Forward Tilt Research Articles

The study on the characteristics of active force of neck muscles under rapid braking conditions

This paper studies the active force characteristics of the neck muscles under the condition of rapid braking, which can provide theoretical support for reducing the neck injury of pilots when carrier-based aircraft blocks the landing. We carried out static loading and real vehicle braking experiments under rapid braking conditions, collected the active contraction force and electromyography (EMG) signals of neck muscles, and analyzed the response characteristics of neck muscle active force response. The results showed that the head and neck forward tilt time was delayed and the amplitude decreased during neck muscle pre-tightening. The duration of the neck in the extreme position decreased, and the recovery towards the seat direction was faster. The EMG signals of trapezius muscle was higher than sternocleidomastoid muscle. This suggests that pilots can reduce neck injury by pre-tightening the neck muscles during actual braking flight. In addition, we can consider the design of relevant fittings for pre-tightening the neck muscles.

Effects of joint replacement on spinal movement

Although studies after joint replacement show significant improvements in important gait parameters during rehabilitation, the gait pattern at the end of rehabilitation is still clearly deficient. Patients show compensation strategies that also suggest changes in spinal movement. The aim of the present study was to analyse the spinal movement in dynamics in patients after total hip and knee replacement and to identify abnormalities in comparison to areference group. 3D gait analyses and 4D spinal analyses were performed with the subjects at the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation. The analysis of the movement patterns showed abnormalities in all three movement dimensions, which manifested themselves in increased trunk forward tilt and lordosis, lateral tilt on the operative side and altered pelvic rotation. In consequence therapeutic measures after total hip and knee replacement should, therefore, include neighbouring joints such as the spine in order to avoid consequential complications.

Comparison of Pitching Kinematics between Normal-Weight and Overweight Group in High School Baseball Pitchers

This study compared differences in pitching kinematics between normal-weight and overweight high school baseball pitchers. Twenty male pitchers were included in the study. According to the 2020 guidelines on the Body Mass Index (BMI) standard for children and adolescents by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, 10 participants with BMI below the 85% percentile were assigned to the normal-weight group, and 10 participants with BMI above the 85% percentile were assigned to the overweight group. The two groups threw 10 trials for a fastball with maximum effort. Out of 10 trials, three pitches thrown in the strike zone with the fastest velocity were extracted. The mean ball velocity was measured, and the mean and maximum angle and angular velocity of the knee, pelvis, trunk, shoulder, and elbow joints were calculated. The differences in the ball velocity, angle, and angular velocity between the two groups were compared using an independent t-test (p<0.05). There were no differences in mean ball velocity between the two groups. However, compared with the normal-weight group, the overweight group showed smaller knee flexion, trunk forward tilt, trunk rotation, maximum trunk angular velocity, shoulder external rotation and maximum shoulder external rotation, while shoulder abduction and maximum elbow flexion were greater. These results suggest that the overweight group may have a high risk of soft tissue damage in the knee, shoulder, and elbow joints caused by limited movement of the trunk and inefficient movement between the extremities during power pitching.

The effect of acute equine temporomandibular joint inflammation on response to rein-tension and kinematics.

Although the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the major contact point between the reins in the riders' hand, the bit in the mouth, and the rest of the horse under saddle, the role of inflammation of this joint on equine locomotion and rein tension is unknown. To determine the effect of acute TMJ inflammation on rein-tension and horse movement when horses were long-reined on a treadmill. A randomized, controlled, cross-over design. Five horses were trained by one clinician to walk and trot on a treadmill wearing long-reining equipment instrumented with a rein-tension device and reflective optical tracking markers. Subjective assessment of horse's dominant side, and movement, were determined without rein-tension (free walk and trot); and with rein-tension (long-reined walk and trot). Continuous rein-force data from both sides were collected over ~60s from each trial. Movement was recorded using a 12-camera optical motion capture system. One randomly assigned TMJ was subsequently injected with lipopolysaccharide and the treadmill tests repeated by investigators blinded to treatment side. A second, identical assessment was performed 10 days later with the opposite TMJ being the target of intervention. All horses showed reduced rein-tension on the injected (inflamed) side. Increased rein-tension was required on the non-injected side at trot, to maintain them in the correct position on the treadmill post-injection. The only kinematic variable to show any significant change due to rein tension or TMJ inflammation during the walk or trot was an increase in forward head tilt in the presence of rein tension in the trot after injection. Low number of horses and investigation of response to acute inflammation only. TMJ inflammation changed, subjectively and objectively, the response to rein-input, but the horses did not become lame.

