Hydrogen Peroxide Formulation Research Articles

Efficacy of microbicidal actives and formulations for inactivation of Lassa virus in suspension

The World Health Organization’s R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases for 2022 includes Lassa fever, signifying the need for research and development in emergency contexts. This disease is caused by the arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV). Being an enveloped virus, LASV should be susceptible to a variety of microbicidal actives, although empirical data to support this expectation are needed. We evaluated the virucidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, ethanol, a formulated dual quaternary ammonium compound, an accelerated hydrogen peroxide formulation, and a p-chloro-m-xylenol formulation, per ASTM E1052-20, against LASV engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). A 10-μL volume of virus in tripartite soil (bovine serum albumin, tryptone, and mucin) was combined with 50 μL of disinfectant in suspension for 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 min at 20–25 °C. Neutralized test mixtures were quantified by GFP expression to determine log10 reduction. Remaining material was passaged on Vero cells to confirm absence of residual infectious virus. Input virus titers of 6.6–8.0 log10 per assay were completely inactivated by each disinfectant within 1–5 min contact time. The rapid and substantial inactivation of LASV suggests the utility of these microbicides for mitigating spread of infectious virus during Lassa fever outbreaks.

Repeated disinfectant use in broiler houses and pig nursery units does not affect disinfectant and antibiotic susceptibility in Escherichia coli field isolates

BackgroundDisinfectants are frequently used in animal production to reduce or eliminate the load of infectious agents and parasites in buildings and equipment associated with the housing or transportation of animals. There are growing concerns that the use of disinfectants would select for resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of repeated use of different disinfectants on the disinfectant and antibiotic susceptibility under practical conditions in a broiler and pig pilot farm. Therefore, the susceptibility of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to 14 antibiotics and 4 disinfectants was monitored over a one-year period.ResultsHigh (20–50%) to very high (> 50%) resistance levels for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and tetracycline were observed in both animal production types. Disinfectant susceptibility did not change over time and did not depend on the used disinfection product. Compared to in-use concentrations of formaldehyde, benzalkoniumchloride and a peracetic acid - hydrogen peroxide formulation, all E. coli strains remained susceptible indicating that the use of disinfectants did not select for disinfectant resistance. Moreover, no association could be found between the use of disinfectants and antibiotic resistance.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that repeated use of disinfectants in agricultural environments does not select for antibiotic resistance nor does it reduce disinfectant susceptibility.

Advances in Legionella Control by a New Formulation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Silver Salts in a Hospital Hot Water Network.

Legionella surveillance is an important issue in public health, linked to the severity of disease and the difficulty associated with eradicating this bacterium from the water environment. Different treatments are suggested to reduce Legionella risk, however long-term studies of their efficiency are lacking. This study focused on the activity of a new formulation of hydrogen peroxide and silver salts, WTP828, in the hospital hot water network (HWN) to contain Legionella contamination during two years of treatment. The effectiveness of WTP828 was tested measuring physical-chemical and microbiological parameters such as Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and a heterotopic plate count (HPC) at 36 °C. Legionella isolates were identified by serotyping and genotyping. WTP 828 induced a reduction in Legionella–positive sites (60% to 36%) and contamination levels (2.12 to 1.7 log10 CFU/L), with isolates belonging to L. pneumophila SG1 (ST1 and ST104), L. anisa and L. rubrilucens widely distributed in HWN. No relevant contamination was found for other parameters tested. The long-term effect of WTP828 on Legionella containment suggest the easy and safe application of this disinfectant, that combined with knowledge of building characteristics, an adequate environmental monitoring and risk assessment plan, become the key elements in preventing Legionella contamination and exposure.

