Forms Of Social Order Research Articles

Restating the Scene of Foundation: Establishing Israeli Statehood and Culture inNational Collectionby Public Movement

National Collectionwas a participatory tour performance presented at Tel Aviv Museum of Art in 2015 by Public Movement, a group that investigates public choreographies and forms of social order. This article discusses the work's examination of the interdependency between the state and its cultural institutions, both as a paradigmatic form and as historical narrative. By following the different stages of the performance score – the group's arrival at the museum's original building where Israel's 1948 Declaration of Independence ceremony took place, a march in public space to the current museum and the tour held inside – the article explores the ways in whichNational Collection‘restates’ the aesthetic political scene of foundation and the museum's central role. Along with the embodiment of institutional authority, the performance formulates a significant critical dimension, conveying doubt and a constant sense of crisis embedded in establishing a state and prominent by displaying or reforming museum order.

On being guided – a typology of career guidance in EU discourses

ABSTRACTWith this article we want to illustrate how the central publications of the European Union legitimate a role of Career Guidance Services (CGS) that help in establishing a desired form of social order. Using the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse, we reconstructed four typical metaphorical conceptualisations of CGS that go along with desirable and taken-for-granted subject positions. The results reveal the assigned active role of CGS in establishing a specific vision of and in transforming the European society. We conclude by outlining the ways in which critique is expressed within the discourse and by highlighting the inherent ambivalences of these practices of critique.

Multiple modernities, modern subjectivities and social order

Taking its point of departure in the conceptual debate about modernities in the plural, this article presents a heuristic framework based on an interpretative approach to modernity. The article draws on theories of multiple modernities, successive modernities and poststructuralist approaches to modern subjectivity formation. In combining conceptual tools from these strands of social theory, we argue that the emergence of multiple modernities should be understood as a historical result of idiosyncratic social constructions combining global social imaginaries with religious and other cultural traditions. In the second part of the article we illustrate this argument with three short excursions into the history of Islamic reform in the 19th and 20th centuries. In this way we interpret the modern history of Muslim societies as based on cultural conflicts between different forms of social order and individual identities similar to those present in European history. Contrary to the European experience, however, religious traditions gradually assumed an important role in defining ‘authentic’ Muslim modernities, leading to a relatively hegemonic role of so-called Islamic modernities toward the end of the 20th century.

PERUBAHAN SOSIAL PADA PETANI KELAPA (Studi kasus Petani Kelapa di Desa Senduk, Kecamatan Tombariri)

The purpose of this study was to determine how social changes in the lives of coconut farmers in the village Senduk over the last 10 years. This study uses a case study. Data collected in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected by means of in-depth interviews on 20 respondents who are coconut farmers. The primary data is regarding the farmer characteristics and the occuring of social change process. While secondary data such as population growth comes from the Senduk village office. Primary data were analyzed descriptively. The research results showed that social change in the form of social order has been a shift. In this case the shift in social norms that lead to behavioral changes in Senduk coconut farmers in the village. The results showed that social change in the form of social order has been a shift. In this case the shift in social norms that lead to behavioral changes in society Senduk coconut farmers in the village. Likewise, there has been a change in people's lifestyles, people are more likely to implement a consumptive lifestyle. Coupled with the influx of new technologies have led to reduce a directly social interaction and also farmers began to abandon their traditions. Population growth that occurred over the last 10 years has led to an increase in density which in turn leads to the village of Senduk government should expand the area of ​​new settlements. The expansion of residential areas has an impact on agricultural land with the narrowing of agricultural land due to the transfer of use of agricultural land to residential land.

Goldwater’s left hand: Post-raciality and the roots of the post-racial racist state

Post-racial discourse rests on the allegation of a particular undoing to which we must urgently attend. There is almost nothing empirically credible about this pseudo-historical narrative structure, yet as a (growing) field of knowledge production, the post-racial discursive regime is no less formidable and far-ranging. Perhaps most importantly, it has attempted to reconstitute (and has undeniably already altered) some of the operative truth assumptions of racial discourse writ large: as a teleological marking, post-racialism minimally posits that the long modern era’s reliance on various iterations of racial power/violence—from modalities of human classification to strategies of mass geographic containment and social liquidation—has yielded to other forms of social ordering, which are no longer centrally premised on this particular form of human differentiation and brutal hierarchy.

Organizing Spaces: Meeting Arenas as a Social Movement Infrastructure between Organization, Network, and Institution

In recent years, social movement scholars have shown increasing interest in the internal lives of social movements, but this turn from “social movements as actors” to “social movements as spaces” has not yet led to a conceptual apparatus that addresses the key role of face-to-face meetings, especially in the inter-organizational domain of mesomobilization. Building on the concept of “partial organization”, the paper develops the concept of “meeting arena” as a hybrid of three forms of social order: organization, institution, and network. It is argued that the complex figuration of meeting arenas in a social movement or protest mobilization constitutes an infrastructure that synchronizes the dispersed activities of movement actors in time and space. This infrastructure is not an entirely emergent phenomenon but is also the result of conscious decisions by organizers. Heuristic, methodological, and theoretical implications of this novel perspective on social movements are discussed, highlighting especially the potential of the distinction between organizing and mobilizing as two intertwined but essentially different types of social movement activity.

