Soap Formulations Research Articles

MES surfactant-based liquid soaps added with eco-enzyme and pandan wangi leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) on physical-chemistry properties, and antibacterial activity,"

The growing demand for liquid soap has spurred innovations in soap formulations, particularly using methyl ester sulfonate (MES) as a surfactant base combined with natural ingredients like eco-enzyme and fragrant pandan leaf extract. This study aimed to determine the optimal liquid soap formulation by evaluating physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The research was conducted in two stages. First, liquid soap was produced at different temperatures (20°C, 50°C, and 100°C) to identify the optimal temperature based on maximum lipase activity. In the second stage, various formulations were prepared, incorporating eco-enzyme and fragrant pandan leaf extract at the identified optimal temperature. The six formulations tested were: F1 (MES-based soap), F2 (20% eco-enzyme), F3 (15% eco-enzyme and 5% fragrant pandan leaf extract), F4 (10% eco-enzyme and 10% fragrant pandan leaf extract), F5 (5% eco-enzyme and 15% fragrant pandan leaf extract), and F6 (20% fragrant pandan leaf extract). The formulations were assessed for lipase activity, pH, density, and viscosity. The most effective formulation was further tested for antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method with six treatments, including MES-based soap and controls. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA revealed that adding eco-enzyme and fragrant pandan leaf extract significantly affected the soap's properties. The optimal formulation, containing 5% eco-enzyme and 15% fragrant pandan leaf extract, exhibited a lipase activity of 15,778 U/mL, a pH of 5.02, a density of 1.06 g/mL, a viscosity of 3.59 cP, and an antibacterial zone of 37.22 mm, making it the best candidate for further development

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Soap Containing Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) for Enhanced Skin Health

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a herbal soap formulation containing Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) and other natural ingredients to promote skin health. The soap was prepared using the double boiling method, incorporating Tulsi powder, turmeric, aloe vera gel, almond oil, rose water, and lavender essential oil into a glycerin soap base. The formulation process and ingredient selection were based on the therapeutic properties of each component, with a focus on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and moisturizing effects. The resulting soap was subjected to various evaluation parameters, including organoleptic properties, physical characteristics such as foam retention, foamability, and pH, as well as skin sensitivity and irritation tests. The herbal soap demonstrated favorable characteristics in terms of appearance, odor, and skin compatibility. Its natural composition offers potential advantages over conventional soaps, including the absence of harsh chemicals and the presence of active phytochemicals that may benefit skin health. This study contributes to the growing body of research on natural cosmetic formulations and highlights the potential of herbal ingredients in personal care products. Further research, including clinical trials, is recommended to fully elucidate the efficacy and long-term benefits of this herbal soap formulation for various skin types and conditions

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Soap

Crinum latifoliuma - a well-known ornamental species, a well-known domestic herb in India, belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. Crinum latifolium. The plant is Ayurveda known as "Sudarshana" or Sukhdarshan. It means that just looking at it brings peace and satisfaction (seeing it). The roots, stems, flowers and leaves of Crinum latifolium are used in herbal therapy and are also used as an ornamental plant. Qualitative analysis of different phytochemical components and evaluation of leaves, sieving in different solutions, preparation of leaf juice soap all available information from literature.

Uji Aktivitas Sediaan Sabun Padat Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Sanctum L.) dan Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum Conyzoides Sleberex Steud) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes

Solid soap is a preparation used to clean the skin from dirt and bacteria. Basil leaves and bandotan leaves are plants that have secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids that have the potential to be antibacterial. This study was to formulate solid soap from ethanol extract of basil leaf and bandotan leaf as an antibacterial, to determine the formulation of solid soap of bandotan leaf extract and basil extract which has the strongest inhibition zone in the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. This research method is an experimental method by making basil leaf extract and bandotan leaf extract by maceration with 96% alcohol. Solid soap formulations are made with 3 concentration variations, namely formulation 1 basil extract 7.5% and bandotan extract 12.5%, formulation 2 basil extract 10% and bandotan extract 10% and formulation 3 basil extract 12.5% and bandotan extract 7.5%. Then the antibacterial activity of solid soap was tested with Propionibacterium acnes bacteria by the well dilution method. Conclusion The formulation of basil leaf extract and bandotan leaf extract has antibacterial activity, solid soap preparations from basil leaf extract and bandotan leaf extract have met the quality requirements, in formulations 2 and 3 basil leaf extract and bandotan leaf extract have a strong inhibition zone of 6.7 mm. Then the data was analyzed using one way ANOVA.

