Moral Foundations Research Articles

도덕의 ‘근원’으로서의 정서: 맹자 사단설의 한 해석

Mencius’ theory of ‘Four Beginnings’(四端) provides the main and central ideas to theory of mind and cultivation of confucianism. He clearly argued the ‘Four Beginnings’, especially among them, ‘feeling of commiseration’(惻隱之心) is the first and innermost foundation of moral achievements and virtues. Today, ‘feeling of commiseration’ is usually translated into ‘compassion’ or ‘sympathy’, and regarded at best one of the so-called ‘moral emotions’, but it is to be the foundation of morality as Mencius argued, it should have a special status that is distincted from ordinary emotion or feeling. 
 The idea of ‘foundational emotion(mood)’, in Heidgger’s thoughts, can provides the analytical understanding on the status of Mencius’ ‘feeling of commiseration’. This emotion is not the one of ordinary emotions which are aroused by outer thing’s affectation, but the deeply rooted in mind in itself, or rather, by itself, the essential component of mind. In this perspective, ‘feeling of commiseration’ is the one and the same thing of Mencius’ ‘mind of benevolence and rightness’(仁義之心), ‘mind of goodness’(良心). As the ‘foundational emotion’, Mencius’ ‘feeling of commiseration’ presents the ideal type of human mind that self-cultivation(moral education) should pursue.

Role of the Code of Ethics to Improve professionalism of English Teachers

This research explores the role and implementation of the Teacher Code of Ethics in increasing the professionalism of educators in Indonesia, exploring aspects of the attachment of religious values and norms in the context of Eastern culture. The main focus of this research is on the role of Islamic religious teachers, who are inherently expected to comply with the Code of Ethics as ethical foundation in the profession. Using a qualitative approach with literature analysis, this research explores theories that support the role of codes of ethics in the educational context in Indonesia. The National Education System Law and the definition of teachers as professional education personnel are the main basis. The results of this research are the need to instill awareness about the teacher code of ethics, continuous evaluation of its implementation, and efforts to increase professionalism through self-reflection on learning practices. Research also shows that implementing a code of ethics is the main key in realizing the common goal of improving the quality of education in Indonesia. By understanding and implementing a code of ethics, it is hoped that teachers can make a positive contribution to building a reputation and appreciation for their role in the world of education.

STRATEGI ORANG TUA DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI-NILAI RELIGIUS PADA ANAK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCEGAH KENAKALAN REMAJA DI DESA TANJUNGREJO

The objective of this research is to explore the strategies employed by parents in Tanjungrejo Village to instill religious values in their children, aiming to prevent adolescent delinquency. Religious values are considered crucial for providing moral guidance to adolescents. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, the study utilizes observation, interviews, and documentation for data collection. Data analysis involves reducing, presenting, and drawing conclusions from the gathered information. Findings indicate that parents utilize various tactics, such as setting personal examples, encouraging participation in religious activities like Quranic studies, and maintaining open communication with their children. Religious values serve as a strong moral foundation capable of influencing adolescent decision-making. Nevertheless, parents encounter challenges, particularly concerning their children's reliance on technology. Managing children's exposure to inappropriate content and ensuring the primacy of religious values in education pose significant hurdles for parents. Despite these challenges, parental involvement in instilling religious values is deemed essential in preventing adolescent delinquency. However, addressing influences like technology requires a careful approach to educating children in the digital age. Parents' recognition of their role in their children's education and collaborative efforts to foster an environment supportive of religious values could be crucial in preventing adolescent delinquency in Tanjungrejo Village.

Do Moral Foundation Theory and Dyadic Morality Theory Disagree over the Nature of Emotion?

Do Moral Foundation Theory and Dyadic Morality Theory Disagree over the Nature of Emotion?