Church and people's power: UGCC approach to defining democracy criteria

By sanctifying the rights and responsibilities of man as authorized by God, emphasizing the ontological justification for ensuring freedom of choice, the value of each person and its social character, the Catholic Church, including the UGCC, could not but express its position on specific forms of social order. The Second Vatican Council gave a significant incentive for the development of theological thought in this direction and for the implementation of its constructions into public practice. Since the Church is an institution to which, according to the results of sociological research, Ukrainians have been most trusted for many years, and the UGCC is one of the most active Churches in Ukraine, the study of its attitude towards democracy is one of the topical scientific topics.

Law without the State

AbstractMost social scientists take for granted that law is defined by the presence of a centralized authority capable of exacting coercive penalties for violations of legal rules. Moreover, the existing approach to analyzing law in economics and positive political theory works with a very thin concept of law that does not account for the distinctive attributes of legal order as compared with other forms of social order. Drawing on a model developed elsewhere, we reinterpret key case studies to demonstrate how a theoretically informed approach illuminates questions about the emergence, stability, and function of law in supporting economic and democratic growth.

Revenue, relationships and routines: The social organization of acute myocardial infarction patient transfers in the United States

Heart attack, or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a leading cause of death in the United States (US). The most effective therapy for AMI is rapid revascularization: the mechanical opening of the clogged artery in the heart. Forty-four percent of patients with AMI who are admitted to a non-revascularization hospital in the US are transferred to a hospital with that capacity. Yet, we know little about the process by which community hospitals complete these transfers, and why publicly available hospital quality data plays a small role in community hospitals' choice of transfer destinations. Therefore, we investigated how community hospital staff implement patient transfers and select destinations. We conducted a mixed methods study involving: interviews with staff at three community hospitals (n = 25) in a Midwestern state and analysis of US national Medicare records for 1996–2006. Community hospitals in the US, including our field sites, typically had longstanding relationships with one key receiving hospital. Community hospitals addressed the need for rapid AMI patient transfers by routinizing the collective, interhospital work process. Routinization reduced staff uncertainty, coordinated their efforts and conserved their cognitive resources for patient care. While destination selection was nominally a physician role, the decision was routinized, such that staff immediately contacted a “usual” transfer destination upon AMI diagnosis. Transfer destination selection was primarily driven at an institutional level by organizational concerns and bed supply, rather than physician choice or patient preference. Transfer routinization emerged as a form of social order that invoked tradeoffs between process speed and efficiency and patient-centered, quality-driven decision making. We consider the implications of routinization and institutional imperatives for health policy, quality improvement and health informatics interventions.

New diagnostics for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in India: Innovating control and controlling innovation

Among the challenges for tuberculosis control is the emergence of multi-drug resistance, which has led to the search for new diagnostic solutions worldwide. The focus of this article is the interplay between innovation of diagnostics for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in India and control through standardization of operational and technical processes. Innovation in diagnostics is closely related to processes of standardization. As a form of social ordering, standardization not only controls patients, bacteria, artefacts, health-care staff and medical providers, but also the diagnostic process as such. On the basis of qualitative fieldwork, I analyse the innovative efforts of a demonstration project for a new test by an international NGO and the development of tests by smaller players. The main argument is that a balance is needed between the extremes of controlling the diagnostic process through standardization in such a way that it becomes exclusive for particular local settings or expertise, and innovating a diagnostic test without standardizing operational processes, which is not programmatically feasible. These negotiations between innovation and control can be found in situated assessments, yet require flexibility in standardization.

Rethinking Terrorist Safe Havens: Beyond a State-Centric Approach

Over the last decade, the term safe haven has stirred controversy both in the political arena as well as in the academic literature. Several authors have emphasised the imprecise and commonly ill-conceived use of this terminology. This article intends to provide a fresh analytical framework to better understand the notion of terrorist safe haven. Rejecting the orthodox state-centric approach that envisions terrorist safe havens solely in their static and territorial dimensions, we focus rather on the social dynamics that characterise these spaces. We contend that although they might appear socially fragmented, these geographical areas are ruled by alternative modes of governance that impose a form of social order regulating interactions among actors. We use the concept of ‘social space’ to capture the framework in which social interactions between local actors are taking place. While we recognise that the social order that governs a given social space imposes constraints for actors, we contend that it can be subjected to internal contestation, opening a series of opportunities for transnational terrorist networks. We then try to highlight how terrorist groups might take advantage of these internal dynamics and create new ones to ensnare some local actors into forming alliances with them. This article addresses several case studies to further illustrate the theoretical discussion. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the importance of interpersonal relationships between local and transnational actors. While this article proposes a preliminary analysis of the question, it opens up new research avenues in conceptualising why and how some regions have come to attract transnational terrorist groups.

The Wild West, the industrial East and the outlaw

This paper argues that dominant academic understandings of the Wild West overstate the extent to which it can be understood as a pro-capitalist mythology. The paper begins with an account of the making of the mythic West, particularly in the second half of the nineteenth century. I then consider the cultural economics of this process, noting that, for most of the twentieth century, the Western was the dominant genre across whