Foster Inclusion Research Articles

Examining the Interplay of Global Public Investment, Fiscal Sustainability, and Economic Dynamics: A Comprehensive Analysis

This study searches the intricate relationship between public investment, fiscal sustainability, and economic dynamics, exploring their connections, theoretical foundations, empirical evidence, and policy implications. It highlights the central role of strategic public investment in driving economic growth, maintaining stability, and fostering inclusive development, examining various theoretical perspectives such as neo-classical growth theory, Keynesian economics, endogenous growth theory, new institutional economics, and political economy perspectives to understand how public investment shapes economic outcomes. By synthesizing empirical evidence, the analysis demonstrates the positive association between public investment and critical economic indicators like growth, fiscal sustainability, productivity, and employment. It emphasizes the importance of targeted public investment in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and innovation in promoting economic prosperity and societal advancement. Moreover, drawing on case studies from diverse regions, the study provides insights into effective strategies for public investment and infrastructure development, highlighting their impacts and challenges. Policy recommendations stemming from the findings advocate for a holistic approach that includes strategic investment, fiscal responsibility, efficiency enhancement, inclusivity promotion, and international cooperation. These recommendations underscore the need to align public investment strategies with national development priorities, ensure fiscal sustainability through prudent management, enhance investment efficiency, foster inclusivity, and leverage global partnerships to tackle common challenges. By adopting these recommendations, policymakers can pave the way for sustainable development and prosperity, ensuring that public investment acts as a driver for positive economic and social change.

E-Government Development: Catalysing Agile Governance Transformation in Indonesia

E-government is considered a crucial instrument for service transformation as it is believed to assist in achieving the government’s objectives by functioning as a flexible digital service platform for development. Nevertheless, our understanding of its potential impact on governance remains limited, particularly regarding the advancements made in digital-based services for the public sector inside government and the resulting level of public satisfaction. This study examines the crucial significance of e-government in the restructuring of agile governance in Indonesia. Qualitative research methods are employed for this research. Data related to the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) are collected through the United Nations website. After successfully retrieving the data and presenting it in a suitable format, the authors analysed Indonesia’s overall EGDI score and examined individual EGDI indicator levels. The findings show that the Indonesian government has accelerated the implementation of e-government, catalysing the digitalisation of governance and improving efficiency, transparency and public engagement. The report asserts that e-government can revolutionise governance in Indonesia, rendering it more agile and responsive. Nevertheless, a requirement remains to enhance and augment the e-government infrastructure and implement policies that foster digital inclusivity to bolster Indonesia’s governance capabilities. By bolstering e-governance, the government will enhance its efficacy in addressing forthcoming crises and augment citizen participation in policy formulation.

Inclusiveness in mental health research: a survey of attitudes, awareness, and actions among journal editors.

Background: Improving inclusiveness in mental health research merits attention as we seek to reduce inequalities in mental health. Academic journals can promote inclusiveness through editorial practices related to the selection of content and the composition of journal editorial boards. Objectives: To investigate the attitudes, awareness, and actions of journal editors con-cerning inclusiveness in mental health research and editorial practices. Methods: We surveyed 74 chief and senior editors, representing 55 prominent journals in neuroscience, psychiatry, and psychology (2021 impact factor M = 8.04, SD = 10.76). Results: Most respondents (74–99%) acknowledged the importance of inclusiveness in mental health research, and a majority (62–78%) were familiar with existing guide-lines. Half or fewer of the journals (49–50%) had policies for selecting content that is diverse, and 20% had policies regarding inclusion of individuals with lived experi-ence of mental health challenges. Well over half the journals (57–72%) had policies to widen diversity among their editorial boards and roughly half (43–53%) among peer reviewers, although only a few (18–23%) included among their editors or peer review-ers individuals with lived experience of dealing with mental health challenges. Conclusions: This study highlighted an intention-action gap, with positive attitudes and awareness but limited editorial practices promoting inclusiveness in mental health research. Inclusion of individuals with lived experience emerged as an area in particular need of improvement. We discuss potential strategies that journals might consider to foster inclusiveness, such as diversity training, publication checklists, and infrastructure that supports participatory approaches.

