Fortified Rice Research Articles

Assessment of Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability of Zinc Fortifi ed Rice (Oryza sativa) Genotypes based on Morphological Descriptors

Twenty five rice genotypes including indigenous and improved zinc lines were characterized using morphological descriptors adopted from the DUS guidelines of PPV & FR Authority and subsequently examined for their distinctiveness, uniformity and stability. Among the 49 assessed characters, 10 characters were monomorphic, 22 characters were dimorphic and 17 characters were polymorphic indicating their potential for varietal characterization and distinctiveness. No intra-varietal variation was observed for any of the visual characteristics and expression of characters in different varieties remained same for the two consecutive years confirming the uniformity and stability of the varieties for visual characteristics. The present study, highlights the need for and demands of zinc rich rice genotypes in Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur to conserve and protect high value traits for future promotion and utilization. On the basis of grouping characteristics unique morphological profi les could be established for all genotypes. Though, the morphological DUS descriptors establish distinctiveness of some varieties but varieties of similar background could not be discriminated hence some other markers/descriptors could be thought of for complementing the morphological DUS descriptors for establishing distinctiveness.

Tolerability and usefulness of an original fortified rice for patients with respiratory disease: a crossover trial

Tolerability and usefulness of an original fortified rice for patients with respiratory disease: a crossover trial

Supplementary Feeding Utilizing Climate-smart Indigenous Vegetables from School Gardens with Iron Fortified Rice Improved Nutritional Status of Schoolchildren

Supplementary Feeding Utilizing Climate-smart Indigenous Vegetables from School Gardens with Iron Fortified Rice Improved Nutritional Status of Schoolchildren

Effects of folic acid food fortification scenarios on the folate intake of a multi-ethnic pregnant population.

To simulate effects of different scenarios of folic acid fortification of food on dietary folate equivalents (DFE) intake in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women. A forty-four-item FFQ was used to evaluate dietary intake of the population. DFE intakes were estimated for different scenarios of food fortification with folic acid: (i) voluntary fortification; (ii) increased voluntary fortification; (iii) simulated bread mandatory fortification; and (iv) simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification. Ethnically and socio-economically diverse cohort of pregnant women in New Zealand.ParticipantsPregnant women (n 5664) whose children were born in 2009-2010. Participants identified their ethnicity as European (56·0 %), Asian (14·2 %), Māori (13·2 %), Pacific (12·8 %) or Others (3·8 %). Bread, breakfast cereals and yeast spread were main food sources of DFE in the two voluntary fortification scenarios. However, for Asian women, green leafy vegetables, bread and breakfast cereals were main contributors of DFE in these scenarios. In descending order, proportions of different ethnic groups in the lowest tertile of DFE intake for the four fortification scenarios were: Asian (39-60 %), Others (41-44 %), European (31-37 %), Pacific (23-26 %) and Māori (23-27 %). In comparisons within each ethnic group across scenarios of food fortification with folic acid, differences were observed only with DFE intake higher in the simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification v. other scenarios. If grain and rice fortification with folic acid was mandatory in New Zealand, DFE intakes would be more evenly distributed among pregnant women of different ethnicities, potentially reducing ethnic group differences in risk of lower folate intakes.

An approach towards fortification of rice

India is one of the largest producers of indigenous crops like rice, millets, wheat, maize and pulses. Inspite of having million of tonnes of production, people of different age group are suffering from the micronutrient deficiency diseases. National Family Health Survey (NHFS-4) shows that about 58 per cent of children, 53 per cent of women and 23 per cent of men are anemic and about 78 per cent of pregnant women are given iron and folic acid (IFA) pills in 2015-2016. However, only 30 per cent of pregnant women take pills at least for first 100 days of pregnancy (NFHS-4, 2016). The medium of providing iron and folic acid medication can be supported by intake of fortified rice due to its high consumption in India. About 104 million tonnes of rice produced in 2014-2015 and only 10 per cent of rice is exported and rest is consumed in India. Therefore, rice can be promoted as fortified indigenous crop to address micronutrient deficiency and will help in reducing anemia and pregnancy complications in women. Food regulatory authorities of India are also promoting the fortification in rice and wheat. This study investigates the effectiveness of various rice fortification techniques, advantages, disadvantages and recommendation for the promotion of fortified rice in rural and urban India. It elaborates the rice fortification through the process of parboiling, dusting, coating and extrusion processing.

Review of Grain Fortification Legislation, Standards, and Monitoring Documents.

Analyze the content of documents used to guide mandatory fortification programs for cereal grains. Legislation, standards, and monitoring documents, which are used to mandate, provide specifications for, and confirm fortification, respectively, were collected from countries with mandatory wheat flour (n=80), maize flour (n=11), and/or rice (n=6) fortification as of January 31, 2015, yielding 97 possible country-grain combinations (e.g., Philippines-wheat flour, Philippines-rice) for the analysis. After excluding countries with limited or no documentation, 72 reviews were completed, representing 84 country-grain combinations. Based on best practices, a criteria checklist was created with 44 items that should be included in fortification documents. Two reviewers independently scored each available document set for a given country and food vehicle (a country-grain combination) using the checklist, and then reached consensus on the scoring. We calculated the percentage of country-grain combinations containing each checklist item and examined differences in scores by grain, region, and income level. Of the 72 country-grain combinations, the majority of documentation came from countries in the Americas (46%) and Africa (32%), and most were from upper and lower middle-income countries (73%). The majority of country-grain combinations had documentation stating the food vehicle(s) to be fortified (97%) and the micronutrients (e.g., iron) (100%), fortificants (e.g., ferrous fumarate) (88%), and fortification levels required (96%). Most (78%) stated that labeling is required to indicate a product is fortified. Many country-grain combinations described systems for external (64%) monitoring, and stated that industry is required to follow quality assurance/quality control (64%), though detailed protocols (33%) and roles and responsibilities (45%) were frequently not described. Most country-grain combinations have systems in place for internal, external, and import monitoring. However, documentation of other important items that would influence product compliance to national standard, such as roles and responsibilities between agencies, the cost of regulating fortification, and enforcement strategies, are often lacking. Countries with existing mandatory fortification can improve upon these items in revisions to their documentation while countries that are beginning fortification can use the checklist to assist in developing new policies and programs.

Physicochemical interactions between rice starch and caffeic acid during boiling

Defining the physicochemical interactions that may occur during fortification of starchy foods may be of great importance in food science. In this study, DSC and 1H NMR techniques were acquired in order to examine the potential interactions between rice starch and caffeic acid, after following a hydrothermal treatment that may be used for rice fortification applications. According to DSC studies, significant changes were observed in starch thermal characteristics depending on the amount of caffeic acid added in starch-water mixture prior to heating. These changes could be attributed to the phenolic acid being probably embedded into starch-water matrix during heating and this may have altered its thermal properties and stability. Moreover, NMR studies of hydrothermally treated samples containing rice starch or caffeic acid and their mixtures showed a possible interaction of rice starch polysaccharides through H-bond formation with the phenolic acid.

Increased vitamin B5 uptake capacity of ultrasonic treated milled rice: A new method for rice fortification

White milled rice contains reduced nutritional value as a result of milling and polishing processes. This work explored a simple approach of fortifying rice through surface modification and vitamin adsorption. Exposure of white long grain rice to ultrasonic environment modified the surface from smooth to porous. Morphological analysis revealed that sonication promoted fragmentation and destruction of the surface shell and induced the formation of micropores, exposure of cell walls, and disintegration of starchy endosperm into individual starch granules. Soaking the sonicated rice in a solution of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) allowed the adsorption of the vitamin into the rice grain. The uptake of vitamin B5 in sonicated rice is 140.0% higher than the non-sonicated rice. The kinetic study indicates the rate of adsorption in porous sonicated rice is 93.9% higher than the non-sonicated rice. Adsorption investigation showed heterogeneous binding mechanism indicating the critical role of the modified porous surface of rice grain in the fortification process.