Effects of Slide Sheet Use and Bed Position on Muscle Activities in the Low Back and Extremities: A Pilot Experimental Simulation Study.

Low-friction slide sheets (SS) are designed to reduce compression loads on the body during manual handling tasks, such as boosting patients. Using SS has been shown to decrease muscle activity in the lower back and upper extremities. However, it is unclear if this effect varies with different bed positions. To investigate this, we studied the effects of SS use, bed height, and their combination on muscle activity during a simulated patient boost. Thirty-three Japanese undergraduate students (age 21.0 ± 1.1 years; 14 men, 19 women) participated. Participants were asked to boost a dummy figure on the bed three times each using four conditions. During the repositioning task, electromyography of eight muscles of the lower back and upper and lower extremities, hip and knee joint flexion angles, pelvic forward tilt angle, and position of the center of mass based on the posterior superior iliac spine were evaluated. Electrophysiological activities of muscles of lower back and upper extremities were significantly lower with SS than without it in both bed positions (30% and 40% of body height); the reduction in muscle activities with SS use was 20% to 40%. Lowering the bed did not affect the SS effect magnitude on reducing muscle activities, although postural changes, including hip and knee joint flexion, were observed. SS reduced muscle activities in the back, upper, and lower extremities when the bed was in the low position, and this effect persisted at a bed height of ≥30% of the participant's height.

Tilting light's polarization plane to spatially separate the ultrafast nonlinear response of chiral molecules.

Distinguishing between the left- and right-handed versions of a chiral molecule (enantiomers) is vital, but also inherently difficult. Traditional optical methods using elliptically/circularly polarized light rely on linear effects which arise beyond the electric-dipole approximation, posing major limitations for ultrafast spectroscopy. Here we show how to turn an ultrashort elliptical pulse into an efficient chiro-optical tool: by tilting its polarization plane towards its propagation direction. This forward tilt can be achieved by focusing the beam tightly, creating structured light which exhibits a nontrivial polarization pattern in space. Using state-of-the-art computational modelling, we show that our structured field realizes a near-field interferometer for efficient chiral recognition that separates the nonlinear optical response of left- and right-handed molecules in space. Our work provides a simple, yet highly efficient, way of spatially structuring the polarization of light to image molecular chirality, with extreme enantio-efficiency and on ultrafast time scales.

Isolated Dystonia as an Initial Presentation of GDAP2-Related Disorder.

Isolated Dystonia as an Initial Presentation of GDAP2-Related Disorder.

Effects of Contralateral Trunk Tilt on Shoulder and Elbow Injury Risk and Pitching Biomechanics in Professional Baseball Pitchers

Background: Baseball pitchers employ various contralateral trunk tilt (CTT) positions when pitching depending on if they have an overhand, three-quarter, or sidearm delivery. There are no known studies that have examined how pitching biomechanics are significantly different in professional pitchers with varying amounts of CTT, which may provide insight into shoulder and elbow injury risk among pitchers with different CTT. Purpose: To assess differences in shoulder and elbow forces and torques and baseball pitching biomechanics in professional pitchers with maximum 30° to 40° CTT (MaxCTT), moderate 15° to 25° CTT (ModCTT), and minimum 0° to 10° CTT (MinCTT). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In total, 215 pitchers were examined, including 46 pitchers with MaxCTT, 126 pitchers with ModCTT, and 43 pitchers with MinCTT. All pitchers were tested using a 240-Hz, 10-camera motion analysis system, and 37 kinematic and kinetic parameters were calculated. Differences in kinematic and kinetic variables among the 3 CTT groups were assessed with a 1-way analysis of variance (P < .01). Results: Maximum shoulder anterior force and maximum elbow proximal force were significantly greater in ModCTT (403 ± 79 N) than MaxCTT (369 ± 75 N) and MinCTT (364 ± 70 N), while maximum elbow flexion torque and shoulder proximal force, respectively, were significantly greater in ModCTT (69 ± 11 N·m and 1176 ± 152 N, respectively) than MaxCTT (62 ± 12 N·m and 1085 ± 119 N, respectively). During arm cocking, maximum pelvis angular velocity was greater in MinCTT than MaxCTT and ModCTT, and maximum upper trunk angular velocity was greater in MaxCTT and ModCTT than MinCTT. At ball release, trunk forward tilt was greater in MaxCTT and ModCTT than MinCTT and greater in MaxCTT than ModCTT, while arm slot angle was less in MaxCTT and ModCTT than MinCTT and less in MaxCTT than ModCTT. Conclusion: The greatest shoulder and elbow peak forces occurred in ModCTT, which occurs in pitchers who throw with a three-quarter arm slot. More research is needed to assess if pitchers with ModCTT are at a higher risk of shoulder and elbow injury compared with pitchers with MaxCTT (overhand arm slot) and MinCTT (sidearm arm slot), although in the pitching literature, excessive elbow and shoulder forces and torques have been shown to correlate with elbow and shoulder injuries. Clinical Relevance: The results from the current study will help clinicians better understand if differences in kinematic and kinetic measures differ with pitching, or if differences in force, torque, and arm position occur at different arm slots.