A holistic approach to addressing the global environmental challenge: the scientific-philosophical methodology

The search for a constructive strategy to overcome socio-economic and environmental imbalances in technogenic civilization is of great importance in modern science and philosophy. The article aims to discuss the scientific and philosophical potential of the holistic approach as a specific methodology and worldview. To achieve this goal, the authors clarify the understanding of the term "ecology" as an interdisciplinary field encompassing both natural and social aspects, which is the key to the modern analysis of environmental problems and the search for their solutions. The study of the doctrines of "new humanism", "world balance for mankind", and "new enlightenment", which were presented in the reports to the Club of Rome, allows one to find out the ethical and metaphysical foundations of the new paradigm of holism, its prognostic potential.

MODERN APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING THE ETHICS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Artificial intelligence is becoming an integral part of human life, its implementation is quite intensive, including the sphere of legal proceedings. In this regard, the question arises about the ethical side of the use of artificial intelligence in the administration of justice. It should be noted that the general anthropocentric vector towards the development of the ethical foundations of the use of AI systems is characteristic of most States, which indicates the commitment of States to respect fundamental human values when using AI in judicial proceedings. The ethical principles of the administration of justice in many States are undergoing significant changes due to the formation of a new ethics of justice - justice using artificial intelligence. This article will be devoted to the study of global trends aimed at the formation of moral principles of judicial proceedings using artificial intelligence.

The Evolution of Ethical Standards in Health Research: An Islamic Overview

This review examines the intricate historical route of ethical standards within health research, integrating insights from an Islamic perspective. It meticulously traces pivotal junctures from the genesis of ethical frameworks like the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki to the establishment and evolution of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). Employing content analysis, the paper examines the adaptive nature of ethical guidelines in facing contemporary challenges, including genetic research and emerging technologies, through the lens of Islamic principles. It emphasizes the dynamic interplay between ethics and progress, highlighting the pivotal role of ethical considerations in safeguarding the well-being of research participants and upholding the integrity of scientific endeavours within an Islamic ethical framework. Through this exploration, the study underscores the indispensable role of ethical foundations in steering responsible and socially conscious research practices across multifaceted domains, thereby shaping a more conscientious and accountable landscape in health research, enriched by Islamic perspectives.

MOTIV: Visual Exploration of Moral Framing in Social Media

AbstractWe present a visual computing framework for analysing moral rhetoric on social media around controversial topics. Using Moral Foundation Theory, we propose a methodology for deconstructing and visualizing the when, where and who behind each of these moral dimensions as expressed in microblog data. We characterize the design of this framework, developed in collaboration with experts from language processing, communications and causal inference. Our approach integrates microblog data with multiple sources of geospatial and temporal data, and leverages unsupervised machine learning (generalized additive models) to support collaborative hypothesis discovery and testing. We implement this approach in a system named MOTIV. We illustrate this approach on two problems, one related to Stay‐at‐home policies during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the other related to the Black Lives Matter movement. Through detailed case studies and discussions with collaborators, we identify several insights discovered regarding the different drivers of moral sentiment in social media. Our results indicate that this visual approach supports rapid, collaborative hypothesis testing, and can help give insights into the underlying moral values behind controversial political issues.Supplemental Material: https://osf.io/ygkzn/?view_only=6310c0886938415391d977b8aae8b749

Ideological Connections: An Integrated Humanistic-Social Psychological Approach to Examining the Relationship Between Controversial Opposing Opinions

The social, economic, political, and civil unrest surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 United States election, and the increased activity of the racial justice movement has seemingly divided not just the nation but the world. Thoughts and behaviors are guided by ideological beliefs—collections of ideas or philosophies associated with power structures. I examined the overlap between positions on controversial topics and identified how ideological alignment, values, and identity characteristics influenced the holders’ views. I found significant relationships among the variables categorized as social, political, health and medical, and safety, security, and legal ideologies. The results indicated that participants’ views in one ideological category were similar to those in the other ideological categories. Finally, the current study presents models of integrating worldviews in which ideological viewpoints in the various categories align, supported by the Moral Foundations Theory, Ideological-Conflict Hypothesis, and the Rigidity-of-the-Right Hypothesis.

