Fossil Raw Materials Research Articles

Techno-economic barriers of an industrial-scale methanol CCU-plant

Global anthropogenic CO2 emissions are expected to peak to 40 Gt in 2020. If these emissions are not mitigated climate change and global warming will further aggregate. Meanwhile, demand for products and fuels produced from fossil raw materials are increasing. CO2, however, can be considered as feedstock for certain materials and processes. If CO2 is catalytically synthesised with H2 it can form a variety of hydrocarbons, such as methane, methanol (MeOH), higher alcohols, and liquid fuels. In this paper, a simulation model of a MeOH plant using CO2 and H2 as feedstock was developed in Aspen Plus™. This is the first plant studied at an industrial-scale comparable with fossil MeOH plant units. The plant produces 5 kt chemical-grade MeOH daily that can be used as raw material for the chemical industry or as a fuel. The kinetic model, considering both CO and CO2 as the source of carbon, accomplished high overall CO2 conversion rate and close to stoichiometric raw material utilisation. Under the current market conditions, the MeOH plant is not feasible even at this scale. The most significant cost parameter making the plant non-viable is attributed to the high cost of H2 produced by water electrolysis. A series of sensitivity analyses revealed that co-selling of O2 by-product from the electrolyser and lowering the H2 cost price have a significant factor in achieving a more competitive levelised cost of MeOH. These economic results are analysed in-depth with previous studies to reveal the effect of different economic assumptions.

Bioeconomic transition?: Projecting consumption‐based biomass and fossil material flows to 2050

AbstractCountries are responding to unsustainable resource extraction, rising emissions, and increasing waste streams by implementing national bioeconomy strategies. Assuming that the purpose of a bioeconomy is to replace fossil use by biogenic resource use, we estimate biomass and fossil raw material consumption (RMC) by applying multiregional input–output methodology for middle and high income countries. Next, we use a panel fixed effects model to explain RMC with economically active population, urban population, GDP, land cover, and fossil/biomass domestic material consumption. With this model, we project RMC under five Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios up to 2050. The projections show an increase in per capita biomass RMC between 2010 and 2050, accompanied by—in many cases pronounced—per capita growth of fossil RMC across most of the countries and scenarios. We conclude that, if GDP continues to drive fossil RMC at its current magnitude, upcoming conditions are likely to counteract a potential bioeconomic transition and increase, instead of decrease, fossil RMC. Thus, increasing biomass use will not necessarily lead to reduced fossil resource consumption. When considering the relative scarcity of biomass, land and water, more focus needs to be placed on the relevance of technological bio‐based innovations in the reconfiguration of RMC drivers.

Fixing long-term price paths for fossil energy – the optimal incentive for limiting global warming

Neither a gradually rising carbon tax nor emission trading schemes can ensure that the costs of emitting greenhouse gases, in particular CO2, will steadily rise faster than the general price level. If, e.g., global fossil energy prices decline faster than a carbon tax or the emission permit price rises, then the final good and its use become cheaper. Since the prices of fossil energy as well as CO2 emission permit prices belong to the most unstable prices in the global economy, carbon taxes and trading schemes cannot anchor the long-term expectation that the effective emission costs for firms and households will rise continuously. Such an expectation, however, is a prerequisite for steadily growing investment in energy efficiency and/or renewable energy because the profits from such investments consist of the saved fossil energy costs (“opportunity profits”). This paper presents an alternative approach: The EU sets a path of steadily rising prices of crude oil, coal and natural gas by skimming off the difference between the EU target price and the respective world market price through a monthly adjusted quantity tax. Instead of the prices of fossil raw materials, the (implicit) quantity tax should fluctuate. In this way, the uncertainty about future price developments of crude oil, coal and natural gas and, hence, of the effective emission costs would be eliminated. Firms and households could calculate the profitability of investments in avoiding carbon emissions. At the same time, such a tax would ensure a uniform European carbon price in all sectors, provided the initial level of the price paths of crude oil, coal and natural gas account for the different CO2 intensities of these types of fossil energy. Given the size of the EU import bill for fossil energy, the amount of potential receipts of such an implicit and flexible CO2 tax would be (very) huge.

