Sampling Formula Research Articles

Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Bioactive Peptides Related to Immune and Gut Health in Intact Cow's Milk and Hydrolyzed Protein-Based Infant Formulas.

Background/Objectives: Human milk is the optimal source of nutrition and protection against infection for infants. If breastfeeding is not possible, standard and hydrolyzed infant formulas (IF) are an alternative. Extensively hydrolyzed IFs (eHFs) contain bioactive peptides, but their activities have rarely been evaluated. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the bioactive peptide profiles of different eHFs and standard IFs before and after in vitro digestion. Methods: Two forms, liquid and powder, of intact protein formula (iPF) and eHF were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, mimicking a young infant's gut (age 0-4 months) and an older infant's gut (>6 months). Bioactive peptides of in vitro digested and undigested formulas were analysed with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: In all samples, a variety of peptides with potential bioactive properties were found. Immuno-regulatory peptides, followed by antimicrobial and antioxidative peptides were most frequent, as were peptides promoting wound healing, increasing mucin secretion, regulating cholesterol metabolism, and preventing bacterial infection. Peptides typically found in yoghurt and colostrum were identified in some formula samples. Conclusions: The high amounts of bioactive peptides with various properties in eHFs and iPFs indicate a possible contribution to infection protection, healthy gut microbiomes, and immunological development of infants. eHFs showed similar compositions of bioactive peptides to iPFs, with intermittently increased peptide variety and quantity.

The effect of personality type, audit firm size and age on the professional judgment of Iraqi auditors

Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the professional judgment of auditors in Iraq (personality type, audit firm size and age). Design/methodology/approach The statistical population includes 1,750 participants, and the sample size was determined to be 309 participants using Cochran’s sampling formula. The required data has been collected through a questionnaire. Regression factor analysis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, t and Friedman(f) tests were used to analyze the variables and examine their relationships. Findings The results show a significant relationship between neuroticism, extroversion, flexibility, agreeableness and conscientiousness and auditors’ professional judgment. No relationship was observed between the size of the auditing firm and professional judgment. The results also showed a significant relationship between seniority and auditors’ professional judgment. Originality/value This study will help increase the knowledge of investors and regulators, providing information to researchers and those interested in auditors’ professional judgment. It can also be a starting point for research in this field. This research investigates the auditor characteristics, including personality traits of auditors, audit firms’ size and age and their impact on auditors’ professional judgment.

The Influence of Managerial Communication, Workload, and Compensation on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as a Mediation Variable on XYZ Insurance Employees in Tangerang

This study aims to determine the influence of managerial communication, workload, and compensation on turnover intention, with job satisfaction serving as a mediating variable. The study was conducted at the XYZ Insurance office in Tangerang, involving 138 employees, with sample size determined using the Krejcie-Morgan formula and purposive sampling method. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed via Google Forms, containing 40 questions with 1-5 Likert scale. The data was analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results indicate that managerial communication, workload, and compensation negatively affect turnover intention among XYZ Insurance employees. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between managerial communication, workload, and compensation on turnover intention.

Pengaruh Self-Efficacy, Tekanan Ketaatan, Kompleksitas Tugas dan Pengalaman Auditor Terhadap Audit Judgment pada BPK RI Perwakilan Provinsi Jawa Timur

The research aims to know the impact of self-efficacy, obedience pressure, task complexity and auditor’s experience to audit judgment and was conducted at the BPK Representative of east java. using a quantitative approach and involved a sample of 62 auditors selected through basic purposive sampling and Slovin formula. Data analysis relied on Partial Least Square (PLS) software. The result of this research reveal that self-efficacy and auditor’s experience is have a positive effect to audit judgment. This is because an auditor who has a good level of self-confidence and experience will find it easier to face existing challenges. Meanwhile obedience pressure and task complecity has no effect to audit judgment. This is because an auditor, when feeling under pressure or facing a variety of tasks, always maintains his independence. Because in the State Financial Audit Standards relating to audit work, they must be free in attitude, mentality and appearance from personal and organizational interference that can affect their independence.