Technologies to Support Adaptable Game Design: A Systematic Mapping Study

Designing games accessible and inclusive to a broader audience requires considering social, technical, and cultural aspects that recognize the diversity of the target audience. One strategy to foster inclusion is through adaptability, allowing games to be adapted based on the needs of their users. In this context, a Systematic Mapping Study was conducted to identify and document existing studies focusing on the adaptation of digital games. Aiming at creating a structured and wide panorama of the scientific literature, this paper draws on the 5W2H Framework to answer the following research questions: (1) What game characteristics are being adapted? (2) Why is it being adapted? (3) For whom is it being adapted? (4) When does the adaptation occur? (5) Who is carrying out the adaptation? (6) What technologies are present? (7) Where are the technologies used? (8) How were the technologies evaluated? (9) What was evaluated? (10) Who evaluated? and (11) What theories and methodologies support the study? Beyond presenting the current state-of-the-art in digital game adaptation, the mapping study highlights a prevailing trend in research on adaptive systems. Notably, Patients and Health Professionals emerge as the primary target audience, although many studies did not specify their target audience. The results also indicate that the evaluation of technologies commonly employs Proof of Concept, Experiment, and Case Studies, with Patients and Students frequently considered as the target audience, albeit as secondary participants in the adaptation and evaluation processes. Finally, the findings reveal that most papers lack explicit grounding in a theoretical or methodological foundation, suggesting the need for further investigation.

Why a strategic shift in action is needed to recognise and empower Indigenous plant pathology knowledge and research

Plant pathology researchers play a pivotal role in thought leadership and its translation to action regarding the recognition and demonstration of the value of Indigenous knowledge and science. For many scientists, navigating the space of Indigenous rights and perspectives is challenging. In pursuit of a cultural shift in research and development within the field of plant pathology, the 2019–2021 Management Committee of the Australasian Plant Pathology Society (APPS) undertook a review and modernization of the Society’s Constitution. The aim was to ensure its alignment with principles that foster inclusivity of Indigenous peoples in the development and implementation of relevant research projects impacting their communities. Additionally, a dynamic repository of guidelines and resources was compiled. These resources are designed to assist plant pathologists, while respecting and not superseding the guidance provided by local Indigenous researchers, practitioners, and advisors. The collective efforts of plant pathologists hold immense potential in championing Indigenous Peoples and their rights, steering the field toward a more inclusive and equitable future. This paper builds upon the thesis presented in the APPS Presidential Address at the Biennial APPS Conference in 2021, held virtually in lutruwita (Tasmania) on the unceded lands of the Palawa people. It underscores the potential impact when plant pathologists unite in advocating for Indigenous Peoples and their rightful place within the field.

Gender-Ambiguous Voices and Social Disfluency.

Recently, gender-ambiguous (nonbinary) voices have been added to voice assistants to combat gender stereotypes and foster inclusion. However, if people react negatively to such voices, these laudable efforts may be counterproductive. In five preregistered studies (N = 3,684 adult participants) we found that people do react negatively, rating products described by narrators with gender-ambiguous voices less favorably than when they are described by clearly male or female narrators. The voices create a feeling of unease, or social disfluency, that affects evaluations of the products being described. These effects are best explained by low familiarity with voices that sound ambiguous. Thus, initial negative reactions can be overcome with more exposure.

Conceptualization and critical dimensions of inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems

While the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems has famously been capturing the holistic view of entrepreneurial development, the question of how entrepreneurial ecosystems can specifically foster inclusiveness and advance toward sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations is still an underexplored area of research. Despite the fact that scholars have shown a growing interest in defining and measuring entrepreneurial ecosystems, this is still a neglected area of research in the context of marginalized communities. Previously the effectiveness of entrepreneurial ecosystems has largely been focused on aligning skills with opportunities, providing equal accessibility to available geographical resources, and supporting social networks with favourable policies. However, few studies explain social, economic and geographical issues faced by marginalized communities within the debate of entrepreneurial ecosystem. By critically analyzing the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems, this paper conceptualizes the new construct of inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems and their related dimensions. At the interface research, scholars will create unique positioning by using theoretical advancement. Moreover, policy-makers could align their strategic goals with the purposed inclusive dimensions that transform the socio-economic conditions of marginalized communities.