RECYCLING OF POLYMER WASTE IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPING CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Abstract The paper deals with the problem of recycling and a review of the problem field of handling polymeric materials is carried out, on the basis of which commonality for the European space of their disposal and recycling problems is shown. Ways of solving them are identified and the leading dynamics of European approaches to waste management compared to national ones are revealed. It is shown that the tempos of formation of polymeric wastes practically coincide with the tempos of their processing, which indicates an increase in the technogenic load on the environment as a result of the continued influx of polymeric materials into it. The structure and species priorities of polymeric wastes and damage to the most vulnerable sectors of the economy and ecosystems are identified, and the dangerous impact of their destruction on the environment is estimated. Comparison of the main methods of disposal of polymeric wastes used in the world made it possible to evaluate approaches to solving the problem of cyclical handling of polymeric materials wastes, the results of which would be a socioeconomic and ecological effect, reducing the impact of the consequences of the destruction of polymer fractions of landfills on environmental quality, as well as significant saving non-renewable fossil raw materials. The expected performance is expressed quantitatively by calculating the integral indicator of the efficiency of polymer waste processing, taking into account the ratio of the sum of recycling effects, expressed in terms of value, to the capital and current costs of the project.

Comparative Biogas production by Anaerobic Digestion Using Sugarcane Bagasse, Cow Dung and Chicken Droppings Obtained from Katsina Metropolis as Substrates

The use of energy derived from fossil raw materials as conventional primary source of energy has led to environmental pollution climate changes. The need for other alternative sources such as energy derived from wind, solar and biofuel has become necessary. This research investigated the generation of biogas from three types of wastes: Sugarcane bagasse, Cow dung, and chicken droppings wastes using three different biogas plants. Batch operation was carried out and the daily gas produced from each digester was monitored for the retention period of four weeks at the ambient and slurry temperatures. The digesters were charged differently with these wastes in the ratio of 1:3 wastes to distilled water. The ambient temperature ranges within the retention period were 17-290C and a slurry temperature range of 19-320C. The result showed that chicken droppings had the highest cumulative biogas yield of 3228.3cm3; cow dung had 2816.6cm3 and sugarcane bagasse had the least cumulative production of 681.4cm3 within digestion period of 30 days. The qualitative test of the generated gas showed that, cow dung has superior quality for biogas production with the highest methane content of 61.3% over the sugarcane bagasse (57.2%) and chicken droppings (47.6%). The bacterial enumeration for chicken droppings was discovered to have highest count of 28.7 x 105cfu/g than cow dung and sugarcane bagasse with 21.2 x 105cfu/g and 2.1 x 105cfu/g respectively. Cow dung was discovered to have the highest total solid content of 84.74% while sugarcane bagasse had the least (8.67%). The utilization of these waste stockscould bean alternative option for energy source and wastes treatment.

Brief Overview on Bio-Based Adhesives and Sealants.

Adhesives and sealants (AS) are materials with excellent properties, versatility, and simple curing mechanisms, being widely used in different areas ranging from the construction to the medical sectors. Due to the fast-growing demand for petroleum-based products and the consequent negative environmental impact, there is an increasing need to develop novel and more sustainable sources to obtain raw materials (monomers). This reality is particularly relevant for AS industries, which are generally dependent on non-sustainable fossil raw materials. In this respect, biopolymers, such as cellulose, starch, lignin, or proteins, emerge as important alternatives. Nevertheless, substantial improvements and developments are still required in order to simplify the synthetic routes, as well as to improve the biopolymer stability and performance of these new bio-based AS formulations. This environmentally friendly strategy will hopefully lead to the future partial or even total replacement of non-renewable petroleum-based feedstock. In this brief overview, the general features of typical AS are reviewed and critically discussed regarding their drawbacks and advantages. Moreover, the challenges faced by novel and more ecological alternatives, in particular lignocellulose-based solutions, are highlighted.

