Stereotype Formation Research Articles

The influence of social communications on the formation of public opinion of citizens during the war

With the development of information technology and the spread of social networks, communication has become more accessible and faster, and therefore, social communications are becoming an increasingly relevant and important issue for modern society. The research aims to study the current state of social communications in Ukrainian and global society, considering their transformation and identifying development trends. The research was conducted using the methods of analysis, systematisation, deduction, generalisation, and surveying. The research provides knowledge on the current state of social communications in Ukrainian and global society. Various aspects of communication processes, their transformation and development trends were studied and analysed, which allowed to understand their role and impact on modern society. The study revealed the peculiarities of social communications in different contexts, such as war, revolution, and pandemic. Particular attention was paid to the impact of social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and TikTok, on the formation of public opinion, cultural stereotypes, and types of users on social media. The study was conducted to investigate the social communications of Ukrainians, including their activity on social media. The study helped to establish how social communications affect the interaction of various social groups and institutions, including political processes, civic engagement, and youth culture, as well as trends in social communications. The results of the study of social communications can be used by researchers to expand knowledge in the field of communications, develop new theories and approaches, and understand modern communication processes in society.

Journey to the East and national stereotypes. "The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" as a depiction of contemporary social and cultural issues

The subject of this analysis is the image of a contemporary trip to the East and national stereotypes (Englishman, Indian) in the movie The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel. The image of the trip to India is analysed from the perspective of Bauman’s metaphors of postmodern life, in which theredefinition of identity is inscribed. The journey in Madden’s work is presented as an escapade somewhere between the expedition of a tourist and the wanderings of a vagabond, thus constituting a metaphor for the contemporary life of senile people originating from Western culture. Theuse of national stereotypes (auto-images, hetero-images) and the transformations taking place within them are reflected upon. It turns out that the image of the trip of the elderly English people to India combines comedic elements with reflections on the key phenomena of contemporaryculture, such as a new form of life, the cult of experience characteristic of the West as a condition for the development of the individual, and the formation of a new stereotype of the journey and its participant.

Stereotype Gender Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Padang Tahun 2019-2021

This study aims to reveal gender stereotypes among college students. The focus of this research is on the indicators of the form, causes, and impact of gender stereotypes. This study used a descriptive quantitative method, with a stratified random sampling technique. Respondents in this study were 75 respondents. The results of this study indicate that as many as 38.67% of students do not have gender stereotypes, even so there are still students who have gender stereotypes as much as 29.33%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the understanding of gender stereotypes among students needs to be further improved so that gender justice and equality can be realized.

CINTA DAN DILEMA SANG LIYAN: TELAAH FEMINISME EKSISTENSIALIS TOKOH EMBU’ DALAM CERPEN “SORTANA”

Women in patriarchal culture are treated unfairly and seen as second-class beings. Their presence is considered as something incidental and not essential. For this reason, this paper examines one of the short stories by Muna Masyari, a female writer from Pamekasan, Madura Sortana. Matchmaking and the myth of the Madurese have put Madurese women in a state of oppression and unfavorable conditions because of the binding culture that dominates women. Muna, using the Sortana short story as a means to advocate for the value of feminism which in the context of Madurese culture is taboo to fight against. This study aims to explore the existence of women who are represented by female characters called Embu. This research method uses qualitative-descriptive research by analyzing the content of the story, looking at sentences and paragraphs related to the issue of the existence of women in Sortana short story. The theoretical concept used is existentialist feminism. From the results of the analysis, it is known that the gender injustice experienced by the Embu character in the short story is in the form of marginalization, subordination, and stereotypes. Meanwhile, through his actions, the Embu figure has the awareness to become the Self in order to be free from the Other.