Radiological Changes in Postural Deformities after Deep Brain Stimulationin Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

BACKGROUNDː Axial postural deformities are frequent and disabling complications of Parkinson’s disease(PD). Although several studies have addressed the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the improvement ofpostural deformities in PD, there is little detailed information about it. In this paper, we report a prospective observational study evaluating the radiological changes in postural deformities after subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBSin PD patients.METHODSː Of the 53 patients participating in the present study, 48 were completely followed up prospectivelyfor 12 months after surgery. We assessed the coronal Cobb angulation representing scoliosis, the thoracic andlumbar sagittal Cobb angulation representing thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, and forward tilt angulation.Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the whole spine in the standing position were taken preoperatively and at 6and 12 months postoperatively.RESULTSː The number of PD patients with scoliosis defined as over 10 degrees in terms of the coronal Cobbangles was decreased after STN-DBS, 25/48 (52.1%) at 6 months and 23/48 (47.9%) at 12 months, while preoperatively, 30/48 (62.5%) patients had Cobb angles of over 10. The mean coronal Cobb angle was significantly improved after DBS (14.2 ± 12.1 preoperatively, 12.6 ± 12.6 at 6 months after DBS, and 11.4 ± 11.1 at 12 monthsafter DBS). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant improvement in thoracic kyphosis angulation,lumbar lordosis angulation, and forward tilt angulation after STN-DBS.CONCLUSIONSː The coronal Cobb angles indicated that scoliosis was significantly improved after STN-DBS.

Influence of the Neck Posture on the Masticatory Apparatus in Children

Aim: The study aimed to determine the peculiarities of influence of the neck posture on masticatory apparatus in children. Materials and Methods: We reviewed lateral cephalometric radiographs of 22 children, 10 girls, and 12 boys (mean age 12 years). Steiner cephalometric analysis and analysis of the upper cervical spine, which was available on corresponding cephalometric radiographs, were performed. In addition to cephalometric analysis, the angle between the McGregor line and the base of C2 (Oc-C2), the angle between the base of C1 and C2, and the angle between C2 and C5 were determined. Spearman’s correlation was computed to assess the relationship between neck sagittal plane posture and cephalometry results. Results: The strong correlation between sagittal neck posture and positioning of the incisor teeth was determined. We found, that the more lordotic is the neck and kyphotic or frontal tilted is the occipital position, the more the position of the incisors is altered towards open bite. Oc-C2 angle had a negative correlation with the Max1-NA (1-NA) angle (r (20) = - 0.63, p = .002), and 1uNA (r(20) = -0.65, p = .001), and positive with interincisor (II) angle (r (20) = 0.55, p = .007). C1-C2 angle had a negative correlation with 1uNA (r(20) = -0.50, p = .017). C2-C5 angle was found to have an opposite relation with incisors: negative correlation with II (r(20) = -0.55, p = .006), positive with Max1-NA (r(20) = 0.44, p = .038), Max1-SN (r (20) = 0.45, p = .031) and Mand1-NB (r(20) = 0.42, p = .048). The upper cervical vertebrae positioning in the sagittal plane is in strong relation with incisors positioning and can be the cause of open bite or vice versa. Conclusions: Based on cephalometry radiographs analysis we can consider the relation between the neck vertebrae posture and masticatory apparatus to be significant. Neck sagittal alignment is strongly related to the occipital tilt and has a strong correlation with incisors proclining, meaning the increase in spinal lordosis angle is related to forward occipital tilt and an increase in interincisor angle, resulting in upper incisor proclination.

