Building Foundations Research Articles

Novel Visualization of Building Earthquake Response Recorded by a Dense Network of Sensors

The strong motion records collected in full-scale structures provide the ultimate evidence of how real structures, in situ, respond to earthquakes. This paper presents a novel method for visualization, in three dimensions (3D), of the collective motion recorded by a dense array of sensors in a building. The method is based on one- and two-dimensional biharmonic spline interpolation of the motion recorded by multiple sensors on the same or multiple floors. It is demonstrated on novel data that have been recorded recently in a 50-story skyscraper, uniquely instrumented with multiple triaxial accelerometers per floor, approximately at every five floors above ground and at two basement levels, and with rotational seismometers and two borehole arrays measuring the motion of the soil very near the building foundation. The method is computationally efficient and suitable for real-time application and rapid assessment of structural health. The animations provide invaluable insight into the 3D structural response of the building as a whole, including wave propagation through the structure and the interplay between translations and rotations, which will be useful for testing existing and developing new methods for structural health monitoring of buildings and for the further development of building design codes. Animations of selected earthquakes can be found on YouTube at @TPYC-seismic.

Programmable assemblies of photothermal anisotropic micromotors for multimodal motion.

Light-driven micromotors with multiple motion modes offer significantly greater application potential than single-mode micromotors. However, achieving such versatility often requires complex structural designs and precise light focusing on specific micromotor regions, presenting challenges for dynamic operations and microscale precisions. This study introduces programmable assemblies of anisotropic micromotors driven by the photothermal Marangoni effect, produced in bulk via microfluidic technology. Under full-area near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the micromotor exhibits multiple motion modes, including translation and revolution, while micromotor assemblies display additional rotational motion. Self-assembly of these micromotors is highly controllable and programmable, enabling easy customization of assembled structures to achieve desired motion modes. These features are expected to advance the development of various intelligent self-propelling systems, using multimodal individual micromotors as foundational building blocks.

A hybrid methodology for estimating train-induced rigid foundation building vibrations

A hybrid methodology for estimating train-induced rigid foundation building vibrations

Seismic Observation of Piled Raft Foundation Supporting a 10-Story RC Residential Building Adjacent to a Pile Foundation Building

Seismic Observation of Piled Raft Foundation Supporting a 10-Story RC Residential Building Adjacent to a Pile Foundation Building

How A Study of Soil Dynamic Properties on the Stability of Building Structures in Foundation and Foundation Engineering

In the context of the increasingly widespread application of high-rise buildings, the selection of foundation base forms with appropriate materials is of great practical significance. The article takes the student teaching building of a college in city A as an example, with the help of the eigenvalue buckling analysis method provided by ANSYS, the three-dimensional finite element model is used to analyze the foundation pit building support structure from the soil moisture content, seismic action and the influence of different clay soil quality. Meanwhile, the feasibility of adopting foundation for buildings with clay1 as the main holding layer is verified from both energetic and dynamic aspects. After the foundation pit building construction, the lateral displacement is overall small, and the maximum lateral displacement is controlled within 4mm. With the increase of soil moisture content, the lateral displacement of the supporting structure gradually increased, and when the moisture content increased to 7 ml and 8 ml, the cumulative values of lateral displacement were 4.4 mm and 5.5 mm, which increased by 1.2 mm and 2.3 mm, respectively, with an increase of 37.50% and 71.88%, which indicated that the building construction should avoid the effect of the rainy season on the soil moisture content. With the analysis under the coaction model, the results show that the rate of foundation soil subsidence is increasing with the increase of floor loading. Under the analysis of the effects of different earthquake levels on different soil qualities, the interlayer displacement of clay 1 under 8 ∘ multiple and 8 ∘ rare earthquakes meets the requirements, so clay 1 meets the feasibility of building foundation engineering.

Afeto e cultura na construção política da Comunidade de Samba do Pagode da 27

This article aims to discuss the factors that drive and shape the political struggle of peripheral cultural collectives. To this end, it presents the results of my master’s research, completed in 2023. The ethnographic research was conducted with Pagode da 27, a samba community located in Grajaú, in the southernmost part of São Paulo. Contributing to the debate on peripheral cultural collectives and political agency in the peripheries of large Brazilian cities, the analysis reveals that the affective relationships among the members and their connection with the cultural practice of samba form the foundation of both community building and the political formation of the individuals and the collective. The research methodology involved observing the daily activities of the members and the practices related to the Pagode da 27 samba community, as well as conducting conversations, interviews, and analyzing the group’s songs.