The Interpretation of Racism in the Film "Green Book" from Roland Barthes' Semiotics Perspective

Racism in the United States continues to be an enduring issue from generation to generation. Various forms of racial discrimination have remained ingrained in the social life of American citizens. The formation of stereotypes, negative prejudices, and the division of society based on skin color, between white and black individuals, have been triggering factors for the emergence of racism. White Americans still hold a position of high supremacy over black Americans. Film is a mass audio-visual medium believed to have the potential to influence its audience and depict or reconstruct realities of a phenomenon or issue, which is then presented in the form of a movie. The film "Green Book" is an adaptation of a true story that took place in the 1960s, a time when racism against black individuals by white individuals was prevalent. The purpose of this research is to describe the representation of racism in the film "Green Book." The method used in this research is Roland Barthes' semiotics, which focuses on the discovery of signifiers and signifieds in the object of study, namely the film "Green Book." It is formulated into three levels: denotative meaning, connotative meaning and myths, as well as the theory of racism. The results of this research show that the film "Green Book" depicts various instances of racism against black individuals in the United States. The portrayal of racism includes insults, marginalization, discrimination in physical and social status.

THE IDEA OF TRUTH-JUSTICE AS A TOOL FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LEGAL MENTALITY OF THE UKRAINIAN ETHNOSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONWIDE STATE CREATION: A SOCIAL-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

In the last years of its history, the Ukrainian ethnic group faced numerous external and internal challenges, which, to a large extent, were the result of its previous genesis and profound transformations in public consciousness. At the same time, one of the central stereotypes of the domestic political and legal mentality is the idea of truth and justice as a basic social ideal and the basis of the legal order. Analysis of research and publications. The problem of mentality and the formation of behavioral stereotypes has been of interest to domestic and foreign scientists for a long time. The concept of «mentality» is most widespread in the writings of the French historical school «Annals». The scientific work of M. Blok, F. Braudel, M. Vovel, J. Le Hoff, J. Lefebvre, L. Fevre, R. Mandr and other scientists reveals the content of mentality and its structures, as well as the peculiarities of their influence on everyday life and activities of individuals who lived in different historical eras. The purpose and objectives of the article. In this article, the authors aim to analyze the idea of truth-justice as a tool for transforming the legal mentality of the Ukrainian ethnic group and to show its influence on the content of its behavioral stereotypes. Research methodology. The methodology of this research has a complex nature and is based on a socio-philosophical and philosophical-legal analysis of the behavioral guidelines of Ukrainians in the field of legal understanding. The results. The social ideology, developed on the basis of ancient social ideas and stereotypes of the national legal mentality, should become a tool for correcting such destructive phenomena in the state-building discourse as legal nihilism, anarchism, civic passivity, corruption, nepotism, etc. At the same time, the concepts of truth-justice, will-freedom and fraternity-equality are key in Ukrainian legal culture. Discussion. The interpretation of this idea in scientific opinion is not unambiguous. This idea clearly manifests itself in the context of the opposition between Truth and Evil in the national culture. Truth is inseparable from human existence and daily activities. The idea of truth is closely related to the idea of justice, which, according to many researchers, is a later, more rational and clearly defined phenomenon derived from truth. Justice as a socio-philosophical phenomenon is intended to act as a kind of moral measure of relations between individuals in society. It is considered as an authoritative criterion for establishing the correspondence between the nature of human activity and its assessment by the social community. Conclusions. Destructive behavioral stereotypes of the Ukrainian ethnic group that were formed, among other things, under the influence of factors of stressogenesis can be corrected with the help of the legal ideology of state building, which should be based on the content of the idea of truth and justice. The developed ideology should be based on the most stable constructive guidelines of the national legal mentality, organically complementing and ideologically justifying them.