Experience of people living with leprosy at leprosy settlements in Nigeria

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Nigeria achieved the national leprosy elimination target of less than 1/10,000 population in 1998, factors such as culture, behavioural patterns and social determinants, among others, continue to contribute to an increase in leprosy cases and a poor state of living for individuals with leprosy in Nigeria. This study delves into the experiences of individuals residing in leprosy settlements in Nigeria.MethodsThis study employed a community‐based cross‐sectional design, utilizing a concurrent mixed‐methods approach for comprehensive data collection. Questionnaires, focus groups and interviews are conducted simultaneously. The research involves participants from seven leprosy communities across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones and Federal Capital Territory. Qualitative methods, including 14 focus group discussions and 6 key informant interviews, are complemented by quantitative questionnaires, engaging residents, leaders and nongovernmental organization (NGO) representatives. Respondents comprised 35 leprosy patients, 21 family members, 7 community leaders, 7 settlement officers and 2 organizational heads involved in leprosy control.ResultsThe results indicate significant access to healthcare (93.7%) and interest in self‐care practices (95.2%), with a considerable proportion (74.6%) receiving free healthcare. Interview data underscore the limited government support, with NGOs and partners assuming a more substantial role. Qualitative insights from persons living with leprosy highlight financial struggles, stigmatization and substandard living conditions in settlements, exacerbated by limited government funding. This reliance on private and NGOs is further compounded by declining funding, hindering individuals’ ability to start businesses and provide self‐care.ConclusionThis study underscores the pressing need for increased government support, funding and better living conditions for individuals affected by leprosy in Nigeria. It highlights the significance of education, awareness campaigns and human rights promotion to combat stigma and enhance the quality of life for those living with leprosy. Moreover, the study advocates for the reintegration of affected individuals into their communities to foster societal inclusion and well‐being.

Racial and Gender Inequality as a (Non)Crisis: The Discursive Strategies of Academic-Managers in Belgian and Danish universities

This study investigates academic-managers’ understanding of gender and racial inequality in Belgian and Danish universities. Employing Sylvia Walby’s and Janet Roitman’s crisis concept, findings show that academic-managers use three discursive strategies of justification that are inherently tied to a noncrisis narrative. By justifying gender and racial inequality as a) ‘normal’ in academia through a meritocratic-neoliberal approach, b) considering it a matter that needs to be resolved ‘higher up’, and c) using a politics of time to relegate inequality to the past and equality to the future, they exempt themselves from dealing with gender and racial inequality. Crisis talk appears when gender inequality may harm the institution’s reputation. We conclude by advocating for a shift from a language of diversity to a language of crisis. Framing gender and racial inequality as a crisis evokes a sense of urgency to foster inclusion and diversity in research and innovation.

Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion (Dei) Quotient in The Age of Crispr-Cas 9: A Speculative Spectrum of Argumentation

The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology has sparked a complex discourse on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). While it could potentially eradicate genetic disorders affecting marginalized groups, concerns arise regarding ethical implications, eugenics, exacerbating biases, and socioeconomic divides. One salient aspect of this discourse pertains to the ethical considerations surrounding using CRISPR-Cas9 for germline editing, which could theoretically eradicate genetic disorders disproportionately affecting specific populations. Proponents argue it could foster inclusivity through personalized therapies for underrepresented populations, though met with skepticism. This revolutionary tool necessitates critically examining its ethical, socioeconomic, and governance ramifications.