Stress-strain state of high-rise building foundation when constructing a sheet-pile wall

In modern construction practice, when constructing deep pits in complex engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions, sheet-pile walls are often used in the form of a monolithic reinforced concrete wall in soil. Compared to otherstructural types of fences, the sheet-pile wall in the soil has a number of advantages, such as the possibility of its installation in almost any engineeringgeological and hydrogeological conditions of construction sites, reliable protection of the pit fromflooding during its high-quality performance of works, and increased rigidity. However, the construction of the sheet-pile wall in the soil of this type has a significant impact on the stress-strain state of the soil massif containing it, which negatively affects not only the surrounding buildings, which manifests itself in the form of its additional settlement, but also leads to uneven deformations of the soil massif at the base of slab foundations of highrise buildings, which are erected, increasing theirtilt.But if in recent years a number of works have been devoted to the study of the impact of the installation of a wall in the soil on the additional subsidence of buildings in the surrounding development, which made it possible to establish the regularitiesof their development and develop effective protective measures, then the effect of the wall in the soil on settlement and tilting, buildings that erected in pits has practically not been studied, and their correct assessment is especially important during the construction of high-rise buildings, the tilts of which are strictly limited by current regulatory documents.In view of this, as well as in connection with the volume of construction of high-rise buildings, which is constantly increasing, the implementation of studies aimed at studying the influence of a pit sheet-pile wall in the form of a monolithic reinforced concrete wall in a soil on the settlements and tilts of high-rise buildings on a slab foundation with the aim of increasing the accuracy of their calculation should be considered an actual geotechnical task.The degree of influence of the distance from the sheet-pile wall to the edge of the slab, the depth of the wall into the soil below the bottom of the pit, the contact conditions of the soil massif from the side of the pit with the surface of the fence (soil-concrete), the deformation characteristics of the base and the load on the average settlements and tilts ofhigh-rise buildings on slab foundations were studied.

Main aspects of constructing snow foundations for the new buildings of the Russian Vostok Station, East Antarctica

The present buildings of the Russian station Vostok (East Antarctica) began to operate in 1963 and have been under snow for many years. In connection with the extensive plans to study the subglacial Lake Vostok, it was decided to build a new wintering complex. Since there is a thick snow-firn layer in the construction area, the building of the complex requires solid foundations measuring 200×120 m. It was decided to build them by means of layer-by-layer snow compaction. Based on the approximate weight of the complex of 2500 tons, its operation time of about 30 years, and the estimated pressure of the station supports on the snow cover of 100 kPa, the foundations slab must have a density of at least 550 kg/m³, and the hardness of the coating of more than 0.5 MPa. In developing the methodology of constructing the slab for the new wintering complex, the method of layer-by-layer snow compaction was taken as the basis, developed for the construction of airfields on deep snow and suitable for taking heavy aircraft on wheeled landing gear. Experimental snow compaction was carried out using various caterpillar tracks, after which stamp tests of snow surfaces with different initial snow characteristics were performed. The bearing capacity of the foundations was assessed by calculating the vertical mechanical stresses on their lower surface, which are formed by the pressure of the station supports. The strength characteristics of the snow were assessed by direct measurements using the Brinell method and with the help of a mechanical press based on the samples taken and a penetrometer. Ultimately, the density of the snow layers in the upper part of the foundations reached 650 kg/m³. In addition to the base layer, 9 additional layers were formed. The first eight were formed in the summer of 2019/20, and the last one in January 2022. The total thickness of the foundations exceeded 3 metres. Upon their construction, the average surface excess relative to the natural snow cover was 210 cm. Based on the rate of snow accumulation, as well as the subsidence of the station supports and foundations into the snow mass, the foundations surface will equal the level of natural snow cover in approximately 30 years.