Empowerment Leadership: Cultivating Cultural Intelligence and Its Effects on Job Flourishing

Understanding human behavior and cultural dynamics within a company becomes crucial in the competitive business era, where job flourishing, involving satisfaction, motivation, and professional development of employees, plays a key role in ensuring optimal performance and sustainability of the organization. This study aims to fill the gap by exploring the relationship between empowering leadership and job flourishing in the context of organizations in Indonesia, using a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design and focusing on a micro-level analysis. The population of this study was 250 employees, using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) formula and simple random sampling technique, 154 respondents were obtained. We distributed closed questionnaires with a 7-point Likert scale, and data were processed using SEM PLS. The study shows that although empowerment leadership does not directly affect employees' job flourishing significantly, its effectiveness depends on cultural intelligence. This confirms that successful leadership approaches in the workplace not only pay attention to empowerment but also the leader's ability to understand and adapt to cultural diversity in the work environment. Leaders with cultural intelligence need to nurture and develop employees' cultural intelligence levels to interact better amidst cultural differences. Thus, the integration between empowerment leadership and cultural intelligence becomes key to creating a work environment that supports job flourishing.

Overview of Nutritional Status of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Who Undergoing Hemodialisis

Patients undergoing hemodialysis for a period of more than 3 years tend to experience malnutrition due to inadequate food intake, diseases of the digestive tract, eating restrictions, drugs that cause impaired nutrient absorption, inadequate dialysis, and comorbidities. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in Palu. This study used a quasy experiment design to determine the the 2-mean difference test.. The sample formula determined the number of samples to test the hypothesis on the average of two populations with 100 respondents. This study was carried out in 2 hemodialysis units in Palu. The samples involved in this study were selected by simple random sampling. The KDQOL SF-36 is used to measure quality of life, whereas the malnutrition inflammation score is employed in the questionnaire used to assess nutritional status. The results of this study show that most respondents are in the age range of > 55 years, with 60 people (60%); are female, with 48 people (48%). 48% have a poor quality of life, and 52% have a good quality of life. The p-value for MIS is 0.001, so it can be concluded that at 5% alpha, there is a significant difference between the malnutrition inflammation score before and after education, while there is no significant difference for quality of life and kt/v values. There is an influence of health education on patient nutrition, there is no influence of health education using the KADOic application on quality of life and kt/v.

Correlation of Parenting Styles and Oral Health Behavior of Children with Down Syndrome in Banjarmasin

Background: Parental, Down syndrome is a trisomy chromosomal genetic disorder that leads newborn child having more than one chromosome so that could interfere the normal growth of the body due to an excess of protein level. Children with Down syndrome have different oral health problems compared to the general population. They need assistance to maintain their oral health because of mental and physical deficiencies as well as limitations in optimally cleaning their teeth. Objective: To analyze the relationship between parenting styles and oral health behavior of children with Down syndrome in Banjarmasin Special Needs School, Indonesia. Materials and Method: This is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach. Sample was taken using simple random sampling technique and a cross-sectional sample formula obtained for 32 respondents. The instrument used a parenting style questionnaire and a behavioral modification questionnaire for children's oral health. Results: Democratic (87.5%) compared switch order parenting styles. It was found that there were more children with Down syndrome in the category of moderate behavior (59%) than children with good behavior (38%) and poor behavior (3%). The results of the Somers'd test data analysis obtained a significance value of 0.034 (p<0.05) and the correlation value obtained was 0.571, which means that the correlation strength is moderate with a positive correlation direction (unidirectional). Conclusion: The more democratic the parents use as parenting style the better the oral health behavior of children with Down syndrome will be.

A method validation of determination of melamine in marketed infant formula and milk powder of Iran

Melamine is a recognized food contaminant that can arise incidentally or intentionally in specific categories of food. This study aimed to validate the melamine detection and quantification in infant formula and milk powders and also analyzed 40 samples consist of infant formula and milk powders from commercially available food products, from different geographic regions of Iran. The approximate content of melamine in samples was measured by High-performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet (HPLC–UV) system. A calibration curve (R2 = 0.9925) was established for detection of melamine in the range of 0.1–1.2 μg mL−1. Limit of quantification and limit of detection were 1 μg mL−1 and 3 μg mL−1, respectively. The presence of melamine in infant formula and milk powdered was investigated and it was observed that the amount of melamine in samples of infant formulas and milk powders was 0.001–0.095 mg kg−1 and 0.001–0.004 mg kg−1, respectively. These values were found to be within the prescribed limits by the European Union and Codex Alimentarius Commission legislation. It is important to note that the consumption of these dairy products, which contain low content of melamine, does not pose any significant threat to consumer health. Furthermore, the results of the risk assessment confirmed this issue.

