Fort Worth Research Articles

Associations between Delta-8 THC and Four Loko retail availability in Fort Worth, Texas

Associations between Delta-8 THC and Four Loko retail availability in Fort Worth, Texas

Cross-basin Mo and U analysis of the Upper Mississippian Bowland Shale, UK

Abstract The Bowland sub-basin is a target for hydrocarbon exploration, but to a large extent it remains unexplored. To determine the economic potential of the Bowland sub-basin, it is important to identify the oceanographic processes involved in the deposition of the Bowland Shale Formation in the Late Mississippian ( c. 330 Ma). Palaeoceanographic processes are known to be a major control on the development of hydrocarbon source rocks. This study investigates core (Preese Hall-1 and Becconsall-1Z) materials from the Upper Bowland Shale, and makes a comparison with previously published data (outcrop Hind Clough), all from the Bowland sub-basin, Lancashire, UK. The sedimentology and geochemistry of this formation were determined via a multi-technique approach including X-ray fluorescence, sedimentology, gamma-ray spectra, X-ray diffraction and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Key trace metal abundances and enrichment factors were used to assess sediment provenance and to determine the bottom-water redox conditions during the deposition of the Upper Bowland Shale. Our results support interpretations of contemporaneous anoxia developing in bottom waters in at least three sites in the Bowland sub-basin. In a comparison with the Fort Worth Basin (Barnett Shale, USA), the Bowland sub-basin was apparently less restricted and deposited under a much higher mean sediment accumulation rate. Knowledge from this study will improve future resource estimates of the Bowland Shale Formation, and challenge the early assumptions that the Barnett Shale is an analogue of the Bowland Shale.

Determinants Affecting Audit Delay in Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2021 Period

This study was conducted to determine the correlation between profitability, Company age, and auditor's opinion on partial or simultaneous audit delays in food and beverage industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019-2021. The following is a list of National Register of Historic Places listings in Fort Worth County (idx.co.id). samples were selected by purposive sampling technique and obtained 17 companies. The Data were processed using quantitative methods, and software program eviews 12.0, tested and analyzed by classical assumption test, panel data regression, and hypothesis test. The results showed that the variable profitability, age of the company, and the opinion of the auditor partially and simultaneously have a negative and significant effect on audit delay. Novelty of this study is the research period, research variables, research targets and treatment in sample selection. The research implication is that companies that are able to suppress audit delay figures can use funds optimally, and are able to attract the attention of investors. This has an impact on economic growth because it can recover faster and stronger.

Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty and Descemet Stripping Only Using a 3D Visualization System.

(1) Purpose: The aim was to analyze the outcomes of Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet stripping only (DSO) surgeries using a glasses-assisted NGENUITY® 3D visualization system (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA). (2) Methods: Five consecutive cases of DMEK surgery and four consecutive cases of DSO were performed using the NGENUITY® system in this prospective study carried out at the Arruzafa Hospital, Córdoba, Spain. Only one eye from each patient received surgery. Best corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) using EDTRS charts, central corneal thickness using the Casia II optical coherence tomograph (Tomey Co., Nagoya, Japan), and endothelial cell count using the Tomey EM-4000 (Tomey Co., Nagoya, Japan) for DMEK cases or the Nidek CEM-530 (Nidek Co., Ltd., Gamagori, Japan) specular microscopes for DSO cases were recorded preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postsurgery. (3) Results: DMEK cases included one male and four female subjects, with a mean age of 73.6 ± 9.5 years. Average improvement in CDVA 3 months after surgery was 0.46 ± 0.16 decimal. Average change in cell count between 1 and 3 months postsurgery was 360.75 ± 289.38 cells/mm2. DSO cases included four female subjects, with a mean age of 64.2 ± 9.7 years. The average improvement in CDVA 3 months after surgery was 0.09 ± 0.17 decimal. All cases also had phacoemulsification carried out. He average change in cell count between 1 and 3 months after surgery was 460 ± 515.69 cells/mm2. There were no associated complications during surgery or the follow-up period in any of the cases. (4) Conclusions: In addition to the known benefits of the use of a 3D visualization system during surgery, the present study shows that the system can be successfully used in both DMEK and DSO procedures with a very short learning curve for the surgeon.