Growth of ZnCo2O4 nanocubes on flexible biochar substrate derived from natural silk waste fabric for lithium-ion battery anode

The use of natural biological waste materials as precursors to prepare biochar substrate for flexible energy storage filed possess natural richness, sustainable and environmental friendliness, compared with carbon materials derived from fossil raw materials. Herein, we prepare carbonized silk fabric (CSF) based on natural silk waste fabric as a flexible substrate, which qualifies a 3D conductive network and good mechanical flexibility. The as-prepared ZnCo2O4-loaded carbonized silk fabric (ZCO/CSF) acts as anode for lithium-ion battery, exhibiting high reversible capacity and superior rate capacity. In addition, due to CSF's unique fabric weave structure, the ZCO/CSF shows excellent foldable flexibility and deformation recovery properties. The flexible full cell containing ZCO/CSF as anode can power a light-emitting diode (LED) both when folded twice and rolled. Thus, our work opens the door to the development of biomass-based flexible substrates in flexible energy storage devices.

Looking beyond the banning of lightweight bags: analysing the role of plastic (and fuel) impacts in waste collection at a Portuguese city.

The purpose of this work is to assess the environmental impacts of the collection of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) in a selected neighbourhood of the Portuguese city of Aveiro. To this purpose, the main elements necessary for the collection process (carrier bags, dustbins, street containers and vehicles) were analysed applying the life cycle assessment methodology, making use of locally gathered data. The main impacts associated with this activity are mostly related to the use of polyethylene plastic bags to carry the waste from the household to the waste container, and to the fuel consumption of collection vehicle that picks MSW from street containers and transports it to the treatment facility. The impacts associated with the plastic bags were primarily due to their disposal in a sanitary landfill after use and secondarily to the consumption of fossil raw materials required for their production. Given the relative high impact of the plastic bags, alternative scenarios were tested: using bags entirely produced with recycled polyethylene and bags produced with bio-based plastics derived from starch (TPS) and from wastewater (PHA). PHA bio-based bags were found to perform slightly better than conventional high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bags, but HDPE bags with 100% recycled content remained as the environmentally best option. A sensitivity analysis was performed to check the influence of bag size. Regarding the fuel consumption by collection vehicles, a comparison was performed to check how site-specific conditions can influence the impact of this activity, resulting in remarkably higher consumptions when local data were used instead of reference databases.

Cooperatives in the field of energy supply of agriculture (taking into account international experience)

The sustainable energy goals are vectors for universal access to affordable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The aim of this work is to study the structure of the world energy supply, including Russia, and the role of energy cooperatives abroad in the past and present on energy supply to agriculture and rural areas, and the possibility of applying their experience in the Russian economy. The authors used observation, abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as dialectical and logical methods. Having studied the data of domestic and foreign statistical institutes, the authors came to the conclusion that non-renewable energy sources make up the largest share in the world. In addition to the economical use and efficient conversion of fossil raw materials, the focus is increasingly shifting to the use of renewable energy sources that reduce dependence on oil and gas, in particular in countries that do not have their own reserves, and therefore ensure sustainable energy production. At the same time, the global energy transition to energy resources, which will be available to all, can be carried out with the help of energy cooperatives. In Russia, the capacity of renewable energy facilities is also constantly growing. The peculiarity of the country is the need to transfer energy over long distances with significant wear of transmission networks, a deep monopoly of the market, and, consequently, high tariffs for consumers. One of the ways to solve the problems of affordable energy availability for agriculture, the authors see the creation of energy cooperatives. In the article the approximate model of energy cooperative is offered, their classification is given. The results of the study will help to create competition in the energy market, optimize the budgets of the village and reduce costs in the process of commodity circulation of agricultural products to the final consumer.

Feasibility Study of CO<sub>2</sub> Mitigation with Methanol Production through Hydrogenation and Bi-Reforming of Natural Gas

Chemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol has the potential to address two relevant sustainability issues: economically feasible replacement of fossil raw materials and avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions. However, chemical stability of CO2 is a challenging impediment to conversion, requiring harsh reaction conditions at the expense of increased energy input, adding capital, operational and environmental costs. This work evaluates two innovative chemical conversion of CO2 to methanol: the indirect conversion, which uses synthesis gas produced by bi-reforming as intermediate, and the direct conversion, via hydrogenation. Process simulations are used to obtain mass and energy balances, needed to support economic analyses. Due to the uncertainties in the raw material prices, including CO2 and hydrogen (H2), its limits for economic viability are estimated and sensitivity analyzes are carried in predetermined prices (base cases). It is considered the scenario of free CO2 available in atmospheric conditions, as in a bioethanol industry, but the sensitivity analyses show the results for other scenarios, as in a CO2 rich natural gas, in which the cost of processing CO2 is zero. The economic analyses show that hydrogenation can be feasible if hydrogen prices are lower than 1000 US$/t, while the indirect route is viable only for cheap sources of natural gas below 3.7 US$/MMBtu. The CO2 pre-treatment costs are not as sensible as the others raw materials.