Hubungan antara Karakteristik Calon Pengantin Wanita dengan Pengetahuan tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi di Puskesmas Tunjung Kecamatan Randuagung Kabupaten Lumajang Jawa Timur

The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still high at 4,400/100,000 births, likewise in Lumajang Regency at 97/100,000 live births. Various factors that influence the high maternal mortality rate include knowledge about reproductive health. In Lumajang Regency there is a regent's regulation about prospective bride and groom must report to the Puskesmas to obtain reproductive health information. Until now, in the coverage area of Tunjung Health Center, Lumajang Regency are not known about the connection between characteristics of the prospective bride and groom with knowledge about reproductive health, this research was conducted to find out. An observational analytic survey with cross sectional approach are used in this research. Fifty research samples were determined by the Lemeshow formula and total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaire that was created and validated. The results showed that most of the prospective brides were aged 20 to 35 years (63.64%), while the risk group in terms of age <20 years was 36.36%. Most of education of the bride-to-be is in junior high school (52.73%) and 12.73% are elementary school. The highest income for prospective brides is under 2 million (69.09%) with 14.55% of them earning below 1 million. Sourcemost reproductive health information from teachers (47.27%) and parents (21.82%), the respondent group of prospective brides with less knowledge are only 5.45%. The results of statistical analysis with Pearson chi-square test showed there is a significant relationship between age and the level of knowledge of reproductive health. Keywords: age, education, income, reproductive health

Influence of Photography and Graphic Design on the Maintenance of Sales in the Nation and the Sun Newspapers in Osun State

Photographic design plays an essential role in raising awareness towards the sales of newspaper and maintaining the high volume of newspaper sales. This study investigates the influence of photography and graphic design on the maintenance of sales of two newspapers, The Nation and The Sun newspapers in Osun State. Focus group discussion was adopted to investigate the study while pleasure theory, perception theory were used as the theoretical framework. The study focuses on buyers of The Nation and Sun newspapers with a total of 75 respondents in Ede Osun State. Taro Yamane formula sampling technique was used to select 109 readers. Based on the findings, the study recommended that media outlets should review the literature to know the reasons for low patronage and lack of sales so that they can improve on newspaper production to ensure that readers are attracted to newspaper buying. The study recommends that prominence should be given to picture usage on the front page of newspapers because it is the first page that passers-by see to determine the newspaper purchase.

Relationship Between Medical Allowance and Employee Retention at the Teachers Service Commission, Nairobi Kenya

This study looked into the effect of medical allowance on employee retention at Kenya's Teachers Service Commission. Research design was a descriptive survey. 350 TSC employees from the finance, audit, human resource management, development, and administration were targeted. A sample of 186 was obtained using the Yamane formula and stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires were employed. Collected quantitative data was analyzed on a computer using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) summarized into frequencies and percentages and presented in the form of tables, figures, and pie charts. Inferential analysis facilitated the identification of the relationship between study variables. The results revealed a beta value of.610, indicating that a unit increase in medical allowance would result in a 60.3% increase in employee retention. Furthermore, the t-statistic was 9.807, and the associated p-value was 0.000, which is less than the p<.05 level of significance. As a result, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative is accepted, leading to the conclusion that there is a statistically significant association between medical allowance and staff retention at Kenya's Teachers Service Commission. To enhance employee retention, the study recommends that the commission should consider providing employees with a dedicated allowance for medical expenses which demonstrates the organization's commitment to supporting their health and well-being, which is crucial for fostering loyalty and satisfaction among the workforce. The commission should ensure that the employees have access to adequate healthcare coverage because it helps them to alleviate financial burdens associated with medical expenses, reducing stress and improving overall job satisfaction.

Corporate Entrepreneurship Dimensions and Corporate Market Share of Selected Food and Beverages Manufacturing Companies

The growth of the food and beverage manufacturing sector in Nigeria is hampered by the lack of adoption of corporate entrepreneurship and lack of business innovation, resulting in limited organizational progress among food and beverage companies. This study investigates the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and market share in selected food and beverage manufacturing companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study uses a survey research design, explicitly targeting six leading food and beverage companies in Nigeria that collectively dominate 93% of the industry's overall market share. The overall population consisted of 2,786 employees, and the sample size of 642 was determined using the Cochran formula and multi-stage sampling techniques. Data collection uses a questionnaire. The data analysis process includes the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The research results show a strong correlation between business innovation, internal business environment, resource utilization, organizational flexibility, proactiveness, risk-taking, and company market share in the selected companies. This research determines that the entrepreneurial dimension of the company has a positive and significant influence on the company's market share. This study suggests that senior managers should proactively engage elements of corporate entrepreneurship to stimulate creative concepts for new and improved products, processes, applications, and services that align with market needs and improve overall performance.