Formulation & Evaluation of Paper Soap Strip from Orange Peel Extract

The aim of the formulation and Evaluation of paper soap by using Orange peel oil with a rose water. .Determine the quality of soap which is for disposable hand wash Orange oil is produced by cells within the rind of an orange fruit (Citrus sinensis fruit). The essential oils is extracted as a by-product of orange juice production by centrifugation, producing a cold- pressed oil. The therapeutic uses of orange oil are antiseptic, antidepressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, diuretic, cholagogue, sedative and tonic. It helps to improve the skin naturally. Orange peels contain citric acid which helps for lightening and brightening the skin. Different parameters were used to evaluate the paper soap such as foam test, solubility test, Thickness test, size and shape.

Formulation and evaluation of herbal scrub soap

Scrubbing Soap are the agents which are use to remove the dead cell from skin, pigmentation and blackheads, white heads and make skin glowing, smooth, soft and healthy. Scrubbing soap can be directly applied onto the skin by gently massage is recommended on application of the scrubbing soap which helps to improve blood circulation and increase oxygen supply to all surface of the skin. Due to some environmental factors many people face some problem like pigmentation and uneven skin tone. Solution for this problem is use of scrubbing soap which consist ingredients which increases cleansing, softening, moisturizing, fairness of skin. In this preparation neem, tulsi and poppy seeds are use as main active ingredients. Other ingredients like glycerin base, essential oil and rose water, ritha powder, alovera, turmeric vitamin E are use in the formulation. Thus, the developed formulation can be used as an effective scrubbing soap for using it to bear a healthy and glowing skin. Ayurvedic cosmetics are also known as the herbal cosmetics the natural content in the herbs does not have any side effect on the human body most herbal supplement are based on several botanical ingredients with long histories of traditional or folk medicine usage. Among the numerous botonical ingredients available in the market today. Numerous chemical toxins microorganism present in the atmosphere may cause chemical infection and damage to skin cosmetics alone are not sufficient to take care of skin and body parts. Neem (Azadirachta indica) tree has attracted worldwide prominance owing to its wide range of medicinal properties, neem leaves and its constituents have been demonstrated to exhibit anti–inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiulcer, antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract from neem leaves.

Formulation and Physical Quality Testing of Solid Soap From a Combination of Citronella Oil with Patchouli Leaf Oil Againts Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

Bacteria on the skin can cause infections ranging from mild to quite serious. Bacteria that are commonly found on human skin are the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The choice for making antibacterial solid soap based on active ingredients from patchouli oil and citronella oil is that this oil has inhibitory power in the growth of bacteria on the skin, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this research is to determine how large the inhibition zone is produced by the antibacterial solid soap formulation and to determine the characteristics and physical quality tests of the solid soap preparation combining citronella oil with patchouli leaf oil so that it is safe to use. The method used is a pure experimental method. Data collection was carried out for 4 weeks according to the testing time and then analyzed using the Graphad application. The results of the research on the inhibition zone test used 2 concentrations, namely 50% and 100%, each formulation had different average results, namely at F2 50% the average was 21 mm with a very strong category, at F2 100% the average was 19.5 mm with the strong category, at F3 50% we get an average of 16 mm in the strong category and at F3 100% we get an average of 18.6 mm in the strong category. In the tests that have been carried out, it was concluded that citronella oil and patchouli leaf oil can be made into antiseptic solid soap and can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results of testing physical quality characteristics for 4 weeks have met the standard requirements for solid soap.

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Sabun Mandi Cair Menggunakan Sari Buah Bit (Beta Vulgaris L.) Sebagai Pelembab Kulit

Liquid bath soap is a liquid preparation used to clean the skin, made from soap base ingredients with added surfactants, foam stabilizers and fragrances, which is used when bathing without irritating to the skin. Liquid bath soap is made by saponifying oil and fat with KOH. Quality soap must have high detergent power, can be used on various types of materials and remain effective at different temperatures and water levels. In this study, this liquid bath soap used the addition of beetroot juice which is rich in benefits for skin health. The aim of this research is to find out whether beetroot juice formulated into liquid bath soap will have a moisturizing effect on the skin, and determine the concentration of beetroot juice as the best skin moisturizer. This research is made into four formulas. First without the addition of F0 Beetroot Juice (0%), Second with the addition of F1 Beetroot Juice (10%), Third with the addition of F2 Beetroot Juice (15%), Fourth with the addition of F3 Beetroot Juice (20%). From the results of this research, we got good results in the liquid bath soap formulation with the addition of 20% beetroot juice (F3), and from the results, the F3 formulation (20%) was also the most preferred by the panelists for the aroma and color of the fruit juice liquid bath soap beet.