Relationship between anterior capsule opening and direction of intraocular lens decentration.

To compare intraocular lens (IOL) decentration between patients in whom the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) completely covers the IOL optic and those in whom it incompletely covers the IOL optic and determine how an incompletely covered CCC affects the IOL position. A tertiary hospital in Japan. Single-center retrospective study. This study included 57 eyes of 57 patients (mean age 70.8±6.2 years) that underwent phacoemulsification and IOL (SN60WF; Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) implantation in the bag between April 2010 and April 2015. The patients were classified based on whether the CCC completely (CC group) or incompletely (NCC group) covered the IOL optic using an anterior eye segment analysis system (EAS-1000; NIDEK, Gamagori, Japan). The IOL decentration of the groups was analyzed using EAS-1000 at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively and compared. The relationship between the NCC location and IOL direction at 3 months postoperatively was analyzed. The NCC group (25 eyes) had a significantly higher amount of IOL decentration than the CC group (32 eyes) at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively (P < .05). There was a correlation between the direction of IOL decentration and NCC location, and IOL decentration in the NCC group occurred in the opposite direction to the NCC area. An anterior capsule opening that completely covers the IOL optic is important to control IOL decentration.

How Dallas Fort Worth International Airport is using modular construction to reduce development costs and timelines

Construction is one of the biggest challenges facing airports. Not only can construction negatively affect the airport experience for millions of passengers, it also can severely hamper airport operations and revenue. Yet, until recently, nearly allairport construction was performed in a similar fashion with whole sections of airports being shut down for months — often years — to build and/or renovate space from scratch. Modular construction represents a radical departure from this conventional building process. By constructing whole sections of a building off-site or landside, modular construction can dramatically minimise disruptions to airport operations and drive costs down by opening labour markets to expanded pools of talent. This paper will examine how modular construction has evolved, how it is currently being used in the renovation of Dallas Fort Worth International Airport’s Pier A and C expansion and how it could revolutionise amenity design and concession leasing.

Modified Technique of Setting Capsulotomy Thickness in Reducing Capsulotomy-Related Complications During Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery: A Prospective, Comparative Cohort Study.

Although uncommon, incomplete capsulotomy, anterior capsule tags and anterior capsule tears are still encountered during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS), resulting in surgical complications. This highlights the need to improve femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy technique to reduce capsulotomy-related complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a newly developed, modified technique of setting capsulotomy irradiation thickness in lowering the incidence of capsulotomy-related complications in FLACS. This open-label prospective, comparative cohort study included 440 eyes (220 patients) treated with FLACS using the LenSx laser system (Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Fort Worth, TX, USA). Varying capsulotomy irradiation thicknesses were applied in each eye of the same patient. In Group 1, capsulotomy irradiation thickness was set between the upper edge of the highest point of the anterior capsule and the lower edge of the lowest point of the anterior capsule (modified technique). In Group 2, this was set between the center of the highest point of the anterior capsule and the center of the lowest part of the anterior capsule (conventional technique). Incidence rates of incomplete capsulotomy, anterior capsule tags and tears, and posterior capsule tears were compared. Preoperative baseline characteristics showed no significant differences. Mean total of the irradiation thicknesses was 877.1 ± 81.9µm in Group 1 and 808.9 ± 80.0 in Group 2, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Incidences of incomplete capsulotomy were 1.8% and 7.7%, anterior capsule tags were 2.3% and 8.6%, and anterior capsule tears were 0% and 3.2% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (P = 0.006, 0.005, and 0.015, respectively). No posterior capsule tears were reported in either group. The modified technique for capsulotomy in FLACS may significantly reduce the occurrence of capsulotomy-related complications, maximizing the benefits of FLACS.

Experimental Assessment of the Performance of Dual Pneumatic Vitreous Cutters According to Gauge and Cut Rate.