Reinventing Leadership for Sustainable Development in Africa: Student Perceptions of Leadership in Selected African Countries

Abstract In Africa,1 new forms of leadership have emerged at various social levels to drive a development agenda based on peer learning and knowledge sharing. Despite this, Africa remains confronted with many challenges on its path to sustained growth and development. This research sought to characterise leadership for sustainable development using students’ lenses. It is a multiple-case study informed by a purposive sample of 30 mba students from five business schools. The findings reveal, among other things, that rather than leadership that is embodied in a sole heroic individual, Africa needs diffuse, pluralistic, collective and facilitative leadership that promotes sustainable development. Leaders should demonstrate attributes of cooperation, understanding, pluralistic knowing and seeking union, as this aligns more closely with the work required to develop more sophisticated, encompassing and collaborative efforts. Leaders should have intimate knowledge of sustainable development, creating and sustaining relations, and accommodating the heterogeneity and diversity of localities and regions. The paper argues that the foundational building block for leaders is the ability to make decisions from a long-term perspective that leads Africa towards economic prosperity, social cohesion and environmental sustainability.

Utilising copper tailings as a sustainable alternative to conventional structural filling materials: LCA analysis

PurposeMine tailings are solid waste left after extracting the valuable fraction of the ore. This study reviewed the possibility of using copper-tailing waste to develop building foundations and compared its environmental implications with conventional sand foundations.Design/methodology/approachThis study first discusses the state-of-the-art use of copper tailings in various industries through a literature review. The study then uses the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to quantify and compare the environmental impacts generated by the conventional sand and tailing foundations for buildings by considering a 1 × 1 m foundation area. The study also assessed the environmental impacts of a real copper mine case of the Khetri Copper Complex in the state of Rajasthan, India, and conducted a sensitivity analysis to show the impact of transportation distance on environmental impacts using the Monte Carlo simulation technique.FindingsThe study results indicate that the building foundation developed using copper-tailing waste is environmentally beneficial compared to a sand foundation. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the transportation of tailings reduces the environmental benefits if transported over long distances; however, the utilisation is helpful for environmental sustainability. We further discussed the managerial and social implications of the results.Originality/valueThis study is a novel contribution highlighting the sequestration potential of copper tailing waste utilisation using midpoint and endpoint environmental impact categories.

EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE SOIL FOUNDATION MODEL OF LARGE-SIZE SLAB FOUNDATIONS OF MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS

In practice, the model of a linearly deformed layer of finite distribution capacity is the most widespread. The possibility of using this model for slab foundations should be confirmed by calculations with a scientific and technical justification of the accepted soil base model and its parameters. Based on observations of subsidence during the construction of a 16-story building on a slab foundation, the use of a model of the soil base in the form of a linearly deformed layer of finite distribution capacity and its parameters is demonstrated. A comparison of the measured and calculated values of the base deformation was made. The object of the study is the ground base and foundation of a 16-story residential building with an underground floor and a parking lot. During the construction, the subsidence of the building was monitored by the method of high-precision leveling of the II class. With the help of the SOFiSTiK software complex, modeling and calculation of the "foundation - foundation - building" system was performed. The soil base model is adopted as a linearly deformed layer of finite distributive capacity. The strength of the layer was limited by the size of the compressible layer. For the soil massif, the boundary conditions in the plan were adopted so that the influence of elm restrictions was minimal. The width of the model was initially set so that the distribution of compressive stresses along the depth was at an angle of distribution α=45º to the vertical from the edges of the loaded foundation. During further modeling, the distribution angle α was changed to 25º. The numerical calculation was performed using the finite element method, which is based on the solution of the theory of elasticity using the SOFiSTiK software calculation complex for the first and second groups of limit states. The possibility of applying the model of the soil base in the form of a linearly deformed layer of finite width for predicting the deformations of the building on a large-sized slab foundation based. It was established that the nature of the development of deformations determined by the calculation for the angles of distribution α=45º and α=25º is proportional to the nature of the development of subsidence determined during field observations. It has been demonstrated that the angle of distribution α=25º is optimal for modeling the soil massif of the foundation, ensuring the reliability of moment stress values.

