowledge at a time of training reform

Legal Education periodically goes through periods of potential flux. There have been at least five major reviews within the last 50 years comprising two Command Papers - Cmnd 4595 (‘the Ormrod Report’ of 1971) and Cmnd 7648 (‘the Benson Report’ of 1979)) and three reports by the profession (including one by the short lived Advisory Committee on Legal Education and Conduct (ACLEC)). We are currently in the midst of the individual regulatory bodies’ responses to the latest of those reviews - the Legal Education and Training Review 2013. While a range of issues are up for consideration including the work-based element of training and the general requirement of having a degree, the likelihood is that foundation subjects will remain, to the dissatisfaction of some.

Dynamic analysis of beams on fractional viscoelastic foundation subject to a variable speed moving load

The present paper investigates the dynamic response of beams resting on fractional viscoelastic foundation subjected to a moving load with variable speeds. The Galerkin with finite difference methods are used to deal with the governing equation of motion. The effect of various parameters, like fractional order derivative, foundation stiffness and damping, speed of moving load on the response of the beam are investigated and discussed.

BEHAVIOUR OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO DYNAMIC LOADS AND RESTED ON SAND SOIL

Studying of foundation behaviour under different loading cases is one the most important topics that has occupied a great deal of interest. Foundation closely correlated with factors and surrounding conditions such as type of active load and type of soil bearing foundation. Non-static load (dynamic) is one of the most dangerous types of loads that affect the foundations such as earthquakes, which in turn depends heavily on the weight of the building, which depend on the number of floors, as well as the type of soil bearing foundations. To study the effect of variable load on the foundations, a model of two different types of foundations was presented (Raft – Raft with inverted beam) and exposed to El_centro earthquake with constant soil type and changing the number of floors (5, 10 and 15). From analysis results, it showed that:- 1- Raft and raft with inverted beam have almost equal stresses and deformations. 2- Raft with inverted beam is better in resisting H.Z displacement resulting of dynamic loads than raft. 3- Raft with inverted beam improved results although it is equal to 70 % of raft inertia, so that it is better to use it with dynamic loads.

Towards the development of day one competences in veterinary behaviour medicine: survey of veterinary professionals experience in companion animal practice in Ireland

BackgroundVeterinary behaviour medicine should be a foundation subject of the veterinary curriculum because of its wide scope of applications to veterinary practice. Private practitioners are likely to be the primary source of information on animal behaviour for most pet owners, however studies indicate that behavioural issues are not frequently discussed during companion animal consultations and many practitioners lack confidence in dealing with behavioural problems, likely due to poor coverage of this subject in veterinary education.There is a need to identify learning outcomes to support day one competences in veterinary behaviour medicine and these should be informed by practice-based evidence. This study aimed to investigate the nature and frequency of behavioural queries experienced by veterinary professionals in Ireland, the provision of behavioural services at companion animal practices, behaviour referral practices and challenges associated with providing a behaviour service.MethodsTwo online surveys were developed, one for private veterinary practitioners (PVP) and one for veterinary nurses (VN). Invitations to participate were distributed using contact details from the Premises Accreditation Scheme database on the Veterinary Council of Ireland website. Thirty-eight PVPs and 69 VNs completed the survey.ResultsResults indicated that less than half of companion animal practices offer behavioural consults and under a third of practices provide training and socialization events. Over half of the practices surveyed have referred cases to a behavioural specialist.The majority of respondents encountered behavioural queries weekly. Ninety-eight percent reported receiving queries regarding dog behaviour. Toilet training and unruly behaviour were two issues encountered frequently. Behavioural issues in cats were also common. House soiling and destructive behaviour were the problems most frequently encountered by respondents.The two most commonly cited barriers to providing behavioural consultations were lack of in-house or personal expertise, and that clients were not willing to pay for these services.Furthermore over half of all veterinary professionals surveyed indicated that they had received inadequate undergraduate training in veterinary behaviour medicine.ConclusionsBehavioural problems in companion animals can affect the quality of life of pets and their owners. Our survey findings indicate that many veterinary professionals frequently encounter behavioural problems and identify an opportunity for improved provision in behaviour medicine in veterinary education.

Towards Analysis of the Status of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education in Zimbabwe Secondary Schools: Access, Quality, Policy

The present quantitative study surveyed the status and uptake of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects among secondary school students in Zimbabwe. Statistical data for the research was gathered through desk study complemented by physical observational visits at selected schools in all provinces. The study revealed that the uptake of STEM subjects among students was very low as compared to other disciplines in the curriculum such as the arts, humanities and commercial subjects, in comparison with the gross enrolment. This has been the case at both ‘O’ and ‘A’ levels. There is also a noticeable decline in enrolment statistics in STEM related subjects as the level of education increases. Within the sciences, at ‘O’ level, integrated science has high number of entries whilst pure science subjects such as biology, chemistry, physics and computer science registered very few entries. However, even though the enrolment figures are very low in STEM subjects, the pass rates within these subjects have been quite high. There has been also a steady increase in the number of female students taking up science subjects, though the numbers are still on the low side in comparison to their male counterparts. The population with STEM education in Zimbabwe stands at 0.03%. This is besides that the country needs STEM skilled personnel for the implementation of value addition, beneficiation, industrialization and economic development efforts. The MoPSE’s curriculum review and the MHTESTD’s ‘A’ Level STEM initiative though they have been implemented from different political and curriculum view-points, they support the increment of students taking up STEM foundation subjects to realise scientifically and technologically literate society and address the development needs of Zimbabwe.