To compare and analyze the performance of dual pneumatic ultra-high-speed vitreous cutters based on their cut rates, vacuum levels, and diameters in terms of flow rate and cutting time. The Constellation Vision System was used to remove egg white for 30 seconds, after which we calculated the flow rate by measuring the change in weight. We then measured the time required to remove 4 mL of egg white. We tested the UltraVit (UV) 7,500 cuts per minute (cpm) probe and the Advanced UltraVit (AUV) 10,000 cpm probe in biased open duty cycle mode, using 23-, 25-, and 27-gauge probes, respectively. In biased open duty cycle, the flow rate tended to decrease as the cut rates increased for all three gauges. At the same cut rates, the flow rate increased as the vacuum level increased (p &lt; 0.05), and as the diameter increased (p &lt; 0.05). Among cutters with the same diameter, the AUV cutter showed higher flow rates than the UV cutter, with increases of 0.267 mL/min (18.5%) at 27 gauge, 0.627 mL/min (20.8%) at 25 gauge, and 1.000 mL/min (20.7%) at 23 gauge (all p &lt; 0.05). The times required to remove 4 mL of egg white took longer with the UV cutter than the AUV cutter for all three gauges (all p &lt; 0.05). The use of a smaller gauge vitreous cutter may reduce the flow rate and increase the time required for vitrectomy, but this can be partially compensated for by increasing the vacuum level as well as using a vitreous cutter with a higher maximum cut rate, improved port size, and improved duty cycle.

Delayed onset Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibecterium) acnes endophthalmitis triggered by intravitreal steroid injection.

We report a case of delayed onset Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes, formerly Propionibacterium acnes or P. acnes) endophthalmitis with onset triggered by intravitreal steroid (triamcinolone acetonide; TA) injection in a pseudophakic patient, 7 years after cataract surgery.Methods/Patients: A 67 years old, male presented with gradual worsening of vision, eye redness and photosensitivity that started a month after intravitreal TA injection (Triescience, 4mg/0.1mL, Alcon Labs, Fort Worth, TX) for cystoid macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion in the right eye. Patient had undergone cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) in that eye 7 years prior. Exam showed visual acuity of counting fingers at 3 feet, conjunctival injection, with 2+ anterior chamber cell and 2+ vitreous haze. Uveitis work up including Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Quantiferon Gold, and syphilis IgG screen was negative. Diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal injection of antibiotics was performed and vitreous sample was sent for detailed laboratory analysis. Vitreous fluid analysis was positive for C. acnes and negative for viral, fungal and malignant cells. Although the patient received intravitreal antibiotics injection twice, the intraocular infection and inflammation persisted which eventually required an IOL and capsular bag removal, followed by insertion of a secondary IOL later. Delayed onset C. acnes endophthalmitis may be triggered by an intravitreal steroid injection in pseudophakic patients.

Unsubstantiated use of force in the killing of Atatiana Jefferson: A critical policy analysis

AbstractA sustained history of white supremacy is in the system of policing. Police engage in state‐sanctioned murders of African American women. Too many times, police state‐sanctioned violence is disregarded. A critical analysis and applicable theoretical frameworks were used to examine the Fort Worth Police Department's (FWPD's) Use of Force Policy in the case of Atatiana Jefferson's murder. The findings show cultural situatedness impacted this case. In other words, the normed cultural, social and environmental factors versus policy components influenced the case. The employed theoretical perspectives provide policymakers and researchers with critical viewpoints to deconstruct hierarchical systems of power that perpetuate injustices.

Effects of artificial tears on keratocyte cell density after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis: a prospective, comparative, interventional, contralateral eye study