Role of children’s polyclinic in primary prevention of diseases

Objective. To carry out a single-stage descriptive study of realizing preventive direction in the work of a childrens polyclinic in modern conditions. A modern trend of Russian medicine is its preventive direction. As a result of great modifications of the primary medico-social care during the recent years, there were formed structural departments dealing with the status of childrens health, medico-social problems, provision of sanitary and epidemiological conditions of child-care facilities in childrens polyclinics. Materials and methods. Using the example of a standard childrens polyclinic of the second level, the results of work of structural departments of childrens polyclinic involved in preventive work with child population are presented. Results. Realization of preventive directions in the work of pediatric and consultative-diagnostic departments and organization of medical care permitted to increase the share of preventive visits in 2022 to 47%, to ensure covering with preventive examinations up to 98-100%, vaccination 97% of the contingent. The level of sickness rate among infants under one year decreased by 25%. The department of medico-social care individually follows up children and their parents in difficult conditions of life. At the Center of Health, six types of screening investigations, individual recommendations regarding the formation of behavioral stereotypes for maintaining health are provided in childrens polyclinic. Conclusions. Organization of the structure and functional of modern childrens polyclinic provide an effective prevention of diseases and create optimal conditions for formation of childrens health, their physical and intellectual abilities, prevention of infectious and noninfectious diseases.

Resistensi Perempuan Terhadap Ketidakadilan Gender Pada Novel Perempuan Yang Menangis Kepada Bulan Hitam Karya Dian Purnomo

This research discusses about the problem of resistance to gender injustice in Dian Purnomo's novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam (PMBH). This study aims to describe and interpret the forms of resistance of women who experience gender injustice and to understand the forms of gender injustice experienced by these female characters. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative by utilizing feminist literary criticism theory. Data sources are obtained from the entire contents or chapters of the PMBH novel. Data collection techniques using reading and note techniques. The data validity technique of this research is triangulation. The steps in analyzing are: 1) reading the PMBH novel; 2) determine the research focus; 3) marking important parts; 4) sorting data; 5) describe forms of gender inequality and forms of women's resistance; and 6) make conclusions. The results of the analysis show that the forms of gender injustice experienced by the character Magi Diela as the main character and other female characters as subordinate figures are in the form of marginalization, stereotypes, violence, workload, and subordination. The forms of resistance carried out by the character Magi Diela as the main character and other female subordinate figures are in the form of 1) actions and 2) thoughts.

SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF WARIA AS A THIRD GENDER IN THE TOLERANT CITY OF PEMATANG SIANTAR

Abstract Society expected men to behave masculine and play a role like men, and women to behave like women (feminine), who are naturally oriented towards normal sexuality, namely crossing each other. The existence of transgender people who are present in society is perceived as deviant individuals. The purpose of this research is to see the form of community stereotypes towards transgender in Pematangsiantar City, as well as adaptation strategies carried out by transgender people who are accepted (acceptable) in society. This research method is a mix method with a tendency to analyze qualitative data supplemented by quantitative data. The result of this research shows that there are various negative stereotypes attached to transgender people in Pematangsiantar City. Therefore, the various endeavors or strategies of transgender people to adapt or adjust themselves to be accepted (acceptable) as themselves and members of society is a separate effort made by transgender people in the midst of society. This research can be a reference in dealing with social life that exists in the midst of society in dealing with social status as transgender. Keywords : Transgender; Adaptation; Stereotypes; Social; Acceptability.

Збереження гризунів ex situ: досвід утримання сліпачка (Ellobius talpinus) у неволі