Moral Relevance Approach for AI Ethics

Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics is proposed as an emerging and interdisciplinary field concerned with addressing the ethical issues of AI, such as the issue of moral decision-making. The conflict between our intuitive moral judgments constitutes an inevitable obstacle to decision-making in AI ethics. This article outlines the Moral Relevance Approach, which could provide a considerable moral foundation for AI ethics. Taking moral relevance as the precondition of the consequentialist principles, the Moral Relevance Approach aims to plausibly consider individual moral claims. It is not only the common ethical target shaping our moral consensus but also the inherent moral ability connecting others with us.

Moral Economy and the Ethics of the Real Living Wage in UK Football Clubs

AbstractReal living wages (RLWs) are an important ethical and moral policy to ensure that employees earn enough to live on. In providing ‘a fair day's pay for a fair day's work’, they set an ethical foundation for liveability. This article explores the ethics and moral economy of the RLW for lower-paid staff in the overlooked economy context of UK professional football, illustrated by a qualitative case study of Luton Town Football Club (LTFC). The article provides theoretical insights grounded in moral economy concepts about how a RLW contributes to a broader common good means of enabling fuller human participation in decent working and living conditions. Applying these concepts using a multi-disciplinary moral economy interpretation offers deeper theoretical contributions than economistic interpretations restricted to mainly technocratic economic distributive issues. LTFC are evidently ethically embedded in a moral economy as a local community club paying a RLW, and part of the overlooked economy. The research also contributes to contemporary debates on ‘Common Good’ HRM regarding the role of living wages in addressing grand common good challenges like inequality and quality of working lives.

Perception of the Course by the Students of Moscow Universities «Fundamentals of Russian Statehood (based on the results of in-depth research)

The article presents data on the study of the perception of the Moscow university students of the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood". To obtain data on the perception of the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" by the student youth, the author conducted a sociological study using the method of individual in-depth interviews (30 first-year students of Moscow universities who are teaching this discipline). In the course of the study, the theoretical and methodological basis was studied, affecting the issue of perception by modern youth of certain development trends and problems of society. The study is an important stage in the study of the influence of the new course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" on the formation of the worldview of students. The article analyzes the attitude of young people to youth politics in Russia today, to the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" and its influence on the formation of awareness of belonging to Russian society, the development of a sense of citizenship, as well as on the creation of a spiritual, moral and cultural foundation of a developed and integral personality who realized the peculiarities of the historical path of our state and the identity of its political organization. The results of the study show that the perception of the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" depends on various factors, in particular on the individual preferences and expectations of students. The new course is not only an educational program, but also a tool of social impact aimed at the formation of patriotic consciousness and civic responsibility among the younger generation. The results of the study supplement the accumulated knowledge by obtaining up-to-date data on the perception of the student youth of Moscow universities of the course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood", clarify various aspects of the content of this course, which in the future will help other authors in the study of the topic.

The moral foundations of responsible business: Using computational text analysis to explore the salience of morality in CSR communication

Morality is an integral part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). However, the academic debate so far has mostly stated the importance of morality from a purely theoretical perspective, without empirically assessing it. We, therefore, draw on the moral foundations dictionary to conduct an automated content analysis of corporations’ (N = 277) annual CSR reports (N = 5010) over a period of 22 years. Looking into Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, we investigated morality salience, differences across sectors, countries, and over time as well as the association of morality with different stakeholder groups. Results inform the broader debate on CSR and morality and highlight avenues for future research.

