Order Formula Research Articles

Large Deviation Principle for the Maximal Eigenvalue of Inhomogeneous Erdős-Rényi Random Graphs

We consider an inhomogeneous Erdős-Rényi random graph \(G_N\) with vertex set \([N] = \{1,\dots ,N\}\) for which the pair of vertices \(i,j \in [N]\), \(i\ne j\), is connected by an edge with probability \(r(\tfrac{i}{N},\tfrac{j}{N})\), independently of other pairs of vertices. Here, \(r:\,[0,1]^2 \rightarrow (0,1)\) is a symmetric function that plays the role of a reference graphon. Let \(\lambda _N\) be the maximal eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of \(G_N\). It is known that \(\lambda _N/N\) satisfies a large deviation principle as \(N \rightarrow \infty \). The associated rate function \(\psi _r\) is given by a variational formula that involves the rate function \(I_r\) of a large deviation principle on graphon space. We analyse this variational formula in order to identify the properties of \(\psi _r\), specially when the reference graphon is of rank 1.

Image Enhancement of Cross-Border E-Commerce Logistics Video Surveillance Based on Partial Differential Equations

Although the development time of cross-border e-commerce in China is very short, the scale of its transactions and the speed of development are amazing, and as a supporting foundation for promoting economic and trade globalization, cross-border e-commerce has an extremely important strategy for this guiding role. This not only brings new opportunities to cross-border e-commerce companies but also excavates a huge potential market for the logistics industry. Cross-border e-commerce not only breaks through the trade barriers between countries; it makes trade move towards borderlessness and at the same time triggers major changes in international trade. This paper introduces partial differential equations into the video surveillance image enhancement system of cross-border e-commerce logistics. Aiming at the shortcomings of the contrast enhancement method based on gradient field equalization, this paper proposes a partial differential enhancement method based on histogram equalization. By proposing a gradient transformation function, the edges and textures with relatively small gradient values are enhanced to make the original weaker texture details clearer. In order to better adjust the brightness and contrast of the image, combined with histogram equalization, we propose an inverse equalization transformation. When the histogram equalization and the inverse equalization transform are combined reasonably, the brightness and contrast of the image can be adjusted very well. In this paper, the finite difference method is used for discretization when solving partial differential equations, and Euler’s equation is obtained by applying the principle of least squares. By introducing the heat equation, the direct solution of Euler’s equation is converted into an iterative form, which greatly reduces the amount of calculation. This article uses statistical methods to obtain the empirical formula of the fractional differential order. This empirical formula makes the calculation of the order of the fractional derivative easy and can be extended to other fractional image enhancement models and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional fractional derivative order obtained through experience or a large number of experiments. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm not only enhances detailed texture information but also improves image clarity, overall brightness, and contrast without color distortion. The objective evaluation indicators also show the superiority of the algorithm.

AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA PEGAWAI TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENDAFTARAN TANAH SISTEMATIS LENGKAP DI DESA BULO KECAMATAN PANCA RIJANG KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG

This study aims to determine the accountability of employee performance for the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration program in Bulo Village, Panca Rijang District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The population in this study were 161 people whose land certificates were issued in the PTSL program with the sampling of this study using the Slovin formula in order to obtain a sample of 64 people based on incidental sampling techniques. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, questionnaires and literature study. Data analysis techniques with the help of the IBM SPSS statistics 21.0 program. The results of this study indicate that the accountability of employee performance in the PTSL program in Bulo Village, Sidrap Regency is in a good category with a result of 79.4%. The result of implementing the PTSL program in Bulo Village, Panca Rijang District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency was 78.8%, which means that it is in the good category. Employee performance accountability Influential / Significant on the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration program in Bulo Village, Panca Rijang District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency with t count ≥ t table (10.594> 1.66940).

The Influence of Foreign Language Accounting Vocabulary Competencies, Accounting Competencies and Computer Competencies on MYOB Learning Outcomes

This study aimed to determine how the influence of mastery of basic accounting vocabulary, accounting competence and computer competence on MYOB accounting computer learning outcomes. The research was included in the quantitative type with the correlational method. The population in this study were students of class XI Accounting at SMK NU 1 Islamiyah Kramat, totalling 115 students in the 2020-2021 academic year. Sampling was carried out by using a random technique using the proportional random sampling method and calculated using the Slovin formula in order to obtain 97 students. This study used primary data sources obtained from tests to measure the level of mastery of English accounting vocabulary, accounting competence and computer competence. Meanwhile, secondary data sources were obtained from several sources which were considered to have relevance to the research. Data analysis used multiple linear regression method. The results of the study, both simultaneously and partially, showed a significant influence between foreign language accounting vocabulary competence, accounting competence and computer competence on MYOB learning outcomes. Suggestions for further research are to examine learning outcomes by presenting intervening variables and linking them with other independent variables.

Two explicit and implicit finite difference schemes for time fractional Riesz space diffusion equation

In this study, one explicit and one implicit finite differencescheme is introduced for the numerical solution of time-fractionalRiesz space diffusion equation. The time derivative is approximatedby the standard Gr{u}nwald Letnikov formula of order one, whilethe Riesz space derivative is discretized by Fourier transform-basedalgorithm of order four. The stability and convergence of theproposed methods are studied. It is proved that the implicit schemeis unconditionally stable, while the explicit scheme is stableconditionally. Some examples are solved to illustrate the efficiencyand accuracy of the proposed methods. Numerical results confirm thatthe accuracy of present schemes is of order one.

THE EFFECT OF GREEN MARKETING MIX ON THE BRAND IMAGE OF TEA BOX ULTRA JAYA (STUDY ON STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH NORTH SUMATRA)

The purpose of the authors of this research is to determine and analyze the effect of the Green Marketing Mix on the Ultrajaya Box Tea Brand Image in Students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Muhammadyah University, North Sumatra. The benefits of this research are to improve and broaden knowledge, especially about Green Marketing. In determining the sample, the researcher used the Slovin formula in order to obtain a total of 96 students. The data analysis technique in this study used a quantitative and associative approach. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the regression values that have the greatest influence is the value of the Promotion variable (X4) of 50.3%. The results of the t test on the product (X1) on the brand image obtained shows that the product (X1) has a positive and significant effect on brand image,the results of the effect of Price (X2) on Brand Image revealed that the Price (X2) has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image. Meanwhile, the test results of the impact of Distribution Channels (X3) on Brand Image shows that Distribution Channel ( X3) has a positive and significant influence on Brand Image. Furthermore,the results of the impact of Promotion (X4) on the Brand Image shows that Promotion (X4) has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image (Y). The results of the F test on the Effect of Green Marketing Mix on Brand Image found that simultaneously between Products, Prices, Distribution Channels and Promotion have a significant influence on Brand Image. And based on the results shown by R-Square is 0.555 or 55.5%, which means that about 55.5% of the Brand Image variable (Y) and can be explained by the Product (X1), Price (X2), Distribution Channel (X3 ) variables. and Promotion (X4) and the remaining 44.5% is used as influence by other variables that are not studied.

Estimating the Person-Specific Location of Pterion Based on Cranial Morphometry.

Due to being the weakest sutural junction of the crania and relations with intracranial anatomical structures, the accurate location of the pterion is important for surgical approaches such as in pterional craniotomy. The aim of the study was to develop regression equations to estimate the person-specific accurate location of the pterion based on the cranial morphometry. The study was conducted on 22 pterions located 11 dry skulls belonging to Anatomy Department of the Harran University, Medical Faculty. Twelve parameters related to pterion and 23 parameters related to the skull was measured using ImageJ software. SPSS 20.0 was performed for statistical analyses such as descriptive and comparative statistics and developing regression equations. Statistically significant difference wasn't observed between right and left sides. The 12 equations, such as P8:distance between pterion and the tip of the mastoid process= 63,780 + (1,366 × K6) - (2,786 × K7) + (1,342 × K11) - (1,029 × K13) + (2,102 × K14) - (1,710 × K15) - (0,517 × 22) Adjusted R2= 0.995 and Standard Errors = 1.221 were developed to estimate the accurate location of the pterion based on the cranial morphometry. In the previous studies, the mean distances of the pterion to certain landmarks on the crania were given. The authors developed formulas in order to estimate the accurate person-specific location of the pterion. The authors are convinced that the equations they have developed will help neurosurgeons in terms of surgical approaches.

Pengaruh Minat Pendidikan Berwirausaha Menggunakan Sosial Media Terhadap Pembisnis Dikalangan Mahasiswa Universitas Pamulang

This study aims to determine the effect of interest in entrepreneurship using social media on business among students of the University of Pamulang.The object of this research is students who use social media as a medium for entrepreneurship at Pamulang University majoring in management. In the 2020 period with a population of 448. The number of samples taken with the Slovin formula in order to obtain a sample size of 84. The data in this study were processed by regression analysis to obtain the objectives of the study.The conclusion obtained in this study is that there is an influence of entrepreneurial interest in entrepreneurship on students. There is an influence of the use of social media on entrepreneurship in students.

Radial basis functions method for nonlinear time- and space-fractional Fokker-Planck equation

In this study, a radial basis functions (RBFs) method for solving nonlinear timeand space-fractional Fokker-Planck equation is presented. The time-fractional derivative is of the Caputo type, and the space-fractional derivatives are considered in the sense of Caputo or Riemann-Liouville. The Caputo and Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives of RBFs are computed and utilized for approximating the spatial fractional derivatives of the unknown function. Also, in each time step, the time-fractional derivative is approximated by the high order formulas introduced in [6], and then a collocation method is applied. The centers of RBFs are chosen as suitable collocation points. Thus, in each time step, the computations of fractional Fokker-Planck equation are reduced to a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. Several numerical examples are included to demonstrate the applicability, accuracy, and stability of the method. Numerical experiments show that the experimental order of convergence is 4 − α where α is the order of time derivative.

Transfer operators and Hankel transforms between relative trace formulas, II: Rankin–Selberg theory

The Langlands functoriality conjecture, as reformulated in the “beyond endoscopy” program, predicts comparisons between the (stable) trace formulas of different groups G1,G2 for every morphism G1L→LG2 between their L-groups. This conjecture can be seen as a special case of a more general conjecture, which replaces reductive groups by spherical varieties and the trace formula by its generalization, the relative trace formula.The goal of this article and its precursor [11] is to demonstrate, by example, the existence of “transfer operators” between relative trace formulas, which generalize the scalar transfer factors of endoscopy. These transfer operators have all properties that one could expect from a trace formula comparison: matching, fundamental lemma for the Hecke algebra, transfer of (relative) characters. Most importantly, and quite surprisingly, they appear to be of abelian nature (at least, in the low-rank examples considered in this paper), even though they encompass functoriality relations of non-abelian harmonic analysis. Thus, they are amenable to application of the Poisson summation formula in order to perform the global comparison. Moreover, we show that these abelian transforms have some structure — which presently escapes our understanding in its entirety — as deformations of well-understood operators when the spaces under consideration are replaced by their “asymptotic cones”.In this second paper we use Rankin–Selberg theory to prove the local transfer behind Rudnick's 1990 thesis (comparing the stable trace formula for SL2 with the Kuznetsov formula) and Venkatesh's 2002 thesis (providing a “beyond endoscopy” proof of functorial transfer from tori to GL2). As it turns out, the latter is not completely disjoint from endoscopic transfer — in fact, our proof “factors” through endoscopic transfer. We also study the functional equation of the symmetric-square L-function for GL2, and show that it is governed by an explicit “Hankel operator” at the level of the Kuznetsov formula, which is also of abelian nature. A similar theory for the standard L-function was previously developed (in a different language) by Jacquet.

Transfer operators and Hankel transforms between relative trace formulas, I: Character theory

The Langlands functoriality conjecture, as reformulated in the “beyond endoscopy” program, predicts comparisons between the (stable) trace formulas of different groups G1,G2 for every morphism G1L→LG2 between their L-groups. This conjecture can be seen as a special case of a more general conjecture, which replaces reductive groups by spherical varieties and the trace formula by its generalization, the relative trace formula.The goal of this article and its continuation [21] is to demonstrate, by example, the existence of “transfer operators” between relative trace formulas, which generalize the scalar transfer factors of endoscopy. These transfer operators have all properties that one could expect from a trace formula comparison: matching, fundamental lemma for the Hecke algebra, transfer of (relative) characters. Most importantly, and quite surprisingly, they appear to be of abelian nature (at least, in the low-rank examples considered in this paper), even though they encompass functoriality relations of non-abelian harmonic analysis. Thus, they are amenable to application of the Poisson summation formula in order to perform the global comparison. Moreover, we show that these abelian transforms have some structure — which presently escapes our understanding in its entirety — as deformations of well-understood operators when the spaces under consideration are replaced by their “asymptotic cones”.In this first paper we study (relative) characters for the Kuznetsov formula and the stable trace formula for SL2 and their degenerations (as well as for the relative trace formula for torus periods in PGL2), and we show how they correspond to each other under explicit transfer operators.