The article presents data on the biology of Ellobius talpinus kept in captivity. The creation of semi-underground conditions in terrarium and long-term observations of a group of vole moles during 2003–2014 are described. The course of the life cycle of these animals in the terrarium is presented: daily and seasonal activity, burrowing activity, diet and food preferences, and reproduction. It has been revealed that in captivity mole voles change their daily activity on the surface from crepuscular to diel, which is associated with the absence of disturbance factors or sudden changes in temperature and light. Seasonal activity in captivity is not pronounced, represented by two cases of reproduction that occurred in the summer months. The burrowing activity is extremely high; mole voles burrow or clean the passages daily and often with every activity, without any particular need, demonstrating a stereotypical form of behaviour. Social behaviour, specifics of communication between individuals, and vocalisation are described. It has been noted that the vole moles are characterised by high communication activity, both tactile when adults contact each other and when exploring the environment. Cases of special high-frequency vocalisation such as ‘grinding’ directed not towards another individual, but to the corners of the terrarium, where the mole voles were searching for the possibility of making passages, were repeatedly observed and recorded on video. The following aspects of behaviour were also analysed: reaction to the observer, new conditions, disturbances, and features of group behaviour, including aggression, joint rest, and feeding. Mole voles consumed food both where it was placed and in their chambers, but most often in the chambers there were attempts to create stocks. They preferred roots and bulbs of cultivated plants. The experience of forming reproducing pairs was gained, which allowed us to study the course of pregnancy and the development and growth of the newborn and young. The appearance and condition of the newborn are described along with the presence of teeth, the time when the eyes open, the process of feeding and weaning, growth and weight gain, the ability to move and burrow, and features of parental care. The experience gained demonstrates both the possibility of introduction of the species and the formation of reserve groups to restore lost natural populations.

Nigerian students’ attitudes toward endonormative varieties of Nigerian English

ABSTRACT Previous language attitude research in Nigeria compared Nigerian English (NgE) to exonormative Englishes, such as British, American and Canadian Englishes, whereas this study examines attitudes toward endonormative varieties (Hausa English, HE; Igbo English, IE; and Yoruba English, YE) of NgE. Four hundred and six students drawn from three Nigerian universities located in the regions where these varieties are mainly spoken served as listener judges in a verbal-guise experiment. The results indicate that YE received higher ratings on status, solidarity and quality of language dimensions than HE or IE. Whilst YE received the highest ratings, HE was consistently rated as the least attractive. The study shows that the higher a variety was rated on the quality of language dimension, the higher it was rated on status and solidarity. The results indicate that, unlike in many linguistic contexts where more favourable linguistic demographic profiles accompany varieties with greater political status, this is not the case in Nigeria’s sociolinguistic context. These findings are discussed in light of ethnolinguistic vitality and the history and social development of Nigeria. This study allows for a better understanding of stereotype formation in educational settings and language-based stigma toward varieties of NgE.

RESISTANCE TO FEMALE STEREOTYPES IN THE ANIMATED FILM MULAN (1998)

The resistance efforts made by women against men, form attitudes and behaviors that refer to efforts to fight and oppose stereotypes against women. It is common for these efforts to be carried out with careful strategists. This research revealed the existence of resistance to female stereotypes carried out in a different way, namely through the animated film Mulan (1998) directed by Tony Bancroft and Barry Cook. The research used descriptive qualitative. Data collection in this study used montage technique and data analysis of Miles and Huberman model. The results of this study show various forms of stereotypes against women that refer to standardization. Stereotypes of women include beautifying themselves to get the right partner; behaving well to their partners and parents; having white skin like a delicate and pale lotus flower; having a small waist; being able to pour tea gracefully, calmly and humbly; being elegant; polite; gentle; not embarrassing; carrying out their duties calmly and respectfully; always thinking in their actions; being authoritative, to bring honour to their family. Mulan as an important character in this movie shows that she indirectly fights against female stereotypes. Keywords: resistance, female stereotypes, film, character, family

LINGUA-CULTURAL CONNOTATIONS OF THE ЛЯХ (LYAKH, POLE) ETHNONYM (AS EXEMPLIFIED IN UKRAINIAN PHRASEMES AND PAROEMIAS)