Effects of Flotation Deinking on the Removal of Main Colors of Oil-Based Inks from Uncoated and Coated Office Papers

This paper presents the results of trials to evaluate the color-stripping behaviour of offset printing colors and the effect of coating on deinking performance. Oil-based four-color inks were separately printed as base printing on coated and uncoated white poster paper, and then extensive pulping and deinking processes were carried out. Standard offset printings were conducted on paper samples using cyan, magenta, yellow, and black colors (CMYK), and the effects of deinking efficiency on the removal of each color were analysed. The pulps were made at Micro-Maelstrom Laboratory Pulper at specified conditions with and without bleaching agents. Formamidin sulfinic acid and hydrogen peroxide formulation were used as reductive and oxidative bleaching agents, respectively. Flotation deinking and thickening of pulp were practiced using Degussa flotation and thickening cell. The changes in the optical properties, such as brightness, whiteness, and color value (CIE L⃰, a⃰ b⃰) of deinked pulp were determined. It was found that optical properties of color-stripped pulps from coated papers were better than that of uncoated office papers. However, yield was quite low in coated papers since fillers were lost during flotation process. Cyan color was found to be the most difficult one in four main color printing inks stripping out in the deinking process.

Effectiveness of an innovative system for the bio-decontamination of the ICU

The ICU contains a large quantity of sensitive electrical equipment which must not be affected by any bio-decontamination process. To disinfect the ICU environment we have used the original device, Medisize 99.99®, which releases a synergistic formulation of hydrogen peroxide with silver ions. The machine launches a dry cloud of 0.5 to 2 m particles which penetrates everywhere, without humidity or corrosive activity.

Antimicrobial Activity of Topical Skin Pharmaceuticals – An In vitro Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of currently available topical skin pharmaceuticals against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes. The agar dilution assay was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration for cream formulations and their active substances. Corticosteroid formulations with the antiseptics clioquinol or halquinol were active against all microbes. The hydrogen peroxide formulation was primarily active against staphylococci. Clotrimazole, miconazole and econazole showed an effect against staphylococci in addition to their effect on C. albicans. In contrast, terbinafine had no antibacterial effect. Fusidic acid was active against staphylococci, with slightly weaker activity against S. pyogenes and no activity against C. albicans or E. coli. In summary, some topical skin pharmaceuticals have broad antimicrobial activity in vitro, clioquinol and halquinol being the most diverse. In limited superficial skin infection topical treatment can be an alternative to systemic antibiotics and should be considered. With the global threat of multi-resistant bacteria there is a need for new, topical, non-resistance-promoting, antimicrobial preparations for the treatment of skin infections.

An Innovative Method for the Control of Legionella Infections in the Hospital Hot Water Systems with a Stabilized Hydrogen Peroxide-Silver Formulation

Legionella pneumophila contamination of hot water systems are particularly difficult to control due to the optimal growth conditions, protection by biofilms and the fact that chlorine and many other disinfectants are less effective at high temperatures. This paper reports on a 20 month study using an innovative method to control Legionella pneumophila in the closed loop hot water system of a major hospital in Israel, which has suffered a serious out-break of Legionnaires disease in their BMT unit. They had failed to control the Legionella infections by the conventional use of repeated shock treatments with chlorine up to 2000 ppm and by raising the water temperature to 700C. During the period between October 2005 and May 2007 an innovative disinfectant process based on a patented, stabilized, non-toxic, taste free, bactericidal/bacteriostatic, heat resistant formulation of hydrogen peroxide containing a minute amount of oligodynamic silver (commercial name STERIL) was used to effectively disinfect the hot water system and achieve total long term control of Legionella pneumophila. The combined formulation of H2O2 and silver and other metals is some 100 times more powerful as a disinfectant than hydrogen peroxide alone and can provide a long lasting effective disinfectant residual. Our studies show that the formulation's disinfection power increases significantly as water temperature increases which contributes to its effective control of Legionalla bacteria in hot water systems which normally operate at temperatures up to 40-500C. The silver ion deposit on the pipe walls have a bacteriostatic effect. At the end of the 24 month test period it can be stated that the stabilized H2O2-silver formulation effectively controlled Legionella pneumophila in the hospital ward's hot water system for the first time after years of chronic problems and has proved to be a promising and economical option for the long term control of Legionella bacteria in closed loop hot water systems.

A Novel Copper–Hydrogen Peroxide Formulation for Prion Decontamination

With the appearance of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and the detection of infectious prions in the peripheral organs of persons with sporadic CJD, the development of decontamination methods that are compatible with medical equipment has become a major issue. Here, we show that a formulation of copper metal ions in combination with hydrogen peroxide dramatically reduces the level of prion protein (PrP)(Sc) (the scrapie isoform of PrP) present in homogenates of samples from prion-infected brains, including brain samples from humans with CJD. An animal bioassay confirmed the reduction in prion infectivity, indicating that this novel Cu(2+)-H(2)O(2) formulation has great potential for prion decontamination.