CONCEPTUALIZING FINTECH INNOVATIONS AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN AND U.S. INITIATIVES

This review paper explores the transformative role of fintech innovations in enhancing financial inclusion across Africa and the U.S., offering a comparative analysis of initiatives, challenges, and opportunities within these diverse economic landscapes. It highlights how mobile money, digital banking, and blockchain technologies have significantly increased access to financial services, addressing the traditional barriers faced by the unbanked and underbanked populations. Despite the potential of fintech to foster inclusivity, the paper identifies common obstacles such as regulatory hurdles, digital literacy, and infrastructure limitations, providing a nuanced understanding of the fintech ecosystem. Policy recommendations are offered to guide policymakers, financial institutions, and fintech companies in creating an environment conducive to financial inclusion. The paper emphasizes the importance of innovative technologies in bridging financial gaps, suggesting areas for future research to continue advancing fintech and financial inclusion discourse.
 Keywords: Fintech Innovations, Financial Inclusion, Regulatory Challenges, Comparative Analysis.

Global perspectives: library professionals' views on multimedia books in airlines

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the potential impact and passenger perceptions of integrating multimedia books within airline services, aiming to elucidate the evolving landscape of in-flight entertainment and reading experiences.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research methodology was used, using a structured questionnaire distributed to presenters at the International Federation of Library Associations.FindingsAnalysis revealed varying passenger interest in multimedia books, with approximately 57.7% displaying engagement, while 40.4% demonstrated limited interest or none. However, a notable majority (60.6%) preferred multimedia books over traditional print books during flights. Furthermore, 90.4% perceived a positive impact of multimedia books on flight reading experiences, leading to increased satisfaction (81.7%) and a high likelihood of recommending airlines offering such content (91.3%).Research limitations/implicationsThe study's limitations include a specific focus on International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) World Library and Information Congress (WLIC) presenters, potentially limiting broader generalisations. Further research might explore the preferences of a wider demographic range and incorporate qualitative aspects to deepen understanding. Airlines could leverage multimedia books to enhance passenger satisfaction, attract diverse audiences and foster cultural inclusivity within in-flight entertainment.Originality/valueThis study contributes insights into the evolving landscape of in-flight entertainment, emphasising the significant potential and positive impact of integrating multimedia books within airline services. It underscores the importance of catering to diverse passenger preferences and enhancing overall satisfaction during air travel.

Developing a Cross-Cultural Competence Scale for Pre-Service Teachers: A Filipino Case Study

As classrooms grow increasingly diverse, cross-cultural competence (CCC) becomes imperative for pre-service teachers to create inclusive, equitable learning environments. Hence, this study focuses on developing a cross-cultural competence scale specifically for pre-service teachers that highlights the dynamic nature of education and the need to foster inclusivity amid increasing classroom diversity, aiming to address gaps concerning assessment tools dedicated explicitly for pre-service teachers. Exploratory factor analysis of an initial 29-item scale assessing knowledge, teaching flexibility, willingness to engage students, and cultural empathy administered to 109 Filipino pre-service teachers' responses ultimately yielded a 22-item, two-factor structure with sound psychometric properties: "Attitudes Toward Culturally Diverse Students" and "Cultural Knowledge and Teaching Flexibility." The factors align well with the conceptual domains of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning. This research significantly contributes a contextualized CCC instrument that enhances multicultural education and evaluates pre-service teachers' readiness for diverse classrooms, aligning with the educational dynamic imperative. In summary, this research makes an invaluable contribution to teacher training and multicultural education by developing a targeted and rigorously validated assessment tool.

Smart cities for a sustainable Arctic? Introducing critical debate

ABSTRACT The ‘smart city’ has received growing attention as a concept that could play an essential role in the sustainability of the Arctic. Today, the idea is associated with information and communication technology (ICT) when used in urban areas to improve quality of life, offer more efficient and effective use of cities’ infrastructures, foster social inclusion, and mitigate environmental harm. However, the relationship between smart cities and Arctic sustainability remains ambiguous, especially from perspectives beyond those of techno-optimism. Our aim in this paper is to critically discuss the value of smart city concept for Arctic cities, from an urban dynamic perspective. To this end, this paper reflects on how the sustainability of Arctic cities can be challenged by urban dynamics in metrics for (1) smart city development, (2) politics and bureaucratization, and (3) the role of citizens. The paper has several implications for academia, practitioners, and policymakers: for the former, it advances an alternative debate to explore the complex relations between smart city development and Arctic sustainability; for practitioners and policymakers, it indicates the problematic but often hidden side of smart city development, stressing the need to carefully translate the concept and its promises to fit the unique Arctic context.