Pengaruh Fasilitas Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas 5 SDN 1 Beluk Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024

This research aims to determine the effect of school facilities on student learning motivation SDN 1 Beluk. This study discusses the effect of school facility to students` learning ability and motivation. Student creativity can be obtained in the learning process through various interactions and learning experiences and is based on the individual`s innate potential an environmental influences. The method in this research is ex post facto with a quantitative approach. The population in this study was class 5 of SDN 1 Beluk, totaling 99 students, however, due to limited funds, time and energy, in this study a sample of 20 students was used which was determined using the Proportional Random Sampling formula. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire regarding school facilities and student learning motivation. Research data analysis uses simple linear regression. The research results obtained have an impact on student learning facilities 43.0% school facilities are the most important factor due to the large.

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Dengan Pemberian MP-ASI Dini di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Idi Rayeuk Kabupaten Aceh Timur Tahun 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and attitudes with the provision of early complementary feeding in the work area of ​​the Idi Rayeuk Health Center, East Aceh Regency in 2023. This study used a quantitative approach with an observational research type with a cross-sectional study design. The number of samples based on the sample formula was 48 people taken by simple random sampling. There was a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.022) and attitudes (p = 0.006) of postpartum mothers with the provision of early complementary feeding in the work area of ​​the Idi Rayeuk Health Center, East Aceh Regency in 2023. It is hoped that health workers will play a role in increasing public knowledge about complementary feeding and increasing their role in efforts to achieve exclusive breastfeeding through counseling and education.

A relational background knowledge boosting based topic model for Chinese poems

Classical Chinese poetry has been increasingly popular in recent years, and modeling its topic is quite a promising area of research. Chinese poems have the characteristic of short in length, but traditional topic models perform poorly when faced with short texts due to the text sparsity. Therefore, topic model should be improved to satisfy the scenario of classical Chinese poems. In this paper, a relational background knowledge boosting based topic model (RBKBTM) was proposed to overcome the text sparsity of Chinese poems. We incorporated background information into the model, which expanded the text content from the semantic perspective. The background knowledge was combined using word embedding and TextRank and was then fed into the core computing process. Subsequently, a new sampling formula was derived. Our proposed model was tested on three different tasks using three different datasets. The results demonstrate that the incorporated background knowledge can effectively overcomes text sparsity, improving the performance and effectiveness of the topic model.

A Bayesian approach to reveal the role of psychological factors on turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundTurnover intention is considered a significant challenge for healthcare and treatment organizations. The challenging conditions of treating COVID-19 patients and the physical and mental stress imposed on nurses during the pandemic may lead them to leave their jobs. The present study aimed to determine the role of psychological factors (general health, mental workload, work-family conflicts, and resilience) on turnover intention using a Bayesian approach during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study was carried out during the winter of 2021 at three hospitals in Khuzestan Province, Iran. To collect data for this investigation, 300 nurses were chosen based on Cochran’s formula and random sampling technique. Seven questionnaires, including General Health, Mental Workload, Work-Family Conflict, Resilience, Job Stress, Fear of COVID-19, and Turnover Intention Questionnaires. Bayesian Networks (BNs) were used to draw probabilistic and graphical models. A sensitivity analysis also was performed to study the effects of the variables. The GeNIe academic software, version 2.3, facilitated the examination of the Bayesian network.ResultsThe statistically significant associations occurred between the variables of fear of COVID-19 and job stress (0.313), job stress and turnover intention (0.302), and resilience and job stress (0.298), respectively. Job stress had the highest association with the fear of COVID-19 (0.313), and resilience had the greatest association with the work-family conflict (0.296). Also, the association between turnover intention and job stress (0.302) was higher than the association between this variable and resilience (0.219). At the low resilience and high job stress with the probability of 100%, the turnover intention variable increased by 20%, while at high resilience and low job stress with the probability of 100%, turnover intention was found to decrease by 32%.ConclusionIn general, the results showed that four psychological factors affect job turnover intention. However, the greatest impact was related to job stress and resilience. These results can be used to manage job turnover intention in medical environments, especially in critical situations such as COVID-19.