Background: Flap creation during laser refractive surgery restructures the anterior cornea, particularly the stroma, reducing the keratocyte cell density (KCD). This reduced density makes it challenging to completely regenerate to the presurgical phase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two types of artificial tear (AT) interventions on KCD up to 3 months after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) surgery. Methods: This prospective, double-blind, comparative, interventional, contralateral eye study recruited patients with myopia scheduled for FS-LASIK. Inclusion criteria were healthy individuals aged 19 – 25 years with moderate or high myopia, a maximum cylindrical error of - 1.25 diopters, and a maximum pupil size of 6.5 mm who had undergone FS-LASIK and completed 3 months of follow-up. Complete optometric and ophthalmologic examinations were performed. Bilateral simultaneous FS-LASIK surgery was performed using the same femtosecond laser platform as in the standard procedure. The Research Randomizer was used to determine the eye to be treated with Systane® Hydration (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) or Systane® ULTRA (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) AT. KCD was examined using real-time images obtained from in vivo confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 with the Rostock Cornea Module, HRT III RCM); Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) at baseline and 1- and 3-month postoperative visits. Results: We included 60 eyes of 30 participants with a mean (standard deviation) age of 21.34 (1.85) years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1 who completed 3-month post-FS-LASIK surgery follow-up. KCD did not differ significantly between the two groups at any visit (all P &gt; 0.05); nevertheless, mean KCD was initially reduced up to 1 month postoperatively and then revealed a slight increase up to 3 months postoperatively in Systane® Hydration-treated eyes and continued to reduce in Systane® ULTRA-treated eyes. Intragroup comparisons revealed that the eyes treated with ATs experienced a significant reduction in KCD between the preoperative and 1-month postoperative visits and between the preoperative and 3-month postoperative visits (all P &lt; 0.05). Treatment-related complications were not observed. Conclusions: Overall, KCD reduced up to 3 months post-FS-LASIK surgery. Both AT types exerted a comparable effect on postoperative KCD up to 3 months. Future studies with a more frequent administration of ATs, longer follow-up periods, and a control group are required before preliminary outcomes of the present study can be generalized.

Visual outcomes and rotational stability of a new non-diffractive extended-vision toric intraocular lens

ObjectifÉvaluer les résultats visuels et la stabilité rotationnelle des lentilles intraoculaires (LIO) chez des patients qui subissent une chirurgie de la cataracte bilatérale immédiatement séquentielle s'accompagnant de l'implantation d'une LIO torique non diffractive à profondeur de champ étendue. NatureÉtude de cohorte non comparative réalisée dans un seul établissement. ParticipantsUn total de 20 patients (40 yeux) ayant d'importantes cataractes et un astigmatisme cornéen qui ont subi une chirurgie de la cataracte bilatérale immédiatement séquentielle s'accompagnant de l'implantation d'une LIO de marque AcrySof IQ Vivity Extended Vision (Alcon Laboratories Inc., Fort Worth, Texas). MéthodesL'acuité visuelle non corrigée (AVNC) binoculaire et la meilleure acuité visuelle corrigée (MAVC) monoculaire ont été évaluées pour la vision de loin (6 m), à distance intermédiaire (66 cm) et de près (40 cm) 1 semaine et 3 mois après l'intervention. La stabilité rotationnelle de chacune des LIO a été mesurée au jour 1, après 1 semaine et après 3 mois. Un questionnaire validé sur les troubles visuels (QUVID, pour Questionnaire for Visual Disturbances) a servi à mesurer les troubles visuels subjectifs tels que signalés par les patients avant l'intervention et 3 mois après celle-ci. RésultatsL'AVNC binoculaire de loin, à distance intermédiaire et de près (moyenne ± é.-t.) se chiffrait à 0,00 ± 0,16, à 0,09 ± 0,08 et à 0,14 ± 0,11 logMAR 1 semaine après l'intervention, et à 0,01 ± 0,06, à 0,08 ± 0,08 et à 0,14 ± 0,07 logMAR 3 mois après l'intervention, respectivement. La MAVC monoculaire de loin s'est améliorée : elle est passée de 0,22 ± 0,23 logMAR avant l'intervention à 0,02 ± 0,06 logMAR 3 mois après l'intervention. La MAVC monoculaire à 3 mois s’élevait à 0,08 ± 0,08 logMAR pour la vision à distance intermédiaire et à 0,05 ± 0,08 logMAR pour la vision de près. La rotation des LIO par rapport à l'axe d'implantation prévu était de 2,5 ± 1,7 degrés à la semaine 1 et de 1,7 ± 1,7 degré 3 mois après l'intervention. ConclusionsLa LIO AcrySof IQ Vivity Extended Vision a donné de bons résultats en matière d'AVNC et de MAVC pour la vision de loin, à distance intermédiaire et de près. Cette LIO procure en outre une excellente stabilité rotationnelle en vue de la correction de l'astigmatisme.

Introducing the New Editorial Team

Introducing the New Editorial Team

Three-Dimensional Visualization System for Vitreoretinal Surgery: Results from a Monocentric Experience and Comparison with Conventional Surgery.

