Visual Form Research Articles

Film + Design

The design of scenography, staging, lighting and objects for representation and presentation within the film genre forms one of the most seductive areas in the practice of interior design.?The merging of space and movement within this medium provide context and site for the visual translation of narrative, engagement of image and spectacle and discourse surrounding the iconography and imagery of history, culture and society. This studio, delivered to second and third year interior design students at the University of South Australia, delved into the multi-disciplinary practice of the film process. It introduced students to the various roles and responsibilities of the designer working within the medium of film. It attempted to meld the theoretical and practical through a series of design projects which analysed and developed design proposals while challenging traditional realms of interior design practice. Four specific theory lectures were developed to provide a theoretical reference for the project work. These were structured to explore notions of montage, place, and fragmentation through representation and imagery. To augment these lectures and translate existing skills into the conventions of film design practice, practical workshops exploring the techniques of script breakdown, drafting, lighting and packaging formed an integral part of the lecture series. To develop critical analysis and observation of existing practices, students were asked to watch a minimum of ten films - either from the supplied listing' or as proposed. They were asked to comment both in visual and text form, on the various devices used to visualize the narrative in each film. To do so, they identified the broad themes of the film and documented design methods used to represent these themes - form, lighting, spatial sequencing, etc Gaining an understanding of a body of film works allowed students to engage in both theoretical and practical approaches to the design process in a reflective and responsive way.

Petri nets for Adaptive learning scenarios in Serious games

Abstract Serious games are becoming a more commonly utilized tool in training, education, and learning. On the other hand, Petri nets, a well-known formalism for process modeling, seem to be a promising tool for describing learning activity scenarios for serious games and virtual environments. Thanks to their graphical form and easy-to-understand nature, it can be assumed that participants from different backgrounds should be able to understand and use Petri nets for their scenarios. A present study presented here investigates how this assumption corresponds to reality. In the study, a short explanation of Petri nets and a set of related tasks were given to a sample of 31 participants (n = 31). The participants were students of Computer Science (16) and Humanities (15). The results collected and statistically analyzed demonstrate both similarities and distinctions in the reactions to problem-solving assignments among individuals in the two groups. These findings and their analysis have been condensed and presented in visual form.

Revealing the synergy between formal aesthetics and product semantics: Exploring the impact of visual form on product perception

This study investigates the relationships between visual form attributes (height, shape, and curvature) and product perception, particularly exploring the dynamic interplay between formal aesthetics and product semantics. The challenge of effectively incorporating formal aesthetic characteristics into the design process is addressed by adopting Gestalt theory as a guiding framework. Drawing on the Gestalt principle of Prägnanz, this research investigates the role of primary visual attributes of form on perceived Complexity, Symmetry, Harmony, and Regularity of kettle images. A central aspect of this investigation is the recognition of a product's form, which possesses the potential to influence the symbolism associated with the product's personality traits attributed by users. To this end, the study aims to acquire deeper insights into the perception of familiarity, prototypicality, beauty, and attractiveness to comprehensively analyze the overall product perception while unravelling the underlying significance of emotional responses through the product's personality. The goal of this study is to deconstruct the form attributes exhibited by eight kettles of various designs. By doing so, we seek to understand how these form attributes synergistically contribute to creating a unified perceptual whole to convey a specific character or identity. The findings offer insights into the influence of form on a product's aesthetic perception and perceived personality and how form contributes to a product's symbolic meaning. By grasping the intricacies of product perception, designers can create products that cater to the diverse needs of different user groups, ultimately leading to increased market acceptance and commercial success.

Delving a stochastic SEQAIJR COVID-19 model with hexa delayed and copious control strategies

The actual ideal of the literature is to probe the effect of external undulation on prevalence of COVID-19. Owing to some environmental influences, we enhanced our model to the stochastic perturbations. In this article, we scrutinize a stochastic epidemic COVID-19 model with seven states of epidemiological classification. Incipiently, a sophisticated biological system with the effect of time lags put forward copious strategies. At the outset, aim of this work is to explore the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution. Moment exponential stability are upheld. By fabricating a suitable lyapunov function, the sufficient conditions for the persistence of the disease and the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution are established. To regulate the widespread of COVID-19 infection, the main intent is to curb the disease with the succor of three control measures. Finally, the theoretical results bring into being alive in the form of graphical visualization. By nurturing the comparison study, the parameters of the model system come up with real data of most afflicted countries that layout premier consequences.

Students’ preparation in IELTS Writing Task 1: How to write a summary of visual information

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Writing Task 1 is used to test participants' ability to select and report main ideas, describe and compare data, identify trends in factual information, or describe a process. This research describes the types of questions in IELTS Writing Task 1 and how to write a summary of visual information usually in the form of a graph, chart, or diagram in IELTS Writing Task 1. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The analysis shows that IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 emphasizes graph interpretation and analysis. In this activity, verbal proficiency must be multiplied by the ability to comprehend and represent information as graphs (graphicacy). The provided information may be directly reflective of what we see (as in pictures or drawings) or more abstract, such as spatial (maps, plans, and diagrams) or numerical (charts, graphs, and tables) information (as in tables and graphs. There are several types of IELTS Writing Task 1, for example, pie charts, bar charts, bar graphs, line graphs, tables, maps, diagram processes, line and bar charts, also pie and bar charts. Each form of data visualization has its way of describing it. To complete the IELTS Writing Task 1, participants are required to write a minimum of 150 words of writing or an essay. We can divide the number of words into 3 paragraphs (introduction, body, and conclusion) to make it easier to write an essay according to the data presented. The IELTS Writing Task 1 can be fairly challenging, particularly if we have not prepared. Overcoming these challenges requires good preparation, consistent practice, and a deep understanding of the IELTS format, structure, and requirements.

Reading instruction causes changes in category-selective visual cortex

Education sculpts specialized neural circuits for skills like reading that are critical to success in modern society but were not anticipated by the selective pressures of evolution. Does the emergence of brain regions that selectively process novel visual stimuli like words occur at the expense of cortical representations of other stimuli like faces and objects? “Neuronal Recycling” predicts that learning to read should enhance the response to words in ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC) and decrease the response to other visual categories such as faces and objects. To test this hypothesis, and more broadly to understand the changes that are induced by the early stages of literacy instruction, we conducted a randomized controlled trial with pre-school children (five years of age). Children were randomly assigned to intervention programs focused on either reading skills or oral language skills and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data collected before and after the intervention was used to measure visual responses to images of text, faces, and objects. We found that being taught reading versus oral language skills induced different patterns of change in category-selective regions of visual cortex, but that there was not a clear tradeoff between the response to words versus other categories. Within a predefined region of VOTC corresponding to the visual word form area (VWFA) we found that the relative amplitude of responses to text, faces, and objects changed, but increases in the response to words were not linked to decreases in the response to faces or objects. How these changes play out over a longer timescale is still unknown but, based on these data, we can surmise that high-level visual cortex undergoes rapid changes as children enter school and begin establishing new skills like literacy.

Canggu's Batu Mejan Beach As A Source Of Inspiration For The Creation Of Painting Works

The author discusses the history and atmosphere that the author experienced when creating the work as inspiration for painting. This topic was chosen as a means of conveying to the public what the history and atmosphere of Batu Mejan Beach is like and how the author created it in a work of painting. Creation of works is carried out through the steps of research, creation and presentation of art. This research is qualitative in nature by collecting data through journals related to Batu Mejan Beach. The method used is the Hawkins creation method, namely: idea exploration, improvisation/experimentation and realization. The originality of the work is carried out by the author from the basis of the emergence of an idea to the creation of a work of art using the visual source of coral rocks at Batu Mejan Beach and the addition of objects that have meaning/symbols. The visualization of the work emphasizes the elements of the idea and the techniques in which it is developed, accompanied by a spirit of taste that is built to give an aesthetic impression through the presentation of forms, as well as concepts that are used as references in each work. The result of the creation is a form of visualization of a painting by emphasizing the elements and principles of painting. The creation of this painting work is entitled "Canggu's Batu Mejan Beach as a Source of Inspiration for the Creation of Painting Works" with the output being a final thesis work and six works of painting art. Using palette techniques and acrylic paint materials with an expressionist flow.

Design of a Sign System as a Means of Information for the Flora Clinic

Flora Clinic has a vision, which is to become the first clinic of choice to provide the best service for the audience. The unstructured sign system as a visual representation of location markers at the Flora clinic is difficult to realize the best service that is prioritized by the manager. The sign system is a medium for human interaction with public spaces through visual forms. The existence of a sign system in a public space can help the public know the location of the place that will be the destination. The design of the sign system as a means of information for the Flora clinic in the city of Bandar Lampung uses a qualitative approach research method. namely the research method used to observe the condition of natural objects, where a researcher is the main key instrument of research. The design of Flora's clinical sign system uses a creative method, namely mind mapping. Tony Buzan said that mind mapping is a method by grouping ideas in a structured framework to transfer the thoughts in the brain into written or image form.