Monkey‐see, Monkey‐do: An Eye‐tracking Study Assessing the Efficacy of Feed‐forward Training in Histology Visual Literacy Development

Histology is a foundational subject in professional health curricula requiring competency in visual identification of cells and tissues on microscope slides. The emergence of virtual microscopy (VM), an app that simulates optical microscopy (OM) in a digital interface, has transformed histology curricula in health sciences education by increasing teaching efficiency and accessibility to students while reducing costs and space associated with OM labs. Over 70% of North American medical schools now report using VM solely or in combination with OMs in histology education. Despite the numerous advantages reported in the literature, no studies have shown VM's ability to enhance acquisition of visual literacy. One method shown to be effective in training novices in a virtual environment is a feed‐forward system used in aircraft inspection training. Novices who are shown expert's eye scan‐paths conducting aircraft inspection perform better on subsequent tasks than those who are not. The objective of this study was to assess whether feed‐forward training would yield higher efficiency in visual literacy development in histology. An expert's eye scan path was recorded using an eye‐tracker while completing white blood cell identification tasks on VM. A scan path includes an overlay of the expert's fixations and saccades (rapid eye movements between fixations). In an IRB‐exempt study, first‐year graduate students enrolled in a histology course, who have not yet encountered the content, were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group (n=11) viewed videos of the experts' scan‐path completing blood cell identification tasks on VM. The control group (n=9) viewed the same videos, but without the expert's scan‐path overlay, instead, the correct cells were highlighted at the end of each video. Both groups then completed a series of blood cell identification tasks. Linear mixed model regression analyses were used to analyze group differences for the following parameter averages: (1) time to identification; (2) total number of fixations; (3) total number of saccades; and (4) average length of saccade path. These parameters have been used previously to characterize eye movement profiles for experts and novices. On average, identification time was 1.4% lower [95% CI: 24.6% lower to 17.5% higher] and average saccade length was 17.0% lower [95% CI: 54.5% lower to 11.3% higher] in the experimental group compared to the control group. The number of saccades per slide was 13.8% lower [95% CI: 31.2% lower to 8% higher], and the number of fixations per slide was 12.2% lower [95% CI: 27.7% lower to 6.6% higher] in the experimental group compared to the control group. These results indicate the eye movement parameters between the two groups are noticeably different, with the experimental groups being more similar to expert parameters. This study provides preliminary data that feed‐forward training may be a viable method to teach pattern recognition skills and visual literacy development in histology. Further investigation of this feed‐forward training method could have implications on developing educational interventions that influence future histology curricula.Support or Funding InformationThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Mathematics learning support and engagement in first year engineering

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the effects of both free optional mathematics learning support and engagement on the mathematics performance in a foundation mathematics subject of a cohort of engineering students entering university with poor mathematical skills. New engineering students were directed to either a foundation or standard mathematics subject based on the results of a placement test. For students in the foundation subject, it was found that high levels of learning support were associated with greater improvement over the semester. Some form of learning support was used by 57.9% of the students, a reasonably high proportion of the cohort. Some factors for this high level of use of learning support are considered. One possible factor, the placement test, appears to have had a positive effect. Engagement in the subject activities as measured by tutorial attendance and learning management system use was found to have a positive association with final mark. Students who utilized a high level of learning support were more likely to be more engaged with the subject, making it impossible to draw conclusions about improvements being solely due to the use of learning support.

The Levellers, political literacy and contemporary Citizenship education in England

This article analyses the concept of political literacy (as introduced in the 1998 Crick Report) in relation to Citizenship in the English National Curriculum. It argues that political literacy has not been sufficiently emphasised or facilitated within this foundation subject and that the concept is particularly important for students at a time of considerable political and social conflict in England (and elsewhere). The authors state that engagement with the ideas and practices of the Levellers (a political group writing and agitating at the time of the Civil Wars) could enable students and teachers to explore political literacy (especially the implications of social media) by looking at a political group that utilised mass pamphleteering as a form of political communication. The article will also investigate the context of Citizenship within the English National Curriculum and some of the philosophical concerns around Citizenship education. It contains a section placing the Levellers in their contemporary and historiographical contexts.

Particle in a Box: An Experiential Environment for Learning Introductory Quantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanics (QMs) is a foundational subject in many science and engineering fields. It is difficult to teach, however, as it requires a fundamental revision of the assumptions and laws of classical physics and probability. Furthermore, introductory QM courses and texts predominantly focus on the mathematical formulations of the subject and lay less emphasis on its conceptual understanding. Consequently, students struggle to build robust mental models of the concepts. This paper posits that games can provide an effective platform for an experiential and conceptual understanding of introductory QM. Games are particularly suitable for demonstrating QM characteristics because their repetitive nature is conducive to demonstrating probability concepts that form a core part of QM. Games can also immerse students in an engaging environment that motivates them to learn. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a digital game for learning introductory QM concepts. The evaluation of the game indicates an improvement in students’ conceptual understanding of probability. Students also reported an increase in comfort level with key concepts taught in the game.