Study of the level of physical fitness of elder preschool children

The article analyzes the state of research on the problem of physical fitness of elder preschool children. The purpose of the study is to analyze the indicators of physical fitness of elder preschool children under the influence of physical education classes. Research methodology: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical sources on the topic of research, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, determination of indicators of physical fitness, method of mathematical statistics in the process of processing research results. The study was conducted on the basis of the preschool education institution (nursery- kindergarten) of the combined type No. 14 "Malva" of the Zaporizhzhya City Council. 24 boys and 22 girls of senior preschool age took part in the study. In terms of health, all children who participated in the study belong to the main group. During the research, changes in indicators of physical fitness of elder preschool children under the influence of physical education classes were analyzed. The obtained research results proved that the elder preschool age is the most favorable for the development of physical qualities. Based on the received empirical material, the quantitative analysis of the results established that the indicators of physical fitness of children improved during the research period and experienced a significant growth. The exceptions are the indicators of flexibility development in boys ("Torse forward tilt") and speed ("Running at a distance of 10 m"), where the differences are unreliable (p&gt;0.05). It has been proven that physical education classes had a positive effect on changes in indicators of physical fitness of elder preschool children.

Joint energy and shot mechanical energy of glide-style shot put

Shot put is a throwing exercise in track and field. Performance has a strong relationship with the thrower’s height, technique, and energy transferred. The purpose of this study was to compare basic kinematics, joint movement, shot mechanical energy, and joint energy of the male glide-style shot put between high-performance (HP) and low-performance (LP) athletes. Data for 12 right-handed male shot putters with glide-style was captured at the National Games held in Taipei city in 2013. The HP ( n = 6) and LP ( n = 6) groups were classified according to their best throwing distance in the competition. Additionally, the 2D kinematics of their joints and shots were obtained by Kwon 3D motion analysis. Finally, the kinematics and energy were calculated in Excel software package. Results showed significant differences in throwing distance, the relationship between throwing distance and body height index (RDH index), release velocity, and the shoulder-shot (BSX) angle at right toe-off ground instant (RTF) and the angle difference between the right toe-off instant and release instant (RI-RTF) between the HP and LP groups. However, the energy of the joints and shots were not significantly different between the two groups. The better throwers exhibited a faster release velocity, accompanied by a smaller change in the SSX angle, and the SSX angle can be used by the coach to assess the body’s forward or backward tilt during training.

The Forward and Lateral Tilt Angle of the Neck and Trunk Measured by Three-Dimensional Gait and Motion Analysis as a Candidate for a Severity Index in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

(1) Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of a three-dimensional motion-analysis system (AKIRA®) as a quantitative measure of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). (2) Method: This study included 48 patients with PD. We measured their motion during 2 m of walking using AKIRA®, we calculated the tilt angles of the neck and trunk, ankle height, and gait speed, then we compared these parameters with the MDS-UPDRS and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Furthermore, we measured these AKIRA indicators before and after 1 year of observation. (3) Results: The forward tilt angle of the neck showed a strong correlation with the scores on parts II, III, and the total MDS-UPDRS, and the tilt angle of the trunk showed a moderate correlation with those measures. The lateral tilt angle of the trunk showed a moderate correlation with a freezing of the gait and a postural instability. Regarding changes over the course of 1 year (n = 34), the total scores on part III of the MDS-UPDRS and the forward tilt angle of the neck improved, while the lateral tilt angle of the trunk worsened. (4) Conclusion: Taken together, the forward and lateral tilt angles of the neck and trunk as measured by AKIRA® can be a candidate for quantitative severity index in patients with PD.