Enzymatic Synthesis of a Diene Ester Monomer Derived from Renewable Resource.

The total or partial substitution of fossil raw materials by biobased materials from renewable resources is one of the great challenges of our society. In this context, the reaction under mild condition as enzyme-catalyzed esterification was applied to investigate the esterification of the biobased 10-undecenoic acid with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to obtain a new diene ester monomer. The environmentally friendly enzymatic reaction presented up to 100% of conversion; moreover, the production of possible by-products was minimized controlling reaction time and amount of enzyme. Furthermore, the presence of chloroform was evaluated during the enzymatic reactions and despite high conversions with higher enzyme concentration, the solvent-free system showed fast kinetics even with 1.13U/g substrates. In addition, the commercial immobilized lipases Novozym 435 and NS 88011 could be applied for up to 10 cycles keeping conversions about 90%. The scale-up of the reaction was possible and a purification procedure was applied in order to isolate the diene ester monomer 2-(10-undecenoyloxy)ethyl methacrylate, preserving its double bonds, which could allow a potential use of this product in the synthesis of new renewable polymers through techniques as metathesis, thiol-ene, or free-radical polymerization.

Development of an Oil Free Water-Based Lubricant for Gear Applications

The aim of the current research is to develop a gear transmission fluid based on water and plant extract. Up to now, mineral or synthetic oils are used as lubricants in most gear drive applications. These oils are made of fossil raw materials and are non-biodegradable. Lately, there have been some efforts made to develop lubricants as an alternative to conventional lubrication systems such as triglycerides from native oils or synthetic esters. These lubricants are more biodegradable than mineral oils but also show some difficulties during performance like saponification. Within a former research project, the company Carl Bechem GmbH and the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV developed a cutting fluid based on water and plant extract. With a model sample of this fluid, which also contained gear typical additives, preliminary experimental investigations for a current research study were conducted. The results confirmed the general suitability of this water-based lubricant for gear drives under certain operating conditions. Using water as lubricants can lead to some improved characteristics due to the very high thermal conductivity and the reduced friction. This paper aims to point out the benefits of using water-based lubricants, share the results of some preliminary experimental investigations on a fluid sample based on water and plant extract, and discuss the challenges, which one has to overcome during the development of such new lubricants.

A quantified evaluation of the French «carbon tax»

Termed a climate-energy contribution, the carbon tax was introduced in France in 2014 to price energy-related CO2 emissions not covered by the European emissions trading scheme. Its ramp-up is likely to accelerate, at least as far as the rate is concerned, calling for an initial assessment of its actual effects. Such an evaluation is what this edition of Information & Debates provides, concentrating on the sectors most concerned. Evaluating the impact of the tax is not just a matter of comparing emissions before and after the tax came into force, but requires a comparison of the emissions observed over the period with the evolution of a counterfactual scenario representing the hypothetical trajectory that emissions would have followed in its absence. In the first part, we look at the contextual elements needed to understand how the price signal of carbon affects economic actors by way of energy prices. In the second and third parts we then evaluate the impacts of the tax by taking an ex ante approach and an ex post approach respectively. The ex-ante approach is based on calculating price and tax elasticities. It is carried out indi-rectly by comparing the carbon tax with an increase in the prices of fossil fuels. Although this raises the question of transmission from the one to the other, it has the advantage of not requiring a temporal distance in relation to the introduction of the tax. The results suggest that the carbon tax led to a reduction in emissions from the transport sector of between 0.6 and 1.7 Mt of CO2 in 2017. Taxation of heating oil for its part reduced emissions from the heating of buildings by 0.7 Mt CO2. For transport and fuel oil, the method leads to the prediction that by the end of the five-year period the tax should lead to a reduction in emissions of between 3 and 5.7 Mt of CO2 compared to 2017. These various estimates likely to be a minimum, since it seems that consumers are more responsive to a price increase resulting from higher taxes than to one induced by a change in the price of fossil raw materials. The ex post approach is based on the synthetic control method, and involves reconstructing France’s hypothetical emissions from a group of comparable countries that have not introduced a carbon tax during the period. This approach produces a direct evaluation in that the impact of the tax is estimated is implemented over the period the tax has been in force. Applied to France over the period 2014-2017, it does not allow a robust conclusion to be drawn as to the impact of the introduction of the carbon tax on emissions from the transport or building heating sector over the period concerned. This result may be explained by the small number of observations currently available since the introduction of the tax.