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Comprehensive Review towards Metabolomics.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most represented component in breast milk. They serve not only as prebiotics but they exert a protective role against some significant neonatal pathologies such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Furthermore, they can program the immune system and consequently reduce allergies and autoimmune diseases’ incidence. HMOs also play a crucial role in brain development and in the gut barrier’s maturation. Moreover, the maternal genetic factors influencing different HMO patterns and their modulation by the interaction and the competition between active enzymes have been widely investigated in the literature, but there are few studies concerning the role of other factors such as maternal health, nutrition, and environmental influence. In this context, metabolomics, one of the newest “omics” sciences that provides a snapshot of the metabolites present in bio-fluids, such as breast milk, could be useful to investigate the HMO content in human milk. The authors performed a review, from 2012 to the beginning of 2021, concerning the application of metabolomics to investigate the HMOs, by using Pubmed, Researchgate and Scopus as source databases. Through this technology, it is possible to know in real-time whether a mother produces a specific oligosaccharide, keeping into consideration that there are other modifiable and unmodifiable factors that influence HMO production from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Although further studies are needed to provide clinical substantiation, in the future, thanks to metabolomics, this could be possible by using a dipstick and adding the eventual missing oligosaccharide to the breast milk or formula in order to give the best and the most personalized nutritional regimen for each newborn, adjusting to different necessities.

Asymptotic analysis of Sturm–Liouville problem with nonlocal integral-type boundary condition

In this study, we obtain asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the one-dimensional Sturm–Liouville equation with one classical-type Dirichlet boundary condition and integral-type nonlocal boundary condition. We investigate solutions of special initial value problem and find asymptotic formulas of arbitrary order. We analyze the characteristic equation of the boundary value problem for eigenvalues and derive asymptotic formulas of arbitrary order. We apply the obtained results to the problem with integral-type nonlocal boundary condition.

Trigonometric series solutions for the geometric nonlinear analysis of the compressed thin plate

AbstractThe Eurocode uses the Effective Width Method for the Cold Formed Steel design and this method is currently based on the semi‐empirical Winter formula. This formula is based on the von Karman's approach which considers that the ultimate load on a compressed thin plate with large deflections is reached when the critical stress of the plate effective width is equal with the yield stress. Winter modified the formula in order to match the experimental results but there are numerous cases in which the formula underestimates the strength capacity. Also, the formula has no input for the initial geometric imperfections. This paper presents a semi‐analytical alternative based on the trigonometric series representation of the displacement field. The procedure is applied to the uniform compressed rectangular plate with simply supported edges (internal plate of a thin‐walled member) and with one free longitudinal edge (outstand plate). This new approach considers the initial geometric imperfections with various shapes.

THE EFFECT OF DISCUSSION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

This study was intended to find out the effect of using Discussion Method on students reading comprehension. The population of this study was the second semester students of Indonesia Prima University, Medan, academic year 2019/2020 with four parallel classes, there are 120 students totally. The sample of the research was two classes, which were selected by using cluster random sampling technique, the total were 60 students. The sample was divided into two groups; the first group is 30 students, Morning A Class, which was the experimental group. The second group is 30 students, Morning B Class, which was the control group. The experimental group was taught by using discussion method while control group was taught without discussion method. The instrument used for collecting the data was test in the form of multiple choices with the total number of 20 questions. The tests were divided into two; pre-test and post-test. The reliability of the test was 0.93. After the data had been collected, they were analyzed by using t-test formula in order to see whether the discussion method significantly affects students reading comprehension. The result of the analysis showed that the t- observed 2.07, it was higher than the t-table 1, 67 with the level of significant 0, 05 and the degree of freedom (df) 58. The result of the analysis showed that the hypothesis of the study was accepted. It was concluded that discussion method significantly affects students reading comprehension.

The Relations Between Tutor Learning Strategy With Learning Performance in Equivalency Program Paket B

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of social science subjects for equivalence education package B at PKBM Suka Maju Sejahtera, Padang City. This can be seen from the learning strategy provided by the tutor is not good so that it affects the learning outcomes of learning residents. The objectives of the research are: (1) to see the description of the tutor's learning strategy (2) to see the description of the learning outcomes obtained by the learning community; and (3) to find out the relationship between tutor learning strategies and learning outcomes for social studies subjects in equivalence education package B. This research is classified as quantitative with correlational type. The population in this study were 20 people, the sampling technique was in the form of random sampling and taken as much as 100% or all of those included in the population would be used as a sample of 20 people. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with the tool in the form of a list of statements. The data were analyzed by the percentage formula and the data processing technique used the rank order formula. The results of this study are: (1) tutor learning strategies at PKBM Suka Maju Sejahtera Padang City are categorized as low. (2) the learning outcomes of social studies subjects are categorized as low. (3) there is a significant relationship between the tutor's learning strategy and the learning outcomes of social studies subjects for equivalence education package B at PKBM Suka Maju Sejahtera, Padang City. It is hoped that further researchers will be able to innovate by examining other variables.