Changes to Domestic Spaces and Home-Based Business in Ho Chi Minh City: A Case Study of Nguyen Thien Thuat Apartment Blocks

This article examines the impact of home-based business on spatial changes and architectural transformation in old apartment buildings, locally called Chung Cu, an under-studied housing typology in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). This article elucidates how looking into local ideas and practices of domestic spaces with home-based businesses can broaden existing scholarship on home culture. The term ‘home-based business’ is used in this article to describe commercial and business activities run by local residents in their homes. This article analyzed and presented first-hand data in both textual and visual forms and suggests that given the historical and social changes, particularly since the 1960s, the resilience, and persistence of home-based business, as a constituent of local life in HCMC, have significantly contributed to the making and transformation of domestic spaces in the city.

Recruitment strategies used to enrol healthy volunteers in the first pneumococcal human infection study in Africa: Lessons from Blantyre, Malawi

Background Human infection studies (HIS) also known as Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIM) are a relatively new concept in African countries to clinicians, scientists, and communities alike. We have introduced HIS/CHIM studies to Malawi during the last four years by developing an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model. This CHIM was used to test the efficacy of a licensed 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) against experimental nasal pneumococcal carriage. Traditional and digital recruitment strategies into this novel trial were explored. Objectives To describe various methods of recruitment in this first CHIM study in Malawi. Methods The clinical trial within the context of which these data were recorded was registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (REF: PACTR202008503507113) on 03 August 2020. The project was conducted at the Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme (MLW) in Blantyre, Malawi between April 2021, and September 2022. Source populations were college students and community members within Blantyre. Recruitment strategies included sharing study information in written or visual form, community sensitization meetings, snowball contacts (word of mouth from previous volunteers), branded clothing and participating in radio and television programs. Results 299 volunteers attended screening clinic, of whom 278 were recruited. Sixty-six recruited volunteers (23.7%) were college students and 212 (76.3%) were from the community. Snowball word-of-mouth contacting was the most successful recruitment strategy, with 201 (72.3%) participants recruited using this method. 195 (70.1%) were men of whom 149 (76.4%) joined the study through snowballing. Conclusion or recommendation Using a variety of recruitment strategies led to successful recruitment in this novel controlled human infection study. Most participants were recruited through snowballing.

Differentiating Religion from Problem and Religious Problems from Each Other: Before and Today

This study aims to understand and interpret the process of turning religion into a problem. Expressed differently, religious problems in the context of globalization will be the object of historical analysis regarding their meaning and interpretation. Although this analysis can be done in a separate way of treatment, perhaps as a preparation for such a study, efforts will be made to take over some initiatives previously carried out in this field, the issue is treated from the historical perspective: before and today. At the same time, it is very important to show that terms such as Christianity and Islam, seen from the point of view of their proponents, are used in connection with the process of turning religion into a problem. The process of turning Christianity into a problem is named by historians and sociologists as the process of secularization, which is described as removing temporal (material) religions from their ruling domains to make them independent and humanitarian. Finally, turning religion into a problem and secularization are two separate expressions of the same phenomenon. If there is secularization anywhere, religion has become a problem; if somewhere religion has become a problem, this is a sign of secularism. Meanwhile, in the Islamic world, secularism was previously carried out by a process that preceded secularism, thus turning Islam into a problem. The name of this problem is colonialism. Expressed differently, in the Islamic world, both secularization and the transformation of Islam into a subordinate problem because of secularism are the results of colonialism. The spread and expansion of secularism in the Islamic world came about as a natural result of the spread and expansion of colonialism. Among its historical conditions, the classical period, even though it is a specificity that at first glance does not seem very important - when compared to the colonial conditions that have to differentiate specifics of our subject, the importance comes to the fore clearly - is the fact that political authority has been in the hands of Muslims and that, therefore, social organization has been realized in its authentic terms. Therefore, two specifics, historical conditions and human nature have been, firstly, the tool and secondly, as an external visual form of being, and all issues and solutions to situations have been realized in such authentic conditions. At this point, Islam, and Christianity, stripping themselves of traditions, were oriented to recall purely and, in this context, a new attitude began to develop, such as the understanding and reinterpretation of the fundamental religious texts, about which these beliefs were discussed. In this study, we are dealing with an innovation regarding the meaning and interpretation of religious texts, indirectly expressed by differentiating religion from believers. There is one thing that cannot be discussed, it is the process of turning religion into a problem and religious problems from each other. Furthermore, in this study, we will be careful not to openly criticize one of the descriptive and comparative methods used by world historiography. On the one hand, the methods are directly related to their issues, in a sense, the issues predetermine the way of handling them. From this point of view, criticizing the method without criticizing the issue would be unfair. On the other hand, there is no need for a critic with an understanding of the method treated within the connection with its issues, related to its application in another important issue from it. To sum up, the criticism is present within the description of the treated method related to the particularities of the case. In my opinion, the sufficient expression of an idea makes a separate criticism unnecessary since it also carries its criticism, from the point of view of emphasizing the changes in a world that is becoming more and more globalized. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024