PERTUMBUHAN KULTUR TUNAS AKSILAR KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SUPER FOSFAT DAN KNO3 PADA MEDIA AB MIX SECARA IN VITRO

Murashige&Skoog-based medium Potatoes are one commodity that has the potential to be developed as a resource in the context of food diversification, farmers' income riser, non fossil export commodities and raw materials for processing industry. The objective of this research was to find out the effect of SP-36 fertilizer, KNO3 fertilizer, as well as the interaction between the two fertilizers on the growth of potato nodal culture on AB Mix media in vitro. The results of this study are expected to provide economical potato tissue culture media development. This research used factorial complete randomized design. The treatment were SP-36 concentration: 0 ppm; 50 ppm; 100 ppm; and 200 ppm, in combination with KNO3 concentration: 0 ppm; 100 ppm; 200 ppm; 400 ppm; and 600 ppm, The variables observed included number of leaves, leaf color, length of plantlets, fresh weight of plantlets and percentage of plantlets growth. Based on the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) F. Calculate < F. Table with the average success of plantlet growth between 87.5-100%. In addition, there are four types of leaf color produced, namely the color of yellowish green, pale green leaves, green, and dark green. Research showed that the interaction between SP-36 fertilizer and KNO3 fertilizer on AB Mix media had no significant effect on all observed variables.

Structure–Reactivity: Comparison between the Carbonation of Epoxidized Vegetable Oils and the Corresponding Epoxidized Fatty Acid Methyl Ester

Vegetable oils are renewable biomass that can substitute fossil raw materials for sustainable development. These oils are made of different types of fatty acids (building blocks), which could lead to differing reactivity toward chemical reaction. In order to investigate the correlation between reactivity and structure of vegetable oils, we have compared the reactivity of epoxidized cottonseed oil (ECSO) and its epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester (EFAME) toward carbonation reaction by using the homogeneous catalyst tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr). Mass transfer and physicochemical properties were determined and further applied to estimate the intrinsic rate constants during the kinetic modeling stage. It was found that densities for both systems were similar, but the difference in viscosity was important. Mass transfer coefficients were similar for the carbonated species, but the ones of EFAME and FAME were found to be ca. 100 times lower than those of ECSO and CSO. The solubility of CO2 was found to be...

Magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (MCLEAs) applied to biomass conversion

The increasing energy and sustainable materials demand requires the development of renewable production technologies to meet current global demands. Certainly, the progress for a sustainable development goes through the use of renewable and versatile raw materials, as the lignocellulosic biomass, in terms of application in energy, materials and environment sciences. The key role in the use of lignocellulosic biomass as renewable raw material has been its conversion to C6 and C5 sugars, which can be converted in different materials by several biological and chemical routes. Although its recalcitrance nature and high cost of the enzyme that promotes such conversions, obtaining a magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (MCLEAs) has emerged as a green and sustainable technology to overcome these problems. This class of nanohybrids materials can significantly improve enzyme stability, activity and its recovery, decreasing cost of the process and adverse consequence of use of fossil raw materials. So, this review intends to shows the potential and recently advances of MCLEAs applied to biomass conversion to value-added chemicals, fuels and materials.

Engineering and manipulation of a mevalonate pathway in Escherichia coli for isoprene production.