The Effect of Comic Strips on Reading Comprehension of The Tenth Grade Students At SMK NU Mambaul Huda Tegalsari In Academic Year 2019/2020

Reading comprehension is a part of English learning in education, the meaning of comprehension is the process of eliciting making meaning thought interaction and involvement with written language. The purpose of this research was to know whether the students taught by using comic strips get better Reading Comprehension of Descriptive text score. The purpose of this research was to know whether the students taught by using comic strips get better Reading Comprehension score of Descriptive text. This research was an experimental research. The type of the research was a pre experimental research. The researcher used one group pretest and posttest design. The respondents of this research were 34 students. Before giving the treatment, the students were given pre-test, and post-test was given after the treatment. The technique of collecting data was a test. The technique of data analysis was T-test formula in order to know the difference between the average of posttest of experimental class and pretest of experimental class. T-test was analyzed and interpreted with the degree of significances 5% with db = 32 and the T-table is 2,021. The results of T-test analysis is 5,27. It means that the T-test ( 5,27 ) is higher than T-table ( 2,021 ) in the significances 5%. From the research finding, it can be concluded that the students taught by using comic strips get better score on reading comprehension of descriptive text. It is suggested for the future researcher to conduct further research on similar area by improving the methodology.

The Effectiveness of Contextual Redefinition Strategy on Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of The Tenth Grade Students of MAU Darul Hidayah BenelanLor in the Academic Year 2019/2020

The purpose of this research was to know whether the students taught by using Contextual Redefinition Strategy get better on Reading Comprehension of Descriptive text score. This reserach was an experimental research. The type of the research was a pre experimental reserach. The researcher used one group pretest and posttest design. The respondents of this research was 21 students. Before giving the treatment, the students were given pre-test, and post-test was given after the treatment. The technique of collecting data was a test. The technique of data analysis was T-test formula in order to know the difference between the average of posttest of experimental class and pretest of experimental class. After having calculated the T-test. T-test was anlyzed and interpreted with the degree of significances 5% with db = 19 and the T-table is 2,093. The results of T-test analysis is 9,96. It means that the T-test ( 9,96 ) is higher than T-table ( 2,093 ) in the significances 5%. From the research finding, it can be concluded that the students taught by using contextual redefinition strategy get better score on reading comprehension of descriptive text. It is suggested for the teachers and the students to use this strategy in teaching reading comprehension because this strategy is very useful to improve students vocabulary. For further researcher to conduct further research on similar area by improving the methodology.

PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK PAKAIAN DI BARATA KOTA BIMA

This research is an associative research, namely research that aims to determine the influence of the marketing mix and service quality partially and simultaneously on purchasing decisions for clothing products. This research was conducted in Barata, Bima city. The research instrument used is a questionnaire containing a number of questions about the marketing mix, service quality and purchasing decisions for clothing products. The population used is all consumers who buy clothing products in Barata, Bima city, the population is unknown (population unknown). Therefore, to determine the number of samples using the unknown population formula in order to obtain 96 respondents. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling, namely Barata consumers who happen to meet with researchers can be used as samples tailored to the needs of researchers. Data collection techniques used in this study are: observation, heritage studies and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are validity, reliability, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression, multiple correlation coefficient, t test (partial) and simultaneous f test. The results of this study indicate that the marketing mix partially has no effect on purchasing decisions for clothing products in Barata, service quality partially affects purchasing decisions for clothing products in Barata, but the marketing mix and service quality simultaneously affect purchasing decisions for clothing products in Barata.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG BAHAYA VIRUS CORONA DIDESA KALI UPA KECAMATAN LOLODA UTARA

Background: The corona virus is a disease that causes the respiratory tract ranging from the common cold, difficulty breathing and even death. 
 Purpose: of this study was to identify a description of public knowledge about the dangers of covid-19 in Kailupa Village, North Loloda District. 
 Method: the study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. This research will be carried out in Kailupa Village, North Loloda District in July-August 2020. The samples taken in the study are the people of Kailupa Village, North Loloda District who are 14-59 years old. The sampling technique uses Probility sampling technique with simple random sampling technique, sampling using the Slovin formula in order to get 100 respondents. The data obtained in this study were collected using a questionnaire distributed to the people of Kailupa Village, Loloda Utara District. 
 Results:analysis in this study used univariate data analysis. Based on the data from the questionnaire, the researcher found that the knowledge of the people of Kailupa Village was quite good and not good about the dangers of the corona virus.
 Conclusion: Public knowledge about the dangers of the corona virus in Kailupa Village, North Loloda Subdistrict has sufficient and inadequate knowledge.