The Approach of Waste paper Furniture from the Perspective of Mosaic Art

This paper aims to study the design method of paper home decoration from the perspective of mosaic art. The author divided the research into two parts, namely the design of the external surface of the paper furniture decoration and the internal structure of the product. Firstly, the design and development process of the project investigated the application of mosaic forms based on corrugated fiberboard and pulp. Through the classification, cutting, and splicing of corrugated paper, as well as the artificial coloring and molding of paper pulp, for the purpose of finding the visual symbols that convey mosaic art. Then, during the experiment, the structural proportions of the corrugated paper were adjusted through cutting and stacking, aiming to find ways to improve the load-bearing capacity of the corrugated paper, thereby achieving product functionality. Finally, further development was carried out by creating scale models to re-examine the proportions, structure, and stability of the design. The conclusion of the design development is consistent with the stated objectives. Paper material is functionally feasible as a home material, and combined with mosaic art, it can enhance the performance of home products at the aesthetic level and visual form. Three important discoveries were made during the project. 1) The process of applying paper pulp and corrugated fiberboard in the design of home decoration furniture. 2) The approach of using paper pulp as raw material to present mosaic art. 3) The method to improve the hardness and load-bearing capacity of paper furniture.

IMPLEMENTASI PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN SKI MELALUI MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DI MAN 5 GENUKWATU NGORO JOMBANG

Varying media as a device or strategy that can be used by an educator in developing learning experiences. This media is centered on sound and images. Teachers use this media with the aim of increasing students' interest and enthusiasm for learning. Audiovisual media can attract students' interest, especially if used in SKI subjects that relate to history and past events in practice. By using this media students can minimize boredom. Therefore, educational institutions and teachers must strive to utilize this media in the learning process. Researchers determined 3 research focuses, including: 1). What is the form of audio visual media at MAN 5 Genukwatu Ngoro Jombang, 2). How to implement audio visual media to motivate student learning in SKI subjects at MAN 5 Genukwatu Ngoro Jombang, 3). What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the use of audio-visual media in the SKI class XI MIPA 1 subject at MAN 5 Genukwatu Ngoro Jombang. In line with the title of the research, the researcher applied a case study type of research with a qualitative approach in his research. Researchers collect the necessary data through field observations, interviews with related sources, and evidence that supports the validity of the data through data documentation if necessary. Researchers achieved the following research results: 1). Class XI MIPA 1 SKI learning activities are held once a week on Mondays for 2 hours (90 minutes). When SKI lessons in class XI MIPA 1 use media or learning tools in the form of audio visuals. LCDs, projectors and speakers are often used as media. 2). By using audiovisual media, we can make students more interested in the programs being broadcast, such as films, pictures, PPT designs, etc. By showing films that are specifically related to the material being discussed, students can eliminate boredom. 3). Supporting factors for the use of audiovisual media in learning activities, first, teacher training in the use of learning media carried out by madrasa heads. The second factor is the availability of the necessary facilities. The first inhibiting factor is that there are no computers available in each class so that teachers can easily use the learning media. The second factor, if there is a clash of voices from other classes, can interfere with the explanation of the video being shown.

Development of Audio Visual Media for Learning Writing Poetry and Poetry for Class X High School Students

This research aims to develop learning media in the form of audio visuals that are effective in improving the ability to write poetry and rhymes in class X high school students. The research method used is the ADDIE model development method (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The evaluation instruments used include writing ability tests, observations, and questionnaires. The results of this research show that the learning media is suitable for use in learning based on qualitative assessments by the validation team. Apart from that, the product being developed can also make learning easier for students in accordance with student responses that have been carried out in small group trials and field (class) trials. It is hoped that the research results can contribute to the development of innovative and technology-oriented learning methods, and can increase students' interest and ability in writing poetry and rhymes.