Isoprene is a useful phytochemical with high commercial values in many industrial applications including synthetic rubber, elastomers, isoprenoid medicines, and fossil fuel. Currently, isoprene is on large scale produced from petrochemical sources. An efficient biological process for isoprene production utilizing renewable feedstocks would be an important direction of research due to the fossil raw material depletion and air pollution. In this study, we introduced the mevalonate (MVA) pathway genes/acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (mvaE) and MVA synthase (mvaS) from Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis); MVA kinase (mvk) derived from Methanosarcina mazei (M. mazei); and phosphomevalonate kinase (pmk), diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (mvaD), and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (idi) from Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) to accelerate dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) accumulation in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Together with a codon-optimized isoprene synthase (ispS) from Populus alba (P. alba), E. coli strain succeeded in formation of isoprene. We then manipulated the heterologous MVA pathway for high-level production of isoprene, by controlling the gene expression levels of the MVA pathway genes. We engineered four E. coli strains which showed different gene expression levels and different isoprene productivities, and we also characterized them with quantitative real-time PCR and metabolite analysis. To further improve the isoprene titers and release the toxicity to cells, we developed the extraction fermentation by adding dodecane in cultures. Finally, strain BL2T7P1TrcP harboring balanced gene expression system produced 587 ± 47mg/L isoprene, with a 5.2-fold titer improvement in comparison with strain BL7CT7P. This work indicated that a balanced metabolic flux played a significant role to improve the isoprene production via MVA pathway.

Quasi-Static Indentation Properties of Aluminium Foam-Frp Sandwich Panel

Synthetic FRP have been used for many years in wide applications owing to their versatility and good performance. However, environmental problems caused by extensive use of polymeric materials arise mainly due to lack of landfill spaces and depletion of finite resources of fossil raw materials, such as petroleum or natural gas. Hence, materials derived from natural products are emerging as potential substitutes for petroleum-based material. The usage of natural fibre reinforced polymer (NFRP) composite have triggered considerable interest to explore the usefulness of this material. Excellent energy absorption of sandwich-structured composite made it a versatile structure used in various industries such transportation, automotive, building construction and marine. On top of that, the research data on aluminium foam as a core material in sandwich panel are limited and need to be further studied. This research is aimed to determine the quasi-static indentation properties of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer/Aluminium Foam (BF-AF) sandwich panel and compare with the properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer/Aluminium Foam (GF-AF) sandwich panel. In this study, BFRP and GFRP composites with nanosilica were fabricated using vacuum bagging method. Aluminium foam was used as a core in the sandwich panel structure. The quasi-static indentation tests were performed using 10mm indenter and the specimen size was 50mm x 50mm with thickness of 3mm. The effect of aluminum foam on indentation properties were studied. The results showed that the addition of nanosilica enhanced the energy absorption, depth of penetration and damage area of the composites. The indentation properties of BF-AF were higher than those of GF-AF sandwich panel composites. Therefore, this research contributes to a new knowledge on the properties of aluminium foam-FRP composite materials

Fumaric Acid Production: A Biorefinery Perspective

The increasing scarcity of fossil raw materials, together with the need to develop new processes and technology based on renewable sources, and the need to dispose of an increasing amount of biomass-derived waste, have boosted the concept of biorefineries. Both 1G and 2G biorefineries are focused on the obtention of biofuels, chemicals, materials, food and feed from biomass, a renewable resource. Fumaric acid, and most compounds involved in the Kreb cycle, are considered key platform chemicals, not only for being acidulants and additives in the food industry, but also for their prospective use as monomers. This review is focused on the biotechnological processes based on fungi, mainly of the Rhizopus genus, whose main product is fumaric acid, on the process conditions, the bioreactors and modes of operation and on the purification of the acid once it is produced.

Biogenic Formic Acid as a Green Hydrogen Carrier

AbstractFormic acid (FA) is an important platform chemical that has numerous applications in the chemical and agricultural industries, as well as in the leather industry. To date, FA is exclusively produced from fossil raw materials using either carbonylation of methanol or acidolysis of formates. Here, sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to produce biogenic FA from biomass (e.g., OxFA‐process) are presented and combined with different approaches for the catalytic decomposition of bio‐based FA solutions. Several homogeneous and heterogeneous approaches for the catalytic decomposition of aqueous FA to hydrogen and CO2 are compared for their applicability. Moreover, their technical applications in fuel cells, as energy storage vectors, and as hydrogen storage molecules are discussed.