Rail Magnet Arrangements for Improved Stability of a Superconducting Transport System

Transport systems based on superconducting magnetic levitation often risk derailment by backward tilting of the shuttle away from the bank angle. To alleviate this problem, this study investigates alternative rail magnet arrangements that can offer better stability of levitation transport systems by inducing a forward bank angle tilt. The results can be used to enhance the safety of various transport applications that rely on magnetic levitation technology.

A Novel Compensatory Motion Detection Method Using Multiple Signals and Machine Learning

Harmful compensatory motion will seriously influence the upper limb rehabilitation effect of stroke patients. Existing compensatory motion pattern detection methods, which are mainly based on accelerometers, inertial measurement units (IMUs), and vision, have problems such as high installation requirements, calibration difficulty, object occlusion, and complex operations. To solve these problems, by analyzing the principle of compensatory motion, this paper designs a trunk restraint belt, compensation motion mode detection system that is composed of a force sensor (F-S), angular displacement sensor (AD-S), and surface electromyography (sEMG). Fifteen healthy subjects without dyskinesia completed normal motion and simulated compensatory movement modes (trunk rotation, trunk forward tilt, and scapular elevation) based on the system. Machine learning (ML) methods are used to classify three compensated motion and normal motion (NM). Among them, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier shows good classification performance for trunk forward tilt (F1-score = 0.9256), shoulder blade elevation (F1-score = 0.9190), trunk rotation (F1-score = 0.8262) and normal motion (F1-score = 0.9758). This method is a new compensation detection method with obvious advantages: it is easy to wear, and without considering the problems of calibration and target occlusion, it can not only identify the patient motion mode but also limit the large range of compensatory motion.

Verification of Reliability and Validity of Trunk Forward Tilt Angle Measurement During Gait Using 2-Dimensional Motion Analysis

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of trunk forward tilt angle measurement during gait using the 2-dimensional motion analysis, open-source software Kinovea. MethodsThe participants were 48 healthy people (23.3 ± 3.7 years of age), and the measurement task was normal gait. Two-dimensional motion analysis using Kinovea and measurement using a 3-dimensional motion analyzer were performed synchronously to calculate the forward tilt angle of the trunk during gait. The maximum and minimum values ​​of the trunk forward tilt angle in 1 gait cycle were used as representative values. The intraclass correlation coefficient and the minimum detectable change amount in Kinovea were calculated. We also verified the correlation with the measured values ​​using the 3-dimensional motion analyzer and the error by Bland-Altman analysis. ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient for Kinovea was 0.925 (95% confidence interval, 0.866-0.958) at the maximum and 0.918 (95% confidence interval, 0.854-0.954) at the minimum. The maximum value of the minimum detectable change amount was 2.7°, and the minimum value was 2.9°. The correlation coefficient between the methods was the maximum value r = 0.964 (R² = 0.929) and the minimum value r = 0.970 (R² = 0.941). The average difference between the methods (d) was –0.55 to –0.51° and the standard deviation of the difference between the measured values was 0.66 to 0.84°, and the minimum value was d = –0.59 to –0.54° and SDd = 0.63 to 0.91°. ConclusionThe reliability and validity of the measurement by 2-dimensional motion analysis of the trunk forward tilt angle in young adults were confirmed.

The Effect of an 8-Week Rope Skipping Intervention on Standing Long Jump Performance.

The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of an 8-week rope skipping intervention in enhancing standing long jump performance was assessed by means of specific kinematic parameters acquired by 3-D space photography. The fifteen male college students from the physical education institute were randomly recruited as the research subjects. Participants first completed a standing long jump test without rope skipping intervention. Participants subsequently took part in a second standing long jump test after rope skipping training. Two high-speed digital cameras with 100 Hz sampling rate were synchronized to capture the movement. The captured images were processed using motion analysis suite, and the markers attached to joints on images were optical auto capture. Based on the results, the velocity of the center of gravity at take-off and landing were significantly improved. In addition, the study confirmed the requirement for forward tilt of the hip joint at landing to increase the velocity of the center of gravity and hence long jump distance. The detailed kinematic analysis described here provided further evidence of the benefits of integrating non-specialized and specialized training activities to enhance athletic performance and offers a contribution to movement theory and practice.