The article focuses on the study of lingua-cultural connotations of the лях (lyakh) ethnonym, which were isolated based on the inner form of Ukrainian set phrases using componential analysis. The noun лях (Pole) was documented in the monuments of the Ukrainian language dating back to the mid-14thcentury. In the language of the early Middle Ukrainian period, it formed a number of derivatives and was actively used as a synonym for полянинъ (Polianyn) (also documented in the late 14th century) until the second half of the 19thcentury. Phrasemes and paroemias with the лях component and other names containing the same semantic component (such as Pole, Polish, Mazurian, etc.) were analysed. The isolated connotative semes were classified into three blocks: 1) semes related to appearance and culinary preferences; 2) semes related to linguistic and worldview peculiarities; 3) semes related to behavioural characteristics. It was established that the most significant behavioural peculiarity in the formation of the lingua-cultural stereotype of the Pole for Ukrainians was expansiveness and proneness to conflict. It is this feature that is reflected in the micro texts of a third of all the paroemias studied. The analysis of the typical structure of the set phrases shows that a number of them are built on the opposition to or comparison with other peoples, primarily neighbours, in particular Ukrainians (appearing as русин (Rusyn) and мужик (muzhik) in the texts of the paroemias) and Russians (called москва (the Moscovian)), as well as Jews, whose compact settlements appeared in Ukraine and Poland in the medieval period. It is noteworthy that from an axiological point of view, only about half of the units contain an ironic or negative assessment; the rest are neutral or positive. Key words: ethnonym, semantics, phraseme, paroemia, inner form, connotation, axiological component of meaning, linguistic world view.

Problems of Sexual Morality in the Consciousness of Modern Student Youth

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of the presence in the minds of modern student youth of certain social stereotypes of a liberal persuasion, which seems relevant in connection with the recently adopted law in the Russian Federation banning LGBT propaganda as a trend dangerous to society. The purpose of the study is to determine the ability of student youth to think about issues of sexual morality in a socio-psychological context and to track the formation of a liberal stereotype about the need to legitimize homosexual relations and the possibility of demonstrating them.Methodology and sources. The article uses a socio-psychological approach to the study of liberal stereotypes of modern youth. The methodology is defined by the works of such authors as I.S. Kon, E.M. Dumnova, A.V. Lubsky and others. The works of such authors as M. Regenerus, V.G. Lysov, E.A. Mezentsev, A.G. Shchelkin, L.M. Bogatova and others were considered. The author also used a pedagogical approach, from the standpoint of which the questions of the empirical part of the study were formulated, which led to its novelty.Results and discussion. In the empirical part of the study, 130 students of St. Petersburg universities were interviewed. The answers to the questionnaire testified to the presence in the minds of some young people of logical failures caused by the already formed liberal stereotype, blocking the possibility of critical reflection on the issues of legitimizing the freedom of sexual behavior of a person, including his deviations. The article notes that the deafness to reasonable arguments, as well as the illogicality of its existence in the context of other person’s judgments, is evidence of a stereotype that is fixed in the mind.Conclusion. The results of the study confirmed our assumption that there exist liberal stereotypes in the minds of some students, in particular, the stereotype about the normality of same-sex relationships and the inadmissibility of a ban on their propaganda, which is definitely worrisome.

Letter labels and illusory correlation: infrequent letters bias reactions to the group

ABSTRACT A previously underappreciated factor, the specific letters used to label the groups, was found to influence the magnitude of the well-established illusory correlation (IC) effect . The typical IC effect of an association between the minority group and the rarer (negative) behavior was strong when the minority group was labeled with an infrequent letter (e.g. X, Z) and the majority group was labeled with a frequent letter (e.g. S, T), but the effect was eliminated (or reduced) with the reverse pairing of the majority group with an infrequent letter. The letter label effect was also found with the A and B labels most commonly used in this paradigm. The results were consistent with an explanation based on the affect associated with the letters due to the mere exposure effect. The findings reveal a previously unexplored way that the names for groups may influence stereotype formation, contribute to the debate on the mechanism underlying IC, and illustrate how arbitrarily chosen labels for groups and other objects in social research may bias processing in unexpected ways.

