Foucault's Theory Research Articles

The Phenomenon of Difficult Enforcement in the Circuit Trial System in China from the Perspective of Power Operation

The phenomenon of "difficulty in enforcement" is prevalent in the judicial practice of China and poses similar challenges to circuit trials. This paper, based on Su Li's premise of the shifting local power dynamics in rural China, utilizes Foucault's theory of micro-power and Geertz's theory of local knowledge to explore how these misalignments in local power relationships affect the enforcement work in circuit trials in China, and provides suggestions on how to alleviate this issue. In the power relationship of enforcement within circuit trials, the relatively weaker state power struggles to support the compulsory execution of judgments, while the relatively stronger individual power resists the enforcement of judgments. This leads to a reliance on the recognition and cooperation of the judgment debtor, as well as the assistance of local power as a third party. However, the lack of local knowledge among judges makes it difficult for "legally sound but unreasonable" judgments to gain the recognition and cooperation of the parties involved, resulting in challenges to enforcement. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with local powers and other state agencies, seeking a multi-faceted approach.

Exploring the Different Interpretations of Shijing in Kongzi Shilun and Mao Poetry from Foucaults Notion of the Author Function

Foucault's notion of "Author Theory" was proposed after Barthes shouted that "the author is dead". Foucault believed that we should not only focus on the problem of the disappearance of the empty author, but also pay attention to the formal functions released with the disappearance of the author of the text, that is, the functional meaning of the author. Foucault's theory of "author function" has profound significance for modern literature, and also provides enlightenment for human research on early Chinese literature. Over the years, scholars have interpreted Shijing in many different ways. As one of the most respected interpretations of Shijing for more than 2,000 years, Mao Poetry represents the mainstream view of the academic community to a certain extent, and its historicized interpretation of poetry has a decisive influence in the literary world. Although Kongzi shilun has not been circulated in the world and was unearthed relatively late, its interpretation focusing on moral aspects has provided a new perspective for the academic community to understand poems. This article compares the interpretations of Shijing in Mao Poetry and Kongzi shilun, and explores the reasons for the different interpretations, namely the lack of the writing environment of Shijing, and combines with the two main ideological characteristics of the theory of "author function" to study the fluidity characteristics reflected in different interpretations of Shijing and the problem of "breaking a stanza off [from its context] to generate meaning" in the application of Shijing.

The Evolution and Integration of Life and Theory in Foucault's Work on Power.

The article is a response to Kaldybekov and his colleague's, 2024 paper about Foucault's theory on power. I argue that it is difficult to understand Foucault's theory of power without looking into his intellectual life and experiences, especially his war experiences. The objective of my study is to show that there is a connection between Foucault's ideas about power and his own lived life, and that he always has been critical of totalitarian theories although he seems influenced by Marxist theories, early in his career. In the paper I show how he deals with this dilemma by incorporating some of Nietzsche's ideas into his thinking. To illustrate the connection between Foucault's lived life and his theories about power, I take a particular point of departure in Foucault's lecture series on psychiatric power in the 1970s and an interview conducted by the Italian journalist Trombadori.

The Analysis of the Writer-Reader Relationship During the Postmodernism Period Based on Foucault's Panopticism Theory

In the postmodern era, the relationship between readers and authors has undergone significant changes. Specifically, the status of readers has risen relative to that of authors. To explore this issue, this paper will introduce Foucault's panopticism theory and analyze the changing power relationship between readers and authors based on this theory. In the analysis, this paper will explore the similar conditions between panopticism and the reader-writer relationship in the postmodernism era to follow a core logic of that those conditions based on the change of reader-writer relationship at that time, finally lead to some phenomena in terms of literature and its market, especially showing the authors' self-descipline. Besides, this paper will mention some literary works and the literary phenomenon of Meta-narrative from the postmodern era to help enrich the core logic. In conclusion, this paper will systematically analyze the factors leading to the changes in the reading and writing relationship during the postmodern period, how panopticism emerges within this relationship, the resultant self-discipline of authors, and the subsequent impacts of these dynamics.