Subtitled speech: the neural mechanisms of ticker-tape synaesthesia.

The acquisition of reading modifies areas of the brain associated with vision and with language, in addition to their connections. These changes enable reciprocal translation between orthography and the sounds and meaning of words. Individual variability in the pre-existing cerebral substrate contributes to the range of eventual reading abilities, extending to atypical developmental patterns, including dyslexia and reading-related synaesthesias. The present study is devoted to the little-studied but highly informative ticker-tape synaesthesia, in which speech perception triggers the vivid and irrepressible perception of words in their written form in the mind's eye. We scanned a group of 17 synaesthetes and 17 matched controls with functional MRI, while they listened to spoken sentences, words, numbers or pseudowords (Experiment 1), viewed images and written words (Experiment 2) or were at rest (Experiment 3). First, we found direct correlates of the ticker-tape synaesthesia phenomenon: during speech perception, as ticker-tape synaesthesia was active, synaesthetes showed over-activation of left perisylvian regions supporting phonology and of the occipitotemporal visual word form area, where orthography is represented. Second, we provided support to the hypothesis that ticker-tape synaesthesia results from atypical relationships between spoken and written language processing: the ticker-tape synaesthesia-related regions overlap closely with cortices activated during reading, and the overlap of speech-related and reading-related areas is larger in synaesthetes than in controls. Furthermore, the regions over-activated in ticker-tape synaesthesia overlap with regions under-activated in dyslexia. Third, during the resting state (i.e. in the absence of current ticker-tape synaesthesia), synaesthetes showed increased functional connectivity between left prefrontal and bilateral occipital regions. This pattern might reflect a lowered threshold for conscious access to visual mental contents and might imply a non-specific predisposition to all synaesthesias with a visual content. These data provide a rich and coherent account of ticker-tape synaesthesia as a non-detrimental developmental condition created by the interaction of reading acquisition with an atypical cerebral substrate.

Visual field asymmetries in visual word form identification

Visual performance across the visual fields interacts with visual tasks and visual stimuli, and visual resolution decreases as a function of eccentricity, varying at isoeccentric locations. In this study, we investigated the extent of asymmetry and the rate of change in visual acuity threshold for visual word form (VWF) identification at horizontal and vertical azimuths across the fovea, and at eccentricities of 1°, 2°, 4°, 6° and 8° for 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% contrast levels, to determine whether and how the eccentricities, meridians, and contrasts modulated the VWF identification acuity threshold. The stimuli were 16 traditional Chinese characters of similar legibility. Participants pressed a key to indicate the character presented, either monocularly or binocularly, at one of 21 randomly selected locations. A staircase procedure was used to determine the threshold, and a multiple linear regression model was used to fit the linear cortical magnification factor (CMF). We found that (1) the asymmetry was most pronounced on the vertical and superior azimuths, (2) the asymmetry between the right and left azimuths was not significant, (3) the CMF was significantly smaller on the vertical azimuth than on the horizontal azimuth, (4) the CMF was smaller on the superior vertical azimuth than on the inferior azimuth, and (5) monocular viewing and low contrast enhanced the CMF difference between azimuths. In conclusion, vertical and horizontal azimuths, location of eccentricity, contrast levels of word symbols, and monocular/binocular viewing have different effects on visual field asymmetry and cortical magnification factors.

A priori parameter estimation of space SAR operating in the sliding spotlight scan mode and in the terrain observation mode by progressive scans

In the detailed mode of operation of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR), an improved level of geometric resolution of the terrain in a small frame is achieved. If, however, the frame length exceeds the size of the bottom trace in the azimuthal direction, then it is necessary to use a sliding spotlight operation mode (SSL), in which antenna pattern is scanned in the swath along the azimuth angle. To increase the width of the swath, ScanSAR mode is used. In the traditional implementation of this mode, image serration occurs. This effect can be eliminated by using terrain observation by progressive scans mode (TOPS)). In this mode, when shooting a frame, the antenna pattern runs quickly and alternately through all the specified partial swath bands. Despite the presence of a large number of publications in domestic and foreign literature devoted to the analysis of the main parameters of SAR operating in SSL and TOPS modes, there is a need to clarify calculation methods and increase the number of system parameters issued by them, which generally determine the basic appearance of the equipment. The purpose of the work is to clarify and detail the presentation of the methodology for a priori estimation of an increased number of parameters describing the main system characteristics of space SAR operating in SSL and TOPS. The paper develops and describes in detail a methodology with an exhaustive list of calculation ratios for a priori estimation of parameters describing the main system characteristics of space SAR operating in SSL and TOPS. Based on it, algorithms and software modules have been developed that allow you to perform calculations and display the results in a visual graphical form. Examples of computer calculations of 12 system parameters dependencies on the angle of sight of space radars operating in these two modes are given. The application of the developed methodology makes it possible to quickly perform an a priori assessment of a variety of basic system parameters of space radars operating in SSL and TOPS modes, which facilitates the selection of the most acceptable basic appearance of the equipment for practical implementation.