Community's Level of Knowledge and Attitude Concerning Tooth Extraction in Bonto Katute Village, Sinjai District

One of the treatments that can be done to treat dental and oral diseases is tooth extraction. Tooth extraction is an action that is often carried out in dental practice because most patients come with teeth that can no longer be treated. The obstacle experienced in tooth extraction efforts is the public's knowledge of things related to tooth extraction. Insufficient knowledge makes people hesitate to go to the dentist for treatment. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community regarding tooth extraction in Libureng village, Barru Regency. This research is descriptive with a cross-sectional design. The total sample of 87 respondents was obtained using the Slovin formula and simple random sampling. Data is presented in the form of a diagram based on frequency distribution. The results of the research show that the level of public knowledge about tooth extraction in Libureng village, Barru Regency, namely 55%, can be said to be good and the community's attitude towards tooth extraction at 69% can be said to be good. The conclusion is that the level of knowledge and attitudes of the people in Holidayeng village towards tooth extraction is classified as good.

Picomole determination of vanillin in infant formula by molecularly imprinted polypyrrole nanowires/reduced graphene oxide-based electrochemical sensor

A molecularly imprinted polymer/reduced graphene oxide (MIP/RGO)-based electrochemical sensor was developed for determining vanillin (VAN). The sensing element of MIP/RGO modified electrode was fabricated by successive in-situ electrodeposition of RGO and molecularly imprinted polypyrrole nanowires on a bare glassy carbon electrode surface. The RGO was utilized for signal amplification and the molecularly imprinted polypyrrole nanowires was used for specific recognition of VAN. VAN was detected by square-wave voltammetry using the redox probe of potassium ferricyanide. Under the optimized conditions, the MIP/RGO-based electrochemical sensor exhibited an ultra-wide linear response range of 10 pM to 100 μM and ultra-low limit of detection of 5.4 pM for VAN with the advantages of simplicity, good reproducibility, high stability and excellent selectivity. The proposed electrochemical sensor could also be employed to monitor picomole quantities of VAN in infant formula samples with good recoveries.

Assessment of Relationship Between Human Resource Planning Strategies and Job Satisfaction in the Lake Region Economic Bloc County Governments in Kenya

Human resource planning encompasses predicting quantity, quality and category of human resources requirements in organizations to ensure that they are suitably redeployed and utilized optimally by organizations. Accurate predictions ease the rationalization of staff to improve its performance and create a conducive working environment. In that regard, organizations in the public and private sectors are formulating and deploying several strategies to enhance employee job satisfaction and gain a competitive edge. Despite the emphasis on job satisfaction, a review of available literature indicated limited focus on the relationship between human resource planning strategies and job satisfaction. This paper assessed the relationship between human resource planning strategies and job satisfaction in Kenya's Lake Region Economic Bloc County Governments. The study used the equity theory and the target population was all employees engaged by the 14 counties in Kenya's Lake Region Economic Bloc County Governments. Three counties: Kisumu, Bomet and Kakamega, which had employed 14,361 workers were sampled. The study sample consisted of 374 respondents, who arrived at the study using the Morgan and Krejcie sampling formula. A questionnaire was used to collect data analysed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables. Regression analysis indicated that human resource planning strategies are positively and significantly related to job satisfaction (B = 0.939, p = .000). Thus, the study concluded that a significant relationship exists between human resource planning strategies and job satisfaction in Kenya's Lake Region Economic Bloc County Governments. The study recommends that county governments in the Lake Region Economic Bloc in Kenya emphasize implementing forecasting and restructuring strategies objectively and rationally to enhance employees' job satisfaction

THE NEXUS BETWEEN TALENT RETENTION & ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE THROUGH MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATION JUSTICE

This study investigates the mediation effect of organizational justice on the relationship between talent retention & organizational performance amid teachers in the higher education institutions. A sample of 323 teachers was selected from a population of 1666 using a specified sampling formula. The mediation analysis followed three key steps. First, it was found that talent retention significantly predicts organizational justice with 70.9% variance. Second, the combined effect of talent retention and organizational justice on organizational performance was examined, revealing that these factors together explain 88.7% of variance in organizational performance. Finally, the direct effect of talent retention on the organizational performance was assessed, indicating that talent retention alone accounts for 83.3% of the change in organizational performance. In this regard, the analysis confirms that organizational justice significantly mediates the relationship between talent retention and organizational performance, highlighting importance of fair and just practices within institutions in order to enhance the overall performances. It is recommended that institutions are required to ensure fairness in all respect to retain talent and improve performance in higher institutions.