To describe the experience of our centre (Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy) in using a heads-up three-dimensional (3D) surgical viewing system in vitreoretinal surgery, making a comparison with the conventional microscope surgery. We retrospectively analyzed data taken from 240 patients (240 eyes) with surgical macular diseases (macular hole and epiretinal membrane), retinal detachment or vitreous hemorrhage who underwent vitreoretinal surgeries, by means of the NGENUITY 3D Visualization System (Alcon Laboratories Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA), in comparison with 210 patients (210 eyes) who underwent vitreoretinal surgeries performed using a conventional microscope. All surgeries were performed with standardized procedures by the same surgeons. We analyzed data over a follow-up period of 6 months, comparing the surgical outcomes (best-corrected visual acuity, anatomical success rate and postoperative complication rate) between the two groups. the 3D group included 74 patients with retinal detachment, 78 with epiretinal membrane, 64 with macular hole and 24 with vitreous hemorrhage. There were no significant differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics between the 3D group and the conventional group. We found no significant differences in outcome measures at three and six months follow-up between the two groups (p-value ≥ 0.05 for all comparisons). Surgery durations were similar between the two groups. In our experience, a heads-up 3D surgical viewing system provided comparable functional and anatomical outcomes in comparison with conventional microscope surgery, proving to be a valuable tool for vitreoretinal surgery in the treatment of different retinal diseases.

Invited Commentary: Gun Control and the US: What Works?

Fort Worth, TX Disclosures: Nothing to disclose. Disclosures outside the scope: Dr. Freeman is a paid robotics instructor at Intuitive Surgical.

Developing an online accessibility course for health science educators

The UNT Health Science Center at Fort Worth has approximately 2,472 students in DO, PA, PT, pharmacy, public health, and biomedical sciences programs across five colleges and approximately 285 faculty members whose primary role is instruction. The Office of Disability Access manages disability accommodations for the university. Currently, there are 156 students receiving accommodations.

The Incidence of Optic Cracks or Fractures During a Foldable AcrySof or Acriva BB Acrylic Monofocal Intraocular Lens Implantation via the Manual Monarch Injector System With the Cartridge in Phacoemulsification Surgery.

To evaluate the incidence of optic cracks and/or fractures during foldable acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation via the manual Monarch delivery system with the cartridge and to determine factors that help to avoid such complications. Small-incision phacoemulsification surgery was performed in 702 eyes with visually significant cataract formation. A foldable acrylic soft IOL (AcrySofâMA60BM/MA30BA, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) or a single-piece acrylic soft IOL (Acriva BBâ, VSY Biotechnology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) was inserted in all eyes using a cartridge and viscoelastic agents (sodium hyaluronate, Healon®, Advanced Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA, USA). Postoperative central, paracentral, or peripheral optic cracks or fractures were encountered in a total of six of 702 eyes (0.85%). Four of six lenses (0.57%) had optic cracks within the IOL substance, whereas two of 702 cases (0.28%) had full-thickness IOL fractures in the substance in multiple locations. Three of the four lenses with optic cracks were noted to be handled by tying forceps during the cartridge insertion, and one of them was the complication of holding forceps. Two IOLs with full-thickness optic fractures were encountered during the insertion of the IOLs in the capsular bag as a result of direct trauma to the lens optic by the plunger of the injector system overriding the lens optic during cartridge passage. None of the patients suffered from glare or other visual disturbances postoperatively, and, therefore, none of the six eyes required lens replacement. The unintentional extensive pressure effect of the forceps during the holding process of the IOL or the direct trauma to the lens optic by the plunger of injector systems may cause optic cracks or fractures. Physicians should continue to monitor the eyes postoperatively regularly and must determine the benefits and risks to be derived from lens replacement, if such patients complain of significant glare, image degradation, and visual disturbances. We recommend the use of preloaded lenses, which have their own delivery systems and cartridges, to minimize the risk of such complications.