A Validation Study of the Extended Relevance Scale using the D3mirt Package for R

ABSTRACT This paper reports a validation study based on descriptive multidimensional item response theory (DMIRT), implemented in the R package D3mirt by using the ERS-C, an extended version of the Relevance subscale from the Moral Foundations Questionnaire including two new items for collectivism (17 items in total). Two latent models are created and investigated in two large samples (N = 1560 and N = 1380 US citizens). The internal investigation indicates a presence of two unidimensions, Compassion and Conformity, and a third within-multidimension of Collectivism in both samples. The external investigation show that Republicans are the highest on Conformity in the models, followed by Independents, and lastly Democrats. Democratic followers are the highest on compassion, followed by Independents and Republicans. No difference between groups on Collectivism were found. Lastly, the models succeeded in correctly identifying the Republican and Democratic voters but struggled to correctly classify the Independent.

American Association for Anatomy recommendations for the management of legacy anatomical collections.

Collections of human remains in scientific and private institutions have a long tradition, though throughout history there has often been variable regard for the respect and dignity that these tissues demand. Recent public scandals around the use of human remains, coupled with an increasing community awareness around accountability in such instances, forces scholars to confront the ethical and moral concerns associated with these collections. This includes specific focus on the acquisition, storage, use, and disposition of these remains, which were often collected with no consent and with little knowledge, or concern, about the individual or their respective culture and practices surrounding death and postmortem treatment. As a response, the American Association for Anatomy convened a Legacy Anatomical Collections Task Force to consider these issues and to develop recommendations to assist those working with these tissues in education, research, and museum collections. This has culminated with the development of Recommendations for the Management of Legacy Anatomical Collections. The recommendations provide both an ethical foundation and practical considerations for the use, storage, and disposition of legacy collections of human tissues, and deliver guidance for establishing appropriate management and oversight, investigating provenance, and engaging with communities of care. While these Recommendations are considered a living document which will change over time as ethical principles concerning human tissue evolve, they currently represent 'best practice' recommendations that can guide researchers, teachers, and museum associates as they consider the future of legacy anatomical collections in their care.

Grundzüge einer kritischen Medizinethik

ZusammenfassungDie Medizinethik sieht sich zunehmend mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert, die sich aus gesellschaftlichen Machtasymmetrien und epistemischen Ungerechtigkeiten ergeben. Dabei fehlen der Medizinethik die epistemischen Linsen, um diese gesellschaftlichen Kontextfaktoren ärztlichen Handelns analysieren zu können. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, bedarf es daher einer theoretisch-konzeptuellen Neuausrichtung. In diesem Beitrag werden die Grundzüge einer kritischen Medizinethik diskutiert, welche Perspektiven und Erkenntniskategorien aus kritischen Theorien übernimmt. Dazu gehört die Kritische Theorie der Frankfurter Schule sowie diejenigen Ansätze aus den Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften, die auf Machtasymmetrien reflektieren. Dadurch soll das epistemische Spektrum der Medizinethik erweitert werden, um reale Machtverhältnisse besser in normative Analysen einbeziehen zu können.In einem ersten Schritt wird der Beitrag der Sozialwissenschaften im Sinn einer empirischen Ethik diskutiert. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass eine empirische Ausrichtung alleine die epistemologische Lücke nicht schließen kann. In einem weiteren Schritt werden daher epistemische Linsen und Konzepte aus kritischen Theorien dargestellt. Dazu gehören einerseits die Kritische Theorie der Frankfurter Schule, andererseits feministische, postkoloniale, Queer- und Gender-Theorien sowie die Science and Technology Studies (STS). In einer Zusammenfassung werden die Grundzüge einer kritischen Medizinethik dargestellt und deren Limitierungen diskutiert.