Sporicidal activity in liquid chemical products to sterilize or high-level disinfect medical and dental instruments

Various liquid chemical products are commercially available in Mexico under sporicidal label claims. Frequently, information provided on their labels conflicts with published data on active ingredients, use concentrations, or exposure times. To evaluate sporicidal activity in 8 chemical products sold for the sterilization or high-level disinfection of medical and dental instruments. Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372 spores were suspended (10 6 spores in 50 mL) in each of 4 glutaraldehyde solutions: a super oxidized solution, a hydrogen peroxide formulation, a quaternary ammonium compound, and an ortho -phthalaldehyde solution. After up to a 10-hour exposure, the solutions were passed through 0.22-mum filters, which were then rinsed with 1% sodium bisulfite, washed, and incubated on tryptic soy agar for 5 days at 37 degrees C. At the use concentrations stipulated on their labels, only 2 of 6 products registered as sterilants showed sporicidal activity when challenged with 6 log 10 : a 2% glutaraldehyde in 10 hours and the hydrogen peroxide solution in 6 hours. Of 2 products registered as high-level disinfectants, only the ortho -phthalaldehyde showed noticeable sporicidal activity after 10-hour exposure. The results show that some chemical products, commercially available in Mexico as "Liquid Chemical Sterilants/High-Level Disinfectants" cannot be used reliably to process instruments between patients.

Efficacy and safety of hydrogen peroxide cream alone or in combination with salicilyc foam in the treatment of mild-to-moderate acne

Background: Common Acne (CA) is a very common skin disease. Topical antiseptics such as benzoyl peroxide and keratolytic agents such as salicilyc acid are widely used as first-line treatment of CA. Recently, a new formulation of hydrogen peroxide 1% in stabilised cream and a new thermophobic foam formulation of salicilyc acid 2% (SAF) became available.

Efficacy and safety of stabilised hydrogen peroxide cream (Crystacide) in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a randomised, controlled trial versus benzoyl peroxide gel

Benzoyl peroxide (BP) is a first-line topical treatment in acne vulgaris (AV). However, its use can cause mild skin irritation and dryness. A new formulation of hydrogen peroxide stabilised (HPS) in monoglycerides cream (Crystacide 1%), indicated in the topical treatment of superficial skin infections, is now available as an alternative treatment. To evaluate efficacy and local tolerability of HPS in mild-to-moderate AV in comparison with BP gel. In a randomised, prospective, investigator-masked parallel-group, 8-week trial, 60 patients (24 men, 36 women, mean age 25 +/- 6 years) with mild-to-moderate AV, affecting mainly the face, were enrolled in the study, after their informed consent. HPS or BP (PanOxyl gel 4%) was applied topically twice daily for 8 weeks. The study endpoints were: (1) Reduction in mean inflammatory (IL), noninflammatory (NIL) and total (TL) acneic lesions in comparison with baseline; (2) Local tolerability assessed evaluating erythema, dryness and burning sensation, using a 0-3 qualitative score (score 0 = poor tolerability; score 3 = very good tolerability). TL, NIL, and IL were assessed by an investigator unaware of treatment allocation at baseline, and week 8. The tolerability score (TS) was assessed at week 4 and 8. At baseline, the two groups were well matched for the main clinical and demographic characteristics. All patients concluded the trial. At week 0, in the HPS group TL, NIL and IL (mean +/- SD) were: 35 +/- 8, 20 +/- 6 and 16 +/- 7. At week 8, HPS reduced TL to 16 +/- 7; NIL to 9 +/- 3 and IL to 7 +/- 3 (p < 0.001). At baseline, TL, NIL and IL, in the BP group, were 32 +/- 9, 24 +/- 8 and 18 +/- 7, respectively. At week 8, BP reduced TL, NIL and IL to 14 +/- 9; 7 +/- 5 and 7 +/- 3 (p < 0.001). In comparison with baseline values, the percentage reductions of IL were 58% and 61% for HPS and BP,respectively (p = n.s.). At the end of the study the TS was 2.9 +/- 0.2 in HPS group and 2.4 +/- 0.8 in BP group (p < 0.025). Two patients in HPS group (6%) and seven patients (23%) in BP group suffered from mild-to-moderate local erythema. HPS has shown to be as effective as BP in reducing both inflammatory and noninflammatory AV lesions in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. In comparison with BP 4% gel, HPS cream shows a better local tolerability profile.