Formulation and Development of Herbal Soap

This study aims to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of a herbal soap enriched with natural botanical extracts for skincare. Object: The primary objective is to assess the antimicrobial activity and sensory attributes of the herbal soap compared to commercially available synthetic soaps. Materials: The soap formulation included botanical extracts of lavender (Lavandulaangustifolia), chamomile (Matricariachamomilla), and calendula (Calendula officinalis), sourced locally. Other materials included base oils, sodium hydroxide, and distilled water. Methods: The soap was produced using the cold-process method, wherein oils were mixed with lye solution, followed by the addition of herbal extracts at appropriate stages. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar well diffusion method. Sensory evaluations were conducted through a panel of volunteers for attributes such as fragrance, lather quality, and skin feel

Enhancing Gambir's Economic Value from Processing to Bath Soap Raw Materials: Community Service Program

Gambir, an extract derived from the leaves and branches of the gambir plant, holds significant potential for enhancing the local economy and its benefits as a cosmetics product. Jorong Balai Tampuak Pinang, Nagari Simpang Kapuak, Kecamatan Mungka, was one of the areas producing traditional gambir in Lima Puluh Kota district, West Sumatra, Indonesia. This community service initiative aimed to augment the economic value of gambir from its processing to raw materials of bath soap. The initiative began with an educational session for training participants, outlining the advantages of gambir in skincare and how to incorporate it into bath soap formulations. Following the learning session, participants actively produced gambir-contained bath soap utilizing the provided formula. The activity received favorable feedback from participants who appreciated enhancing knowledge and skills. The outcomes of this endeavor underscore the substantial potential of developing body care products utilizing gambir as a primary ingredient. Participant testimonials underscore the need to conduct similar community engagement activities to harness Gambir's further utilization of other personal care products. The collaboration between the pharmacy study program and the local community has opened new avenues for local economic development and sustainable growth, significantly impacting the local population's well-being in the region.

Antioxidant Activity in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Products in The Form of Formulations and Preparations of Telang Flower Kombucha Hand Soap (Clitoria ternatea L)

Free radicals need to be handled and even prevented so that they are not exposed to the skin, especially the hands. One solution to preventing the exposure of free radicals to the skin of the hands is to wash your hands with herbal soap which is made from the active ingredient of telang flower kombucha. Telang flower kombucha was designed as an active ingredient in the formulation and hand washing soap preparation in this research has been proven as a pharmaceutical biotechnology product in warding off free radicals. This research was designed by making a formulation and preparation of telang flower kombucha hand washing soap at concentrations of 20%, 30% and 40% then measuring it using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Based on statistical analysis, especially post hoc analysis of pharmaceutical biotechnology products in the form of formulations and preparations of telang flower kombucha hand washing soap at a concentration of 40%, it is significantly different from 20% and 30% as a source of antioxidants.

Utilizing Used Cooking Oil and Organic Waste: A Sustainable Approach to Soap Production

This research examined the potential for utilizing waste materials generated during the production of dishes/meals and organic waste. Specifically, it evaluated the use of orange peel (OP), spent coffee grounds (SCG), and waste cooking oil in the production of soaps. For the purposes of this study, homemade soaps were made from used food oils using the cold saponification method using sodium hydroxide. During the soap preparation, spent coffee grounds and orange peel were added to the samples in increasing concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, and 5%. The quality of the individual types of homemade soaps was evaluated on the basis of physicochemical properties such as pH, moisture, total alkalinity, total fatty matter, malondialdehyde content, fat content, foaminess, and hardness. All soaps produced using the cooking oil met the ISO quality criteria and reveal a high TFM content, low moisture content, and also very good foam stability and satisfactory foaming stability. However, no relationship was observed between the use of OP and SCG in soap production and these parameters. However, according to the ABTS test, OP and SCG significantly contributed to the antioxidant properties of the soaps, while SCG-impregnated soaps performed slightly better in this respect. Soaps with SCG also had the highest levels of flavonoids. On the other hand, the fillers used for the soap formulation reduced their hardness. All soaps showed 100% solubility in water, thus confirming the biodegradability of the product. This study demonstrated the novel potential of incorporating waste products like orange peel, spent coffee grounds, and waste cooking oil into homemade soaps, highlighting their contributions to its antioxidant properties and water solubility while ensuring high quality standards.