Застосування комплексів спеціально підібраних вправ у підготовці тенісистів 6-7 років

Purpose: to determine the change in physical and technical fitness of 6-7-year-old tennis players with the help of complexes of specially selected exercises. Material and methods: 12 young tennis players from Kharkiv took part in the research. Sports experience of sportsmen is 1-2 years. Classes were held 8 hours a week. To determine the current level of physical fitness, test exercises are selected: running in three directions “Fan”; run 18 m (s); long jump from the place (cm); throwing a tennis ball into the target 3m, 6m, 9m (number of hits); shuttle run 10 m per 3 times (s); slopes forward standing on the gymnastic ladder (cm). In the technical training test exercises were as follows: stuffing the ball with a bounce from the racket down, stuffing the ball with a bounce from the racket up, stuffing the ball with a racket without bouncing off the floor, game to hold the ball without error, game to hold m ' diagonal ball on the right without error, game to hold the ball diagonally on the left without error, serving from the bottom with 10 attempts. The study was conducted in two stages. At the first stage, exercises were selected for the development of speed, speed, strength, coordination skills, dexterity, which formed a set of exercises for physical training of young tennis players. In the technical training, specially selected exercises took into account the parallel improvement of hitting technique and the development of a sense of ball, rhythm, differentiation of efforts, coordination of movements, spatial orientation. At the second stage, a formative pedagogical experiment was conducted using the developed sets of specially selected exercises in the training process and changes in the results of test exercises were determined. Results: The need to find new, more effective, means and methods of training in modern tennis is confirmed. Drawing up individual programs and sets of specially selected exercises will help increase the training of tennis players. The current level of physical and technical fitness of tennis players is established and complexes of specially selected exercises are determined. Significant changes in the results of physical fitness were determined, except for indicators in the forward tilt p&gt;0.05. Reliable results were also obtained in technical training, except for stuffing the ball with a racket without bouncing off the floor p&gt;0.05. Conclusions: using the presented complexes of specially selected exercises positively influenced the changes in physical and technical fitness indicators, which allows recommending 6-7-year-old tennis players in the training process.

PENGARUH KEMIRINGAN DAN ARAH HADAPAN PEMASANGAN PHOTOVOLTAIC PENERANGAN JALAN UMUM (PJU) DI UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO TERHADAP DAYA OUTPUT

Utilization of solar energy in the generation of electrical energy has been widely carried out using solar panels. One example of its use at Tadulako University is public street lighting using solar energy as a source of electricity. The solar panels that have been installed so far have not been effective because of the different tilt angle positions. There are those who can capture the maximum rays of the sun and there are those who cannot capture the maximum rays of the sun and consequently the electrical energy generated is not optimal.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in orientation and angle of inclination of solar panels on the output power and to optimize the performance of PLTS-based public street lighting in Tadulako University. The method used to determine the effect of the photovoltaic slope on the output power is to measure the short-circuit voltage and current from various forward directions and tilt angles.The influence of the slope and the direction of the front of the photovoltaic installation can be seen that the highest output voltage is 18.82V in the forward-to-west position with an angle of 5˚. The highest short-circuit current is 3.82A in the front-to-west position with a slope angle of 5˚. The highest output power is 47.97W in the front-to-west position with a slope angle of 5˚.

Effects of age and gender on spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters in older adults

Purpose: Gait changes are more prominently observed in older adults than in young adults, especially in kinematics of lower extremities and trunk. These changes can result in incidental falls during gait, possibly leading to inability to perform activities of daily living independently. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender and age on gait changes, such as spatiotemporal parameters and peak joint angles in lower extremities and trunk during gait. Methods: A total of 387 participants (223 women) were included. The Microsoft Kinect V2 sensor was used to obtain the coordinate data of lower extremities and trunk during gait. The coordinate data obtained were processed using the software. Walking speed, stride length, stride time and cadence were calculated as spatiotemporal variables of walking. Forward trunk tilt angle (FTT), hip flexion and extension, and knee flexion and extension were measured as peak angles during one-gait cycle. Participants were categorized into five groups according to age by five years. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to compare the spatiotemporal and kinematical data among groups. Results: Significant differences among age groups were noted in terms of the walking speed and stride length. Significant differences were also observed in the FTT and hip extension angle. Conclusions: Increased gait changes, increased peak FTT and decreased peak hip extension angle were observed with an increase of age. These altered symptoms may contribute to the screening of older adults at risk of declined physical function at an early stage