Innovations in Cement Production: The Road to Sustainability and A Circular Economy

After water, cement is the most frequently used material on the planet, and the cement industry is critical to any country's economic prosperity. When mixed with water, it produces concrete, which serves as the foundation for buildings, roads, dams, and bridges. According to studies, the cement sector accounts for approximately 8% of global warming carbon dioxide emissions, far more than global carbon emissions from aviation, for example. In this context, the cement industry needs to implement major innovations to ensure sustainability, energy efficiency, and a lower carbon footprint. The scientific publication discusses the most current advances in cement manufacturing, with a focus on methods and technology for achieving sustainability and integrating the cement sector into the circular economy. The study examines the relationship between annual worldwide carbon dioxide emissions and annual global emissions from cement production. The correlation shows that carbon dioxide emissions from cement production have a significant impact on annual worldwide carbon dioxide emissions, emphasising the critical need to apply contemporary, sustainable solutions in this industry.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНО АРМИРОВАННОГО ОСНОВАНИЯ ПЛИТНОГО ФУНДАМЕНТА

The analysis of experimental and theoretical studies of reinforcement of soil foundations to create an artificial foundation on weak soils is given. The aim of the present work is to develop a design solution of a vertically reinforced base of a slab foundation of a multi-storey building. The study is carried out on the example of the design solution of reinforcement of the foundation of a real object. The novelty of the work consists in determining the optimal parameters of the reinforcement grid and the length of reinforcement of the soil mass to ensure the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of the slab foundation base. Numerical calculations were carried out by the finite element method using the PLAXIS 3 programme, using the Hardening Soil model, in accordance with the requirements of Eurocode 7. Reinforcement of the soil foundation with rigid vertical reinforcing elements increased the bearing capacity of the foundation and reduced the settlement by 2 times. The use of rolling equipment in the construction of bored vertical reinforcing elements is a promising and reliable method of ensuring the bearing capacity and deformability of the foundation, which significantly reduces the time and costs required for the creation of artificial foundations.

ТҰРҒЫН ҮЙЛЕРДІҢ ТЕМІРБЕТОН ҚҰРЫЛЫМДАРЫНЫҢ МОНИТОРИНГІ ЖӘНЕ ТАЛДАУ

A comprehensive study of the operational reliability of reinforced concrete structures of residential buildings includes an analysis of design documentation, inspection of the site, strength and deformation tests, and an assessment of the impact of the environment. This allows you to identify defects, determine the current condition and reliability of structures, and identify elements that require repair or replacement. The key aspects are the characteristics of the structures, expected operational loads and the impact of external factors. An integrated approach ensures a comprehensive assessment of the condition and reliability of reinforced concrete structures. A comprehensive survey of the technical condition of reinforced concrete structures (foundation and floor slabs) of a five-story residential building was carried out in accordance with SP RK 1.04.101-2012. It was found that the structures are in good condition, but some defects were identified that require compliance with the rules of technical operation. The conducted survey of the reinforced concrete structures of the five-story residential building made it possible to assess their technical condition. The foundation and floor slabs are in good condition, without serious defects. However, some minor defects have been identified, such as hairline cracks in the slabs, which do not affect the load- bearing capacity. To ensure the durability of the structures, compliance with technical operation rules is required.

Identifikasi Tampilan Visual Pada Arsitektur Vernakular di Rejang Lebong dan Lebong

The Rejang tribe is one of the tribes that has long inhabited areas in the Bengkulu Province and has spread across several regencies in the province. There are differences between the Rejang tribe in Lebong Regency and the Rejang tribe in Rejang Lebong Regency due to adaptation and cultural blending. This study identifies the differences in form characteristics in Rejang vernacular architecture in Lebong and Rejang Lebong Regencies, including roof shape, wall board arrangement, window types, door types, building materials, building colors, room dimensions, building orientation, and building foundations. Three samples of vernacular buildings from each region will be analyzed using the Descriptive Qualitative method based on non-numeric data. The results show that there are 5 differences and only 4 similarities in the physical characteristics of vernacular architecture in Lebong and Rejang Lebong Regencies.