MENINGKATAN ETOS KERJA BERBASIS RELIGIUSITAS PEKERJA PABRIK DI KAWASAN INDUSTRI (STUDI KASUS DI LPKS MYNARA CIKARANG)

ABSTRACK This research aims to gain a deep understanding of the role of religiosity in shaping the work ethic of factory workers in LPKS Mynara Cikarang. In this research approach, a qualitative method was employed, focusing on data collection through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The research respondents consisted of factory workers at LPKS Mynara Cikarang with diverse work experiences. The findings of this research depict religiosity not only as a series of religious rituals but also as a profound awareness that permeates moral values and personal engagement with God. These religious values provide a strong moral foundation, creating a work culture based on a moral calling rather than tasks as mere obligations. Religious practices, such as prayer and self-reflection, are not just rituals but also psychological strategies that positively impact the psychological well-being of workers. The research also highlights the challenges and opportunities in enhancing the work ethic of factory workers. Training and skills development are recognized as strategic pillars, while leadership roles that set positive examples and engage in open communication are identified as keys to motivating workers. However, high levels of stress and workload can hinder productivity, indicating the need for management policies that support employee well-being. Adaptation to technological changes is also crucial, requiring relevant training and effective communication. Overall, these findings provide a foundation for companies to develop holistic strategies that incorporate training, leadership, stress management, and technological adaptation to sustainably enhance the work ethic of factory workers.

Menggali Konsep Maqashid Syariah: Perspektif Pemikiran Tokoh Islam

This research aims to explore the concept of Maqashid Sharia in the thinking of Islamic figures, namely As-Syaitibi, Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Asyur, with a focus on its potential for adoption in the context of Islamic financial institutions. Maqashid Sharia is the moral foundation for Islamic law, which includes justice, welfare, and protection of human rights. The thoughts of these figures enrich and expand the understanding of the concept, which can become the basis for developing new conceptual models. Through a thought and literature analysis approach, this research will investigate the views of As-Syaitibi, Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Asyur regarding Maqashid Sharia and explore its potential for application in Islamic financial institutions. By producing an integrated conceptual model, it is hoped that this research can provide practical guidance for Islamic financial institutions in carrying out their functions by paying attention to broader moral and social aspects. It is hoped that the results of this research can be a conceptual contribution to the development of Islamic financial institutions, as well as open up space for further research related to the implementation of the Maqashid Sharia concept in the context of Islamic finance.

Exploring Elements of Inclusive Community Development: Insights from Sinau Bareng with Emha Ainun Nadjib

The exploration and application of elements in organizations and communities can be an essential foundation for building inclusive and equitable communities. This study aims to describe the relationship of elements in building an inclusive and fair community in Sinau Bareng with Emha Ainun Nadjib. This qualitative research uses a descriptive approach. Researchers used three data mining techniques: comprehensive interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. This research study shows that the elements in Sinau Bareng are advocacy of social responsibility, ethical foundations, critical-creative thinking, transcendental leadership, and inclusive and equitable community development. Those elements make up an inclusive and equitable community. Social responsibility advocacy produces positive and sustainable change by considering the needs of individuals or groups. The ethical foundation guarantees that organizations act pretty, honestly, responsibly, and transparently. Critical, creative thinking is essential in promoting social responsibility, inclusive and equitable community development, and the practice of transcendental leadership. Transcendental leadership emphasizes the importance of transcendent leaders' inspiration, direction, and guidance in taking individuals and organizations to greater heights. Inclusive and equitable community-building accepts and supports diversity, respects individual needs and aspirations, and ensures fair treatment for all members.

The Common Good According to Whom?

Abstract Alex John London’s new book, For the Common Good: Philosophical Foundations of Research Ethics highlights the fact that establishing just social arrangements is not only a matter of incentivizing popular will to act for the common good; it also requires filling in informational gaps about which policies, arrangements, and interventions will advance the basic interests of members in an equitable, effective and efficient manner. Promoting justice requires, in part, acquiring the knowledge for how to do so. In developing this point, London carefully traces these missteps in the main philosophical debates and then resuscitates the importance of questions of justice at the heart of research ethics. In doing so, it provides a transformative corrective for the field. This review critically examines one of the central pillars of London’s egalitarian research imperative approach: the way in which the social value of research is closely linked with minimizing uncertainty among reasonable experts.