Stereotip Gender terhadap Perempuan dalam Novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam Karya Dian Purnomo

This article aims to describe:(1) the forms of gender stereotypes for women in the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo, (2) the causes of gender stereotypes for women in the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo, and (3) the impact of gender stereotypes on women in the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo. The type of research used is literary research with descriptive methods. The data source used in this study is the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo. Based on the research conducted, it was found that there were 6 forms of labeling attached to women in the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo. The stereotypes that are attached are, women are week, women are emotional, women are motherhood, women are managing household affairs, women are serving husband, and women are sex objects. Factors that cause gender stereotypes for women are social factors, and cultural factors. The impact of gender stereotypes on women is subordination, marginalization, violence and harassment, and workload.

Ethical Issues Associated With Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing.

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) is becoming an increasingly profitable private enterprise that provides genetic testing kits directly to consumers. DTC-GT companies advertise themselves as a method for patients to take control of their own health and investigate their risk of diseases and conditions as well as look into their ancestry. The scope of practice of these companies continues to widen offering more services. Consumers may therefore have a relatively poor understanding of the services provided when purchasing these products. The testing methods utilised show some limitations, the consequences of which have the possibility of leading to harm to consumers. The result of the data gathered may instigate the formation of negative stereotypes from the public and reinforce existing ones towards a population that may have already been previously subjugated to unfair treatment. The controversy surrounding how data are utilised further impacts how many may engage in its use. This review aims to provide an overview of the services these companies purport to provide as well as highlight important ethical issues of the service such as quality of information, privacy concerns, negative psychosocial impact and the effect on clinical practice.

Gender differences in unsafety perception and precautionary behaviour among adolescents: Case study of a small peripheral town in Slovakia

Abstract The aim of this study is to question gender stereotypes regarding differences in the unsafety perceptions and perceived threats of adolescents, with a special emphasis on their precautionary behaviour. This research was based on emotional mapping in the very small peripheral town of Fiľakovo (Slovakia). Altogether, 151 adolescents in the age of 10–16 years were asked to mark places where did not feel safe, along with perceived threats, as well as information on precautionary strategies they use there. Regardless of the time of day, neither girls nor boys felt significantly less safe, with residential location and age playing a more important role in unsafety perception differences than gender. Girls perceived significantly more people-related threats than boys (regardless of daylight), while boys were aware of significantly more risk in buildings, streets, and places with negative associations (after dark). Avoidance, dependence, and self-reliant precautionary behaviours were identified. Regardless of daylight, girls chose dependence (e.g. calling someone, having a companion) among other types of precautionary behaviour significantly more often than boys. Avoidance and self-reliance were gender neutral. The perception of girls as perceiving more risks and being more avoidant is showed to be a form of gender stereotype and should not be considered a generally valid paradigm.

유아의 미디어 콘텐츠 놀이에 관한 연구

This study aims to examine how children play with media contents and how early childhood teachers perceive and guide children's media contents play. To this end, this study conducted an in-depth interview with 10 early childhood teachers and drew the following results. First, young children were familiar with the use of media contents, which were used in various ways as a material for children's play in educational institutions. Teachers perceived that media contents play plays an important role in the growth and development of children, that is, the formation of peer culture, the development of social skills, and the expansion of imagination and creativity. Second, children's media contents play also has negative effects on children's growth such as the formation of prejudice and stereotypes, the learning of violence, and the alienation of children. Third, though teachers recognized that correct guidance is needed, they were experiencing difficulties in teaching due to the lack of guidelines and education for early childhood guidance.

The Effect of Revealing Clothes on the Formation of Sexual Stereotypes

This paper focuses on the relationship between revealing clothes to forming some stereotypes based on evolutionary psychology. Through the color of clothing and revealing clothes, common examples in everyday life, we analyze the perceptions and reactions of both genders to such behaviors through evolutionary psychology. This paper finds that men and women have different views on revealing clothes, which directly leads to stereotypes. Research on stereotypes can allow society to understand the reasons for their formation and make improvements. From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, our behavior is determined by our ancestors, and if we make improvements now, our descendants will be positively changed.