Efficacy and safety of stabilised hydrogen peroxide cream (Crystacide) in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a randomised, controlled trial versus benzoyl peroxide gel

SUMMARYBackground: Benzoyl peroxide (BP) is a first-line topical treatment in acne vulgaris (AV). However, its use can cause mild skin irritation and dryness. A new formulation of hydrogen peroxide stabilised (HPS) in monoglycerides cream (Crystacide 1%), indicated in the topical treatment of superficial skin infections, is now available as an alternative treatment.Study aim: To evaluate efficacy and local tolerability of HPS in mild-to-moderate AV in comparison with BP gel.*Crystacide is a registered trademark licensed to Mipharm Spa, Milan, ItalyMethods and patients: In a randomised, prospective, investigator-masked parallel-group, 8-week trial, 60 patients (24 men, 36 women, mean age 25 ± 6 years) with mild-to-moderate AV, affecting mainly the face, were enrolled in the study, after their informed consent. HPS or BP (PanOxyl gel 4%) was applied topically twice daily for 8 weeks.Study outcomes: The study endpoints were: (1) Reduction in mean inflammatory (IL), non-inflammatory (NIL) and total (TL) acneic lesions in comparison with baseline; (2) Local tolerability assessed evaluating erythema, dryness and burning sensation, using a 0-3 qualitative score (score 0 = poor tolerability; score 3 = very good tolerability).Results: TL, NIL, and IL were assessed by an investigator unaware of treatment allocation at baseline, and week 8. The tolerability score (TS) was assessed at week 4 and 8. At baseline, the two groups were well matched for the main clinical and demographic characteristics. All patients concluded the trial. At week 0, in the HPS group TL, NIL and IL (mean ± SD) were: 35 ± 8, 20 ± 6 and 16 ± 7. At week 8, HPS reduced TL to 16 ± 7; NIL to 9 ± 3 and IL to 7 ± 3 (p < 0.001). At baseline, TL, NIL and IL, in the BP group, were 32 ± 9, 24 ± 8 and 18 ± 7, respectively. At week 8, BP reduced TL, NIL and IL to 14 ± 9; 7 ± 5 and 7 ± 3 (p < 0.001). In comparison with baseline values, the percentage reductions of IL were 58% and 61% for HPS and BP, respectively (p = n.s.). At the end of the study the TS was 2.9 ± 0.2 in HPS group and 2.4 ± 0.8 in BP group (p < 0.025). Two patients in HPS group (6%) and seven patients (23%) in BP group suffered from mild-to-moderate local erythema.Conclusions: HPS has shown to be as effective as BP in reducing both inflammatory and noninflammatory AV lesions in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. In comparison with BP 4% gel, HPS cream shows a better local tolerability profile.PanOxyl is a registered trademark of Stiefel aboratories Inc, Coral Gables, Fl, US

Hydrogen peroxide decomposition in model subsurface systems

Rates of hydrogen peroxide decomposition, hydroxyl radical production, and oxygen evolution were investigated in silica sand–goethite slurries using unstabilized and stabilized hydrogen peroxide formulations. The goethite-catalyzed decomposition of unstabilized hydrogen peroxide formulations resulted in more rapid hydrogen peroxide loss and oxygen evolution relative to systems containing a highly stabilized hydrogen peroxide formulation. Systems at neutral pH and those containing higher goethite concentrations were characterized by higher rates of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and by more oxygen evolution. The stabilized hydrogen peroxide formulation showed greater hydroxyl radical production relative to the unstabilized formulations. Furthermore, hydroxyl radical production rates were greater at neutral pH than at the acidic pH regimes. The results suggest that when stabilized hydrogen peroxide is injected into the subsurface during in situ bioremediation, naturally occurring minerals such as goethite may initiate Fenton-like reactions. While these reactions may prove to be toxic to microorganisms, they have the potential to chemically oxidize contaminants in soils and groundwater.