Formulation of Solid Soap of Kaolin Clay Using Sucrose Ester

Abstract Kaolin solid soap is one of the soaps that can be used to remove heavy dirt (Najis mughalladzah). Sucrose esters are a unique group of emulsifiers that are non-ionic surfactants and completely biodegradable. They are obtained by the transesterification of methyl ester with sucrose. This research aims to obtain the best concentration of sucrose ester and kaolin clay and to know the characteristics and quality of soil soap. Soap was made by finding the suitable concentration for the ingredients used to make soap based on Islamic Sharia law, where the amount of soil based on the edict (fatwa) of the Ulama Council is a minimum of 5 In this study, variations in the concentration of sucrose ester used were 2, 4, and 6%, while the concentrations of kaolin clay were 20, 25, and 30%. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications. Observations of the soil soap bar include pH, foam test, hardness level, moisture content, free fatty acids, and organoleptic tests. The best formulation of soil soap based on organoleptic test results is soap with a concentration of 25% kaolin and 4% sucrose ester.

Research on: Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal soap

People have been using medicinal plants for centuries to treat various ailments. The extract from the leaves, stems, and roots of these plants has been a natural remedy for many health issues. Commercial soaps often contain harmful ingredients, making natural herbal soaps a good alternative. Bacterial skin infections are common and require proper treatment and skincare. Some herbal plant extracts and oils have been found to have antibacterial properties. To address this, an antibacterial Polyherbal soap was formulated using ingredients like curcumin, neem, lemon juice, aloe vera, and almond oil. Neem leaves have traditionally been used to treat skin disorders due to their antioxidant properties. Lemon water has antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities that keep the skin healthy and rejuvenated. Aloe vera is known for preventing aging, reducing acne, and moisturizing the skin. Turmeric is beneficial for treating skin injuries and conditions like psoriasis. The Polyherbal soap was tested for its antibacterial activity and showed positive results. So, the use of medicinal plants in soap production offers cost-effective benefits with minimal side effects.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Soap

Numerous chemical toxins and microorganisms present in the The atmosphere may cause chemical infection and damage to the Skin cosmetics alone are not sufficient to take care of the Skin. Herbal soap ingredients use neem, tulsi, and turmeric and alovera were found effective against Dermatophytes, turmeric shows anti-inflammatory and Anti-bacterial properties and tulsi shows anti-viral Activity.

REVIEW ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL SOAP

REVIEW ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL SOAP

Comparison of Organic Liquid Soap Made from Papaya-Turmeric and Aloe Vera-Piper Betel

<p>In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the imperative to mitigate pathogen transmission has catalyzed the innovation of soaps imbued with antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Diverging from conventional reliance on synthetic chemicals, often associated with adverse dermatological reactions, this study explores the formulation of organic liquid soaps. These soaps leverage naturally occurring antibacterial and antimicrobial compounds from readily accessible plants, presenting a viable alternative to commercially available inorganic body washes predominantly manufactured by small to medium-sized enterprises. Specifically, this research harnesses papaya and aloe vera extracts for their antimicrobial attributes, augmented with turmeric and piper betel for enhanced antibacterial efficacy. Despite the recognized potency of turmeric and piper betel, variability in their effectiveness necessitates rigorous validation against the Indonesian National Standards (SNI) to ensure product quality and safety. This includes comprehensive evaluations of pH levels, density, Total Plate Count (TPC), and Mold and Yeast Count (MYC) to certify the soap's inhibitory capacity against bacterial and fungal proliferation. Employing maceration and hot processing techniques, the formulated papaya-based soap adhered to SNI 4085:2017 criteria for pH and MYC, although initially failing the TPC test. Subsequent incorporation of turmeric extract facilitated compliance with all SNI benchmarks. Conversely, aloe vera formulations only satisfied pH requirements under the SNI, even after adding piper betel. However, substituting piper betel with turmeric extract enabled the aloe vera soap to fulfill the requisite SNI parameters. These findings underscore turmeric extract's superior antibacterial properties, positioning it as a pivotal component in papaya and aloe vera soap formulations. Contrary to prevalent assumptions regarding piper betel's antimicrobial and antibacterial effectiveness, our investigation substantiates turmeric's superior role in bacterial growth inhibition within organic soap matrices.</p>