The opportunity for e-mental health to overcome stigma and discrimination

IntroductionMany with mental illness do not seek treatment, often due to stigma; be it public, self, or institutional type. To improve outcomes, stigma needs addressing.ObjectivesUnderstand the opportunity for e-mental health to help overcome stigma and, to provide an expert opinion to foster its adoption.MethodsWe conducted literature searches using the terms ((mental health) AND ((stigma) OR (discrimination))) AND (((((digital tools) OR (digital services)) OR (healthcare apps)) OR (digital solutions)) OR (digital technology)), limited to 2007 – 2023, identifying 223 citations, 9 of which were relevant for this evaluation, including 4 systematic reviews ( Table 1).ResultsLiterature reports suggest that e-mental health may be useful for addressing stigma and reducing the treatment gap. While it was not consistently as good as face-to-face services, e-mental health tools were frequently shown to be effective in reducing stigma, improving mental health literacy, and increasing help-seeking behaviors. Tools included web-based breathing, meditation, and CBT; suicide prevention apps; and online videos and games. Experts from a 2022 global Think Tank session convened by eMHIC, opined and emphasised that embracing e-mental health must not leave people behind nor reinforce inequality and that structural barriers must first be acknowledged and overcome. Creating a shared understanding of the challenge and of terminology is essential, as is codesigning any solution together with people with lived experience. Table 1.Systematic literature reviewsStudyInterventionsFindingsSLR + meta-analysis, 9 studies, n=1916 (Goh et al. Int J Ment Health Nu 2021;30:1040–1056)-Web-based program-MIDonline-AboutFace-BluePages-MoodGYM-MHFA eLearning-Beyond SilenceOnline vs offline: similarly effective for reducing public stigmaSLR, healthcare setting (Pospos,et al. Acad Psychiatry 2018;42:109–120)-Breath2Relax-Headspace-Meditation Audios-MoodGYM-Stress Gym-Virtual Hope Box-Stay AliveIdentified tools provide a starting point to mitigate burnout, depression, and suicidalitySLR, 13 interventions for stigma (Johnson, et al. Indian J Psychol Med 2021;44:332–340)-Web-based, psychoeducation interventions-Online games-Mobile appMost interventions increased help-seeking SLR + meta-analysis, 9 RCTs, n=1832 (Rodriguez-Rivas, et al. JMIR Serious Games. 2022; 10:e35099)-Video games-Virtual reality-Videoconferencing and online chatInterventions had a consistent effect on reducing public stigmaConclusionsPublished data suggest that e-mental health is promising to reduce stigma and discrimination, with the potential to foster help-seeking and treatment engagement. Adoption requires attention to derailers and must foster inclusivity. There is an imperative to adopt e-mental health, especially evidence-based solutions.Disclosure of InterestK. Subramaniam Employee of: Employee of Viatris, A. Greenshaw: None Declared, A. Thapliyal: None Declared

Social Inclusion and Empowerment: Developing Local Potential in Bahu Palawa Village of Pulang Pisau Regency of Central Kalimantan Province

Government policy on village funds seeks to encourage village independence. Village independence can focus on development based on local potential. Studies on local potential-based village development have not yet explored the issues of social inclusion and community empowerment. This research analyzes the approach to social inclusion and community empowerment in developing local potential in Bahu Palawa Village. Social inclusion and community empowerment are important to study because these two aspects play a role in fostering more equitable, participatory, and sustainable development. This study uses Bennett’s theoretical framework (2003) regarding social inclusion and community empowerment. This study uses a qualitative approach using three data collection techniques: observation, in-depth interviews, and document and literature study. Research findings show that the Bahu Palawa Village Government has tried to foster social inclusion and community empowerment in developing local potential. Social inclusion and community empowerment have not been running optimally due to a lack of access to basic services, awareness and knowledge, limited infrastructure, economic inequality, and the ineffectiveness of community empowerment programs. This condition inhibits citizen participation and prevents them from being fully involved in village development. In conclusion, developing local potential requires holistic social inclusion and empowerment development. This can be done through collaboration with a focus on increasing local capacity.