Correlation Study of Shrinkage Expansion Potential of Clay Soil In PLTMH Cileunca, Pangalengan, Bandung, Indonesia

Mini Hydro Power Plants (MHPs) utilize the potential of water to generate electrical energy. However, construction on clay soils that have the potential to expand and contract can affect the stability of the structure. This study aims to evaluate the potential for soil development in the Cileunca MHP. The methods used to determine soil development potential include Chen (1988), Skempton (1953), and Seeds (1962) methods. Mineral identification was conducted through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) testing of soil samples taken by the handboring method. The results of the analysis showed that the Skempton method showed 67% of the samples had activity values > 0.75 (“high” category). The Chen method indicated 60% of the samples had a plasticity index (PI) > 35% (“very high” category). The Seeds method indicated 73% of the samples had a development potential > 25% (very high category). XRD testing indicated the dominant mineral was dehydrated Halloysite (Al2Si5(OH)4). The soil at the Cileunca MHP site has a high development potential that can damage building foundations. Foundation stability is strongly influenced by expansive soil properties, so soil stabilization treatment is needed to prevent structural damage. This study concludes that the soil at the Cileunca MHP site has a high development potential, which can cause structural problems. Therefore, soil stabilization treatment is highly recommended to ensure the stability of the building foundation

Quality Practice Teaching Experience in Cooperating Schools: Building Foundations for Effective Teacher Education

A study was conducted in the Tarlac City Schools Division, Philippines, to evaluate the practice teaching experiences of student interns in line with Republic Act No. 7722, known as the "Higher Education Act of 1994," which underscores the significance of quality pre-service teacher education in enhancing educational standards. The research aimed to assess the preparedness of student teachers by examining various factors including orientation activities, relationships with the school community, accessibility of practicum sites, and the quality of support services. The methodology involved descriptive analysis of orientation sessions conducted by supervisors and cooperating educators, which included familiarization with school facilities, rules, classroom routines, and instructional material development. Additionally, the study evaluated student interns' involvement in lesson planning and teaching demonstrations while identifying challenges through questionnaires, interviews, and portfolio reviews. Findings revealed that student interns rated their overall practice teaching experience as "Very Good" across multiple dimensions such as orientation activities and community engagement. The interns effectively utilized instructional materials and were acknowledged for their exceptional performance during their internships. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of practice teaching programs and contributes to the preparation of future educators in the Philippines, supporting the national objective of improving educational quality to meet global standards.

Underground structures and cultural layers XIX – beginning of XX century in 101 quarters of Samara

The article studied cultural layers and underground structures that were discovered during security and rescue archaeological excavations in the 101 quarter of Samara. The types of foundations of buildings of different ages were identified and an attempt was made to determine the stages of use of the territory for construction. Petrographic study of brick images is described. Natural weak soils were investigated in the territory of 101 quarters of Samara.

Disperse reinforcement of artificial base with glass waste

The article presents the results of laboratory stamp tests of sandy soils, the dispersed reinforcement of which was made with cullet waste in the form of crumbs. The tested soil samples had different densities and, accordingly, for each density, several options were made for the percentage of glass in the mass of the total volume. The purpose of the laboratory research was to obtain such a mechanical characteristic of the soil as the deformation modulus, which was subsequently compared with the same deformation modulus, but not of reinforced soil. The research results obtained showed the effectiveness of using glass chips as dispersed reinforcement of loose soils, which makes it possible to improve its strength properties and significantly save on the installation of artificial foundations for buildings or structures, as well as solve the issue of recycling glass waste and, accordingly, improve the environmental performance of the environment.

Study of the Correlation between Pressuremeter Limit Pressure and Dynamic Resistance obtained by the Dynamic Probing Super Heavy (DPSH) of the Sands of Lome in Togo

The design of building foundations relies on a good understanding of the bearing capacity of soils, which is determined by various in situ testing methods, such as pressuremeter and penetrometer tests. The pressuremeter test provides valuable information on the strength and deformability of soils at depth, while the dynamic cone penetrometer more easily assesses the dynamic resistance of the soil under dynamic loads. In this study, correlations were established between the dynamic resistance qd measured with the dynamic probing super heavy and the limit pressure pL obtained with the Menard pressuremeter. The data collected come from geotechnical investigations carried out on sandy soils of Lome in Togo. For these soils, the ratio is in the following interval: 8.27 ≤ qd/pL ≤ 9.74. Keywords: correlation, dynamic resistance, limit pressure, sand.