TELANG FLOWER KOMBUCHA SOLID BATH SOAP AS A HALAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCT

Excellent health is part of having immunity which tends to be stable, where normal flora is the most important parameter in increasing the body's resistance. Normal flora that is not well controlled can also increase the body's immune system to become threatened so that disease and infection have the potential to attack each individual. Smelly armpits are a sign of disease or Staphylococcus hominis infection. Women's intimate organs experiencing vaginal discharge is a sign of disease or infection caused by Candida albicans. The solution that can be offered to inhibit the growth of these two microbes is to bathe using herbal soap that is environmentally friendly and antimicrobial, namely solid bath soap made from the active ingredient of telang flower kombucha. This research aims to produce environmentally friendly pharmaceutical biotechnology products in the form of solid bath soap formulations and preparations made from the active ingredient of telang flower kombucha. This research is a laboratory experiment by making a solid bath soap base without active substances and a solid bath soap made from the active ingredient of butterfly pea flower kombucha with sugar concentrations including 20%, 30% and 40%. This research has proven that solid bath soap with the active ingredient telang flower kombucha at a concentration of 40% is significantly different as a pharmaceutical biotechnology product in inhibiting the growth of the two test microbes, both bacteria that cause underarm odor and pathogenic fungi that cause vaginal discharge in women's intimate organs at concentrations of 20% and 30%. based on one-way ANOVA analysis with a P value <0.05. This research can be proven and concluded that telang flower kombucha solid bath soap at a concentration of 40% is an effective treatment as a pharmaceutical biotechnology product and as an antimicrobial for both bacteria that cause underarm odor and pathogenic fungi that cause vaginal discharge in women's intimate organs

Formulation dan Phyical Stability Test Of Turi Leaf Extract (Sesbania grandiflora L.) Silver Nanoparticle Soap

One metal that is widely researched is silver (Ag) which can be used as an antibacterial and antifungal. The method that is widely developed is the biological method, also called biosynthesis. Biosynthesis is a synthesis method using media from plant extracts. This research was conducted to determine the best formulation of Ag nanoparticle soap from turi (sesbania grandiflora) leaf extract based on its stability test. To obtain turi leaf extraction using the infusion method, a flavonoid compound test was carried out to determine the flavonoid compound content. After knowing the existence of flavonoid compounds, the wavelength was determined using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. In the nanoparticle soap formula, a nanoparticle soap preparation was made which was then tested for the physical quality of Ag nanoparticle soap from turi leaf extract (Sesbania Grandiflora L). The gel-shaped preparation has a characteristic oleum rosae odor and a yellow to blackish soap color. Test the homogeneity to see if there are coarse grains on the surface of the soap. The specific gravity test results of all soap formulations meet the criteria for good soap. The high foam value in soap preparations is between 6.1 – 12.5 mM. The results of measuring the absorption values for concentrations of 1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM show that the optimum absorption results in liquid soap preparations are a concentration of 3 mM with a wavelength of 300 nm with an absorbance value of 1.105. The research results showed that turi leaf extract (sesbania grandiflora L) had an effect on the physical stability of Ag nanoparticle soap and met the standards set by SNI. Among formulation 1 with a concentration of 0.03, formulation II with a concentration of 0.06 and formulation III with a concentration of 0.09, the turi leaf extract soap preparation showed the best physical properties in formulation 1 with a concentration of 0.03 in the pH stability test.

LIQUID SOAP FORMULATION FROM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CASSAVA LEAVES (Manihot esculenta Crantz) WITH COCAMIDE DEA AS SURFACTANT

The ethanol extract of cassava leaves contains various secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella sp., and thus can be used as active ingredients in liquid soap preparation. Liquid soap formulations generally use sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant, which can cause irritation and skin dryness. This study aimed to formulate an ethanol extract from cassava leaves into a liquid soap preparation using cocamide DEA as a surfactant to reduce skin irritation. The study was conducted in an experimental laboratory. Cassava leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol. Three liquid soap formulas from cassava leaf extract were developed with different extract concentrations: F1 (1%), F2 (3%), and F3 (5%). The liquid soaps were evaluated in terms of organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, foam height, and foam stability. The study showed that cassava leaves extract could be formulated into a homogeneous liquid soap with a pH range of 7.0–7.5, viscosity of 143.6–306.2 cps, foam height of 53.33–60.00 mm, and foam stability of 75.01–82.36%. F3 is the optimum formula with the best physical characteristics of the preparation in terms of organoleptic properties, foam height, and foam stability. Keywords: cocamide DEA, cassava leaves, liquid soap, surfactant