Analyzing the Impact of Strategies for Separating Trucks and Cars: IH 20 Truck-Only Lane Case Study

This research examined the use of truck-only lanes to separate truck freight traffic from general passenger traffic along the 32-mi interstate highway (IH) 20 corridor between Dallas and Fort Worth, TX, United States. The corridor was selected because of its high truck percentage, locations of complex weaving and interactions between trucks and automobiles, and grade change issues that affect truck performance and raise safety concerns. The simulation-based modeling approach leveraged both mesoscopic and microscopic modeling methods. Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA)-based multiresolution modeling examined the regional impact of adding truck-only lanes along the entire IH 20 study corridor, whereas microsimulation focused on a specific segment with distinct operational challenges to model the interaction between truck traffic and general passenger traffic. The DTA mesoscopic model for the region predicted that around 3,000 trucks daily might shift to the dedicated truck-only lanes in both directions giving a travel time saving of 12% in each direction compared with the base case (no build). Focusing on the microsimulation case study to add an inside truck-only climbing lane on a 5-mi segment on IH 20, the model predicted an average increase in speed of 11 mph for eastbound traffic during the morning peak-hour but limited travel time benefits during the morning and afternoon peak hours in either direction. Reasonable safety and operational benefits were observed based on the analysis.

Capturing Small-Scale Surface Temperature Variation across Diverse Urban Land Uses with a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Urbanization increases the urban land surface temperature (LST), challenging society and the environment. This study measured the LST of diverse land uses (LU) in Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) using a high-resolution (8 cm) thermal infrared sensor onboard a small, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). LUs included park (PA), industrial (IA), residential low-cost (RLC), and residential high-cost (RHC) areas. LST was collected by the UAV at different times on eight nonconsecutive days. UAV-collected LST was compared with that from Landsat 8-9 and in situ measurements. RHC reported the highest mean LST, and PA showed the lowest mean LST. Dark-colored asphalt shingle roofs in RHC had the highest mean LST range at 35.67 °C. Lower LST was measured in shaded areas and under thick green cover, whereas areas with thin green cover occasionally reported higher LST than pavements. The micro-urban heat island (MUHI) was calculated between LUs and within land cover types (roof, pavement, green, and water). The MUHI varied from 4.83 °C to 15.85 °C between LUs and 0.2 °C to 23.5 °C within LUs for the less than 1 km2 study area. While the UAV thermal sensor and Landsat demonstrated a similar trend of LST variation, the UAV sensor reported more intense MUHI. An average percent bias (PBIAS) of 5.1% was calculated between the UAV sensor and in situ measurements. This study helps inform the urban design process by demonstrating how land use decisions impact LST locally and provides valuable insight for studies concerned with fine-scale urban LST variability.

Comparison of the Rate of Posterior Capsule Opacification Following Combined Treatment With Topical Dexamethasone 0.1% Plus Ketorolac 0.5% Eye Drops Versus Dexamethasone 0.1% Alone: A Two-Year, Randomized Clinical Investigation.

Background and aim The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in animals decreases the incidence of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) following cataract surgery. We evaluated the rate of PCO in patients with cataract surgery and foldable "in the bag" posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation treated with combined dexamethasone 0.1% plus ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% versus dexamethasone 0.1% alone. Materials and methods A total of 114 eyes of 101 patients underwent uneventful corneal small-incision phacoemulsification with primary implantation of a foldable acrylic PC-IOL (AcrySof®, Alcon, Fort Worth, USA). Postoperatively for four weeks, group 1 eyes were treated with dexamethasone 0.1% plus ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solutions four times daily for each whereas group 2 eyes were treated with dexamethasone 0.1% alone. Other regiments were the same for each group. Patients were evaluated between one- and four-yearfollowing surgery. The frequency and timing of severe PCO following surgery that needed Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were recorded and evaluated. Results The mean (SEM) age of group 1 (n = 54) and group 2 (n = 60) at operation was similar (62.8 ± 2.2 vs. 60.6 ± 1.7 years, respectively). Eighty-eight patients had unilateral cataract and 13 cases had bilateral disease. Overall, the mean follow-up duration was 24.7 months postoperatively (range, 15-48). Clinically significant PCO that finally needed Nd:YAG laser application developed in two eyes (3.7%) in group 1 and in four eyes (6.6%) in group 2, and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean month at capsulotomy was 26.5 in group 1 and 24.3 months in group 2 eyes (p>0.05). Conclusions Topical instillation of ketorolac ophthalmic solution in the immediate period after phacoemulsification and PC-IOL implantation did not seem to influence the incidence of PCO formation two years after cataract surgery.