Wooing Werewolves: Girls’ Genius, Feminine, and Initiation in Angela Carter’s and Märta Tikkanen’s Versions of “Little Red Riding Hood”

Girls’ initiation contributes to cultural representations in Western folk fairy tales. This study examines girls’ initiation in three contemporary versions of “Little Red Riding Hood”, Angela Carter’s “The Company of Wolves” and “Wolf-Alice” (1979), and Märta Tikkanen’s Rödluvan (Little Red Riding Hood, 1986), in relation to “The Story of Grandmother”, popularized by Paul Delarue (1956). Combining fairy-tale research with Kristevan theories on subjectivity, the feminine, and the genius, it examines how initiation assigns to the girl in Delarue’s tale a social identity and role as a woman and how the contemporary tales negotiate this through the heroines’ wooing of werewolves. The findings, presented in both written and visual forms, show the reach of the heroines’ feminine psychosexual maturity, here called the girl genius, in Carter’s and Tikkanen’s versions, representing an alternative to traditional assumptions of girls’ psychosexuality within normative heterosexuality.

355 Connecting computational models of reading to the brain in post-stroke alexia

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Many left hemisphere stroke survivors have a reading disorder (alexia), which is experienced as decreasing well-being. Therapies produce inconsistent results, demonstrating a need for treatment response predictors. We are investigating neural correlates of reading computational models to identify biomarkers to improve therapeutic outcomes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Artificial neural network models of reading, mapping between orthography (visual word form), phonology (auditory word form), and semantics (word meaning), are trained to read single words at a healthy, adult capacity. The models are independently damaged to reflect the individual orthography-to-semantics, semantics-to-phonology, and orthography-to-phonology deficits of a sample of left hemisphere stroke survivors (n = 85). These deficits are measured with cognitive tests assessing the intactness of mappings between representations. Model damage is enacted by removing percentages of the connections between representations. For each type of deficit, the percentages of links removed are entered into a voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis to identify areas of cortex associated with that mapping. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that the neural correlates of model layers will be localized to a mostly left-lateralized network. Increased damage to the links between semantics and phonology in the model will likely be related to lesions involving the left posterior superior temporal sulcus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Damaged orthography-to-semantic links will be related to the left fusiform gyrus (FG) and IFG. Finally, damage to the orthography-to-phonology links will be related to the left FG and superior temporal gyrus. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Mapping components of language models onto the brain will improve our understanding of the neural networks supporting language processing. Identifying these neural correlates may also produce biomarkers that can be used in predicting reading impairment at the acute stage or optimizing therapy in the chronic stage of stroke.

Multi-sensory methods: Toward a crip methodology in fashion studies

Cripistemologies are ways of knowing that emerge from the embodied experiences of disabled bodyminds, while multi-sensory methods value knowledge produced through haptic, visual, auditory and other sensory forms. Drawing on these approaches, this article proposes a crip methodology for fashion studies by exploring the value of combining research methods to honour the knowledge of disabled people and their sensory engagement in the world. We reflect on the four phases of our project, ‘Cripping Masculinity’, and its entangled methodologies and methods. The project engaged 50 disabled, D/deaf and neurodivergent men and masculine people – who we refer to as collaborators – to examine how they produced masculinity and disability through their engagement with fashion and dress. Collaborators took part in wardrobe studies where they shared their experiences with their clothing; fashion hacking where they worked with design students to deconstruct and remake one of their existing garments to better support their bodyminds, and a fashion exhibition and fashion show where they co-produced events to disseminate their dress experiences and hacked clothing. Our analysis demonstrates that combining multi-sensory methods in one project recognizes the different ways that people inhabit the world as sources for generating and disseminating knowledge about the relationship between disability and fashion. While a crip methodology poses challenges for producing research in legible scholarly forms, it also urges fashion studies scholars to intervene into academic ableism through inclusive and expansive research methodologies and methods.