Peran Pengetahuan dan Kekuasaan dalam Implementasi PTN-BH di Indonesia

<p><strong>Higher education institutions (HEIs) are establishments that offer education, instruction, research, and services across fields of science and technology. Autonomy, in management, categorizes state universities (PTNs) based on their structure. State universities with status (PTN-BH) hold the position in resource management within the campus hierarchy of state universities. This study adopts an approach incorporating a literature review methodology and analysis through Michel Foucault's theory on the interplay between power and knowledge. This study aims to understand how power shapes the identity and norms of universities and to analyze the dynamics of HEIs in the context of economic priorities and their implications for democracy.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>The findings indicate that power influences the regulation of knowledge creation presenting both challenges and opportunities for PTN-BH. Michel Foucault's theory underscores how power shapes university identities and norms. The evolution of PTN-BH signifies a transition towards prioritizing concerns, over welfare, impacting democratic ideals.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords –</em></strong> <em>Knowledge, Michel Foucault, Power, PTN-BH</em></p>

Biopolitical Strategies in Media Discourses: Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia, Germany, and France

The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of how media outlets in Russia, France, and Germany reported on events during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was carried out in three stages: comparing the actors of biopolitics, examining the ideologemes of biopolitics, and analyzing the spheres in which biopolitics were implemented. The theoretical and methodological framework of this study is grounded in Michel Foucault's theory of biopolitics, Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky's propaganda model, and Didier Bigo's concept of (in)securitization. Texts related to the COVID-19 pandemic were categorized into four «waves» (January 2020 – March 2022) and retrieved using the keywords «pandemic», «covid», and «coronavirus» from the archives of «Rossiyskaya Gazeta», «Kommersant», «Novaya Gazeta», «Le Figaro», «Le Monde», «Le Parisien», «Süddeutsche Zeitung», «Die Zeit», and «Die Tageszeitung». The total volume of analyzed material amounts to 67.62 million words. The results reveal that state power consistently emerges as a key subject of biopower and biopolitics across all the media studied, following Foucault's traditional framework of biopower subjects. This includes a focus on the actions and decisions of government officials and institutions. Additionally, the study found that all examined media outlets participated in promoting vaccination campaigns orchestrated by the governments of Russia, Germany, and France, indicating a widespread alignment with state-led biopolitical strategies.The analysis also shows that the insecuritization of public life during the pandemic affected various sectors including social relations, the economy, healthcare, and education. Media discourse in all three countries highlighted these areas of impact, often framing them within the broader context of public and existential security.Furthermore, the study identifies notable differences in how the media in each country portrayed biopolitical themes. In Russia, media coverage placed a strong emphasis on the central government's role, while in Germany, there was a more pronounced delineation between federal and regional authorities. In France, media outlets often focused on the personal leadership of President Emmanuel Macron. Despite these differences, there were shared themes across all three countries, such as the emphasis on the importance of vaccination and the portrayal of government measures as necessary for public safety.

Spatial Perspectives on Amelia's Changing Power

Carson McCullers writes about lonely people, and the themes of loneliness, isolation and alienation run through all of her work and are engraved in all aspects of her personal life. In one of her novels, there is a heroine called Amelia. Her house undergoes a series of changes, from a store to a café and to a closed mansion. At the same time, Amelia's power also changes as the space changes. This dynamic relationship of power is in part consistent with Foucault's theory of power. Therefore, this paper attempts to link space and power and further analyze the reasons behind Amelia's final tragedy.

Troubling dualisms: Understanding the creation and implementation of protective policies in elite women's sport

In today's political environment, questions of “fairness,” “protection,” and “woman” remain contentious topics, particularly in sport, and draw from different types of knowledges to support corresponding regulatory documents. Considering the heterogeneity of knowledge informing protection for (women) athletes, there remain questions around how to create (policy) guidelines, which ostensibly convey consensus on complex topics (e.g. female eligibility, trans eligibility, and athlete health). In this article, we draw from Anne Fausto-Sterling's “dueling dualisms” and Michel Foucault's theory of governmentality to examine what, how, and why specific ways of knowing make their way into written policies whereas others are left out or re-interpreted. To do so, we examine three International Olympic Committee (IOC) and World Athletics (WA) policy texts (i.e. the IOC's consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport [REDs] and WA's female and transgender eligibility policies) and interviews with IOC and WA experts. We find disconnects between expert knowledge, written texts, and anticipated policy implementations, despite the perception of consensus in written documents. These discrepancies especially manifest in the ideas of policies as both a scientific process and a felt experience, and controlled unfairness.

Absensi Elektronik dan Keterasingan Akademik di Perguruan Tinggi

This study aims to analyze the implementation of electronic attendance through fingerprinting as a disciplinary instrument for lecturers at IAIN Palopo. This research employs Michael Foucault's theory of power to reveal the model of power relations manifested through the fingerprint mechanism and its impact on lecturers. The methods used in this study include observation, interviews with lecturers, and document analysis. The findings indicate that every lecturer at IAIN Palopo is required to use fingerprint attendance every working day, even if they do not have a teaching schedule every day. This system creates two main mechanisms of power relations. First, hierarchical surveillance is conducted through attendance machines, CCTV, leadership, and the Monthly Lecturer Performance Sheets. Second, the mechanism of performance allowances is paid based on the monthly attendance recap. Surveillance through fingerprinting and CCTV allows the management to strictly monitor lecturers' attendance, ensuring discipline in terms of presence. However, although this system effectively increases attendance, some negative impacts have been identified. Lecturers become more focused on their physical presence rather than on other important tasks such as research and community service. This indicates that the power relations enforced through electronic attendance successfully create discipline in attendance but do not address other aspects of lecturers' duties. Thus, the implementation of electronic attendance through fingerprinting at IAIN Palopo reflects a complex form of power, where discipline is achieved through strict surveillance and financial incentives, but other important elements of academic performance are neglected. This study provides important insights into how technology can be used to regulate behavior in educational settings and the implications of such technology on various aspects of lecturers' performance.

Michel Foucault's Power Relations Theory on al-Maududi's Thought

Al Maududi stated that the responsibility for istikhlaf fi al-ardi in the sense of niyabah for God's formal function on earth, must be delegated to a devout believer, it is inappropriate for the responsibility of the caliphate to be given to a munafiq, fasiq and dhalim Muslim. Thus, this research has two objectives, namely first; analyzing al Maududi's thoughts which are reflected specifically in his work Tafhim Al-Qur‘an in Surah an-Nur verses 48-56, which describes the identification of hypocritical people and the criteria for mukhlisin Muslims. Second, to analyze Michel Foucault's social theory of power relations towards the analysis of the genealogical context between al- Maududi and the social context in which the interpretation was produced, so that the idea of al-Maududi's interpretation forms a discourse of knowledge and becomes the truth ideology of the fundamentalist group. This research is classified as qualitative research using the library research approach method. The methodology used is a study of tafsir tahlily based on analysis of primary data sources, namely the interpretation of Tafhim Al-Qur‘an in Surah an Nur verses 48-56. The results of this research conclude that the interpretive analysis used by al Maududi in the letter is classified as sharp and broad argumentative analysis. Tafsir Tafhim Al-Qur‘an has genealogical roots from the Turjuman Al-Qur‘an magazine and the Jamaat-i Islami party. This interpretation is written in two phases; namely the phases before and after the formation of Pakistan. From these two phases, no strikingly different interpretation patterns were found, because in these two phases, al-Maududi remained in a defeated position. Al Maududi's inner conflict struggles can be seen from how he interprets the term munafiq, which in fact Pakistan is a Muslim- majority country but uses a secular government system.

Foucault's Study of Power Theory -- A Textual Study Based on Discipline and Punishment

As the basic concept of political philosophy, power has the nature of absolutely dominating social operation. For a long time, political science and sociology have examined how it operates from a top-down perspective. With the development of grand narrative and the rise of structuralism, the theory of power also needs to be further updated to conform to the trend of postmodernism. Through his research on the development of prisons and other institutions, Foucault realized that the operation law of power was not inseparable from political governance as explained by traditional philosophy, but integrated into the lives of all people in an atomic way. In the modern era, the art of domination incorporates this microphysics and develops it into a technology that, unlike the oppressive domination of antiquity, interferes with People's Daily lives in a way that is controlled by the body. The key to this technology is discipline, which operates in institutions that alienate time and space, and also separate man's utility from his capacity to develop, making him part of the social machine. Foucault's micro-power theory may seem very different from the theory of right and Marxism, but it is used in the context of a contractual society, and its purpose is economic, without disconnection. Through micro-power, we can have a clearer understanding of modern state governance under capitalism.

Relasi Kuasa Pembebasan Lahan Pembangunan Bandara Dhoho Kediri di Desa Grogol Kecamatan Grogol Kabupaten Kediri

The development of Kediri Airport is a national strategic project built with the Government and Business Entity Cooperation (GBEC) scheme, the implementation of which is carried out by PT Gudang Garam through its subsidiary, PT Surya Dhoho Investama. This research analyses the problems related to land acquisition for the construction of Dhoho Kediri Airport in Grogol District, Kediri Regency using Michel Foucault's power relations theory. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. This research took place from April 2021 to December 2023. This research found that there are at least 4 parties involved in the land acquisition process, namely: the village and sub-district governments of Grogol, PT Gudang Garam, Tbk, the Kediri District Land Agency and also the people of Grogol Village. The land acquisition process shows that there are discourses from various parties circulating. The actors involved compete with each other to legitimise the existing power. This is in line with Michele Foucault's theory of power relations that power is a dimension of relations. Where relations and power cannot be separated from one another. In the process, 17 families in Grogol Village made demands to the buyer, PT Gudang Garam, through the Kediri District Court. However, the final solution was only a nominal increase in compensation that was not too significant. This happened because of the power relations involved in the land acquisition process. The discourse from the government that the development is useful for the public interest is considered the most efficient. It is very important that in the process of land acquisition for the public interest, the government or the buyer pays more attention to the affected community.

Analysing the Character Types and Power Relationships in Metaverse-Themed Movies from the Perspective of Discipline and Anti-discipline

ABSTRACT Since the end of 2021, the concept of “metaverse” has received widespread attention in academic field. Movie sector has long been exploring it prospectively and presenting it innovatively, resulting in the production of metaverse-themed movies. This type of movie has practical significance for the future metaverse thesis. “Character” is an important narrative sign of film composition. This paper starts with several meta-cosmic films, divides the types of characters in meta-cosmic films according to Foucault's theory of spatial power, and analyses their prototype indexes and formation reasons from the constitutive factors of the power relationship, thus explores the power relationship of various types of characters in the metaverse-themed films.

Critiques of Development using Foucault’s Discourse and Power Theory

Analyzing the modern development program through Michel Foucault's theory of discourse and power provides insights into its origins and shortcomings. This research aims to critique modern development theory in terms of Foucault’s theory of discourse and power. Development, and modern development theory as well as Escobar’s articles about the implementation of Foucault’s theory were studied. The research found that the discourse surrounding development serves as a means of exerting power and control, often driven by the interests of dominant nations. However, despite ambitious promises, development programs frequently fail to achieve meaningful progress due to the power dynamics and inequalities embedded in the modern development discourse which excludes local discourse. Applying Foucault's framework challenges universal claims and grand narratives, opening avenues for critical analysis and a post-modern understanding of development. This approach prompts a reevaluation of power dynamics, knowledge production, and discursive practices, aiming for context-specific approaches that address the diverse needs of underdeveloped nations.

To do justice to Foucault: Foucault and Derrida in couples therapy with Freud

This paper elaborates key factors in Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida’s long polemical argument over the question of madness. The paper focuses on Foucault’s consideration of a constitutive exclusion underlying the discourse of reason and unreason, as well as his insistence on that exclusion’s singular relationship with madness. This exclusion is then developed in psychoanalytic terms augmenting the constitutive gesture that Sigmund Freud attributed to the plurality of subjective structures elaborated in his metapsychology. The psychoanalytic determination of constitutive exclusion is posed as being situated at a privileged position that enables it to consolidate the polemic debate between Foucault and Derrida about madness. By doing so, the intersection of Foucault's theory of madness with Freud’s psychoanalysis is shown to be fruitful territory, epitomizing a hospitality to madness—thus, doing justice to Foucault in light of Derrida’s critique.

Effort of The Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu RI) in Preventing Vlack Campaign in the 2019 Election

This study aims to find out the efforts of the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu RI) in preventing black campaigns on social media in the 2019 Election. Bawaslu is a state institution that has the duty to monitoring the implementation of the campaign. In this context, campaign implementation is often filled with black campaign practices. A black campaign is a campaign that brings down political opponents by committing character assassination through spreading slander as well as fake news (hoax). This research wants to see what makes Bawaslu unable to be optimal in preventing black campaigns on social media. This research uses a qualitative approach and the type of research used is descriptive-analytical. The concepts used are participatory monitoring strategies and Michel Foucault's theory of power and knowledge. This research uses data collection techniques through interviews and literature studies in the form of books, news, and previous research journals that are relevant to this research. The results of the research show that there are determinant factors that make Bawaslu not optimal in preventing and supervising black campaigns on social media, such as the weak participatory supervision program made by Bawaslu. There is a power relationship that occurs between Bawaslu, social media and hoax. Because the presence and spread of hoax on social media is still stronger than the prevention efforts carried out by Bawaslu. This is because social media platforms have community standards which limit the movement and supervision of Bawaslu in dealing with hoax issues.

Environmentalism for Nature to Environmentalism for Profit

This research discusses the discourse related to the mining of andesite stone for the construction of the Bener Dam in Purworejo, Central Java, as part of the National Strategic Project. The discourse constructed among actors is highly diverse. The dominant discourse is led by the government, which views the use of the forest for environmentalism for profit, while local residents see the forest as environmentalism for nature. Michel Foucault's discourse theory on the production of knowledge and power underscores the discourses brought forth by the government, the community, and NGOs. Meanwhile, Anja Nygren's concept of environmental discourse complements the various discourses that have emerged. The objective of this research is to observe the dynamics and discourse constructed by pro and contra actors regarding the construction of the Bener Dam. The research utilizes both primary and secondary data, with primary data obtained through direct interviews with sources such as Indonesian Forum for the Environment of Yogyakarta, Community Movement for Environmental Care in Wadas Village (GEMPADEWA), and Legal Aid Institute of Yogyakarta. The conclusion drawn from this research is that the dominant discourse constructed by the government can influence public opinion, especially through negotiations that lead to mutually beneficial agreements.

BODY DISCIPLINE IN THE MOVIE “TURNING RED”: FOUCALDIAN DISCOURSE

This research explores the concept of body discipline and its implications in the movie "Turning Red," focusing on the character Meilin Lee and her portrayal of female regulation. The research method used in this study is qualitative research. Specifically, the study uses descriptive research, primarily focusing on describing the main character's characteristics. For data collection, the researchers watched the movie Turning Red repeatedly and highlighted the issue related to the research problem through dialogues and scenes. Meanwhile, in analyzing the data, the researchers classified and analyzed the types of body discipline and impact on Meilin Lee through the lens of Foucault's theory. The analysis reveals that family and social space significantly influence the constraints imposed on the main character, depicted as the Red Panda, transforming her behavior, resulting in anger or frustration, shock, and eventually acceptance. Through this research, the movie "Turning Red" serves as a platform to explore and highlight the effects of body discipline on individuals, particularly in the context of female regulation.

Discourse, Power, and the Body A Study of Postcolonialism in the Works of J.M. Coetzee

J.M. Coetzee, one of the most esteemed authors in the English-speaking world today, exhibited clear postcolonial tendencies in his early works. In his later writings, he gradually shifted his focus away from the South African context to explore themes such as rewriting classics, marginalized communities, and immigration. This paper, rooted in Foucault's theory of discourse-power and theories of the body, examines Coetzee's reflections and critiques of the discourse-power relationship and social disciplinary practices in his works. Furthermore, drawing from postcolonial scholars like Homi Bhabha, the paper investigates the consistent central-peripheral colonial geometric relationships in Coetzee's works and summarizes the strategies of "appropriation" and "mimicry" as means to challenge and subvert these power dynamics.

Shedding Light on Fashion Industry: An Analysis of "The Devil Wears Prada"

This essay delves into the complexities of the fashion industry as portrayed in the movie The Devil Wears Prada (2006), directed by David Frankel. Through analyzing power dynamics, the gaze, and societal pressures, the essay explores the journey of Andy Sachs, an aspiring journalist navigating the world of fashion journalism under the formidable editor-in-chief, Miranda Priestly. Theoretical frameworks, including Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze," Michel Foucault's power theory, and Pierre Bourdieu's cultural capital, enrich the understanding of the film's themes. "The Devil Wears Prada" offers a critical examination of the fashion industry's glamorous facade and its impact on individuals, prompting discussions about societal values and body positivity. While acknowledging the film's limitations as fictional, the essay highlights the fashion industry's evolving commitment to inclusivity, particularly in expanding clothes sizes. Ultimately, the movie serves as a timeless reference point for discussions on ambition and authenticity amidst societal pressures in the fashion world.