Development of fortified rice based pasta incorporated with spinach powder

Pasta was prepared from rice flour, with spinach powder (RF:LP), was incorporated with 10, 15, and 20% and spinach powder 05% in all combination on the basis of sensory evaluation. These rice flour pasta was improved nutrient content moisture, protein, ash, fibre, carbohydrate, fat, iron calcium of the pasta in the range of 8.45-9.20, 10.32-10.03, 6.80-3.80, 7.70-7.20, 2.30-1.80, 68.59-72.88, 19-18.20, 139.00-134.00, 17.40-16.90, respectively. 10 per cent linseed pasta was found best with regard to nutrient content and sensory characteristics.

Unlocking the Potential of Rice fortification in West Africa

Unlocking the Potential of Rice fortification in West Africa

Effect of multi-micronutrient-fortified rice on cognitive performance depends on premix composition and cognitive function tested: results of an effectiveness study in Cambodian schoolchildren.

Even though current policy is strongly focused on the crucial first '1000 days', it might be still possible to enhance cognitive function during the pre-adolescent and adolescent years by improving micronutrient status. In Cambodia, nutritional status is poor. Provision of rice fortified with micronutrients through a school meal programme (SMP) could be a cost-effective strategy to help improve health and school performance. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different micronutrient-fortified rice formulations on cognitive function in Cambodian children. Sixteen Cambodian schools receiving SMP. The FORISCA-UltraRice®+NutriRice® study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Four groups of four schools were randomly allocated to receive normal rice, UltraRice®Original, UltraRice®New or NutriRice®. Within each school, 132 children were randomly selected. Data on cognitive performance (picture completion, block design and Raven's coloured progressive matrices (RCPM)), anthropometry, parasite infestation and micronutrient status were collected before the intervention and after 6 months. Cognitive data were available for 1796 children aged 6-16 years. All cognitive scores improved after 6 months (P<0·001). Block design score improvement was significantly higher in children consuming UltraRice®Original (P=0·03) compared with the other fortified rice groups and placebo. No difference among groups was found on RCPM or picture completion scores. Stunting, parasite infestation and inflammation negatively affected the impact of the intervention. Combined with other interventions, using SMP to distribute fortified rice to schoolchildren may be a cost-effective way to increase cognitive performance and thereby improve school performance and educational achievements.

Impact of Feedstock, Parboiling Condition, and Nutrient Concentration on Simultaneous Fortification of Two U.S. Long‐Grain Rice Cultivars with Iron and Zinc

This work investigated the effect of parboiling on simultaneous fortification of rice with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) using rough rice and brown rice as feedstocks. Three fortificant concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mg/L for both Fe and Zn) were tested, and two long‐grain rice cultivars (CLXL745 and RoyJ) were used as test samples. Cultivar had little impact on the retention of Fe and Zn; steaming combined with soaking significantly increased the migration of Fe and Zn into the endosperm compared with soaking only. The Fe and Zn contents of the resultant parboiled head rice were related to the initial concentrations in the soaking water and were 7.2–17.6 and 21.8–31.9 mg/kg, respectively, when rough rice was used as a feedstock, and they significantly increased to 32.4–84.9 mg/kg for Fe and 45.8–78.4 mg/kg for Zn when brown rice was used as a feedstock. Mineral retention after simulated washing was 87.5–95.1% for Fe and 81.1–84.3% for Zn. Dilute‐HCl extractability as an indicator of mineral bioavailability was 66.2–72.4% for Fe and 83.4–92.0% for Zn. The results indicate that brown rice is a better feedstock than rough rice for mineral fortification via parboiling.

Rice Fortification in Costa Rica

Rice Fortification in Costa Rica

Rice Fortification: Evidence, Status, and Lessons Learned

Rice Fortification: Evidence, Status, and Lessons Learned

Scaling Up Rice Fortification in Latin America and the Caribbean

Scaling Up Rice Fortification in Latin America and the Caribbean

The Role of the Private Sector in Rice Fortification

The Role of the Private Sector in Rice Fortification

Addressing Myths and Misconceptions About Rice Fortification

Addressing Myths and Misconceptions About Rice Fortification

Technology for Rice Fortification

Technology for Rice Fortification

Landscape Analysis for Rice Fortification - Summary of Results

Landscape Analysis for Rice Fortification - Summary of Results

Understanding Factors that Influence Rice Fortification

Understanding Factors that Influence Rice Fortification