Exploring the Nexus of Visual Impairment, Social Interaction and Relationships among Higher Education Students

Objective: Social interaction and relationships are the real assets for students with visual impairment to grow in their matrixes. This study aimed at seeking the impact of visual impairment on social interaction and relationships. Methodology: This study was quantitative and descriptive. The sample of the study (N=39) was the students with visual impairment from various colleges and universities of the Lahore district. A convenient sampling technique was used in this study. The instrument for this study was a self-developed structured questionnaire. After the completion of the data collection process, the data was analyzed through SPSS version 25 through frequency distribution and descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results of the study revealed a nexus between visual impairment and the relationships with family and friends of students with visual impairment. Moreover, students with visual impairments often feel excluded from social activities and events because of their visual impairment. Implications: The study recommends that higher educational institutes should enhance awareness of the accessibility needs of visually impaired students in social settings to foster inclusivity and understanding.

Implementasi Program Keberagaman Dalam Mengembangkan Akhlak Karimah Peserta Didik

This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method to examine the implementation of diversity programmes in developing the moral character of students within Islamic education contexts. The study aims to explore how diversity initiatives can be effectively integrated into educational curricula and extracurricular activities to foster inclusivity and respect for differences among students. By analysing various primary and secondary sources, including books, journals, and scholarly articles, the research identifies key themes and challenges associated with implementing these programmes. The findings are intended to provide comprehensive insights into the effectiveness of diversity programmes in enhancing students' moral character and offer recommendations for educators and policymakers on best practices. This approach allows for an in-depth understanding of how Islamic values can be incorporated into educational strategies to promote a more inclusive and ethically grounded learning environment. The study contributes valuable perspectives on the role of diversity in moral development within the framework of Islamic education.

O ANALIZĂ A UNOR LUCRĂRI DE REFERINȚĂ PRIVIND CONSECINȚELE STEREOTIPURILOR ȘI PREJUDECĂȚILOR LEGATE DE VÂRSTNIC

As individuals age, they face increasing vulnerability, compounded by negative stereotypes associated with aging and perceived health decline, contributing to an overall negative perception of old age (Bugental și Hehman, 2007). This systematic review investigates the consequences of age-related stereotypes and prejudices over a 10-year period (2010–2020). Analyzing specialized literature, it uncovers evidence on how stereotypes impact mental health, performance, memory, driving skills, and sexual activity, significantly affecting well-being, cognitive decline, and exerting notable neurological impacts. This study explores implications at individual and organizational levels, emphasizing the integration of older individuals into diverse groups for enhanced well-being and increased productivity. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of challenging stereotypes, promoting positive aging narratives, and implementing targeted interventions, such as educational programs and intergenerational interactions, to foster inclusivity and combat ageism in society. Acknowledging and addressing these issues can contribute to creating a more respectful, supportive, and age-friendly environment.

Present Challenges in Indian Politics: An Overview

Indian politics faces a myriad of challenges in the contemporary era, which significantly impact the world's largest democracy. This overview highlights key issues that challenge the political landscape of India. Corruption remains a persistent issue, eroding public trust and hindering development. Political polarization is on the rise, fueled by religious and ideological differences, endangering social harmony. Economic inequality persists, with a vast wealth gap affecting millions. Regionalism continues to strain federal relations, posing threats to national unity. Inadequate governance and bureaucratic inefficiencies hinder progress, while populism often takes precedence over pragmatic policymaking. Electoral reforms are needed to address issues like money power and criminalization in politics. These challenges, while daunting, also present opportunities for India to strengthen its democratic institutions, foster inclusivity, and embark on a path of sustainable development. Solving these challenges will be pivotal in ensuring a brighter future for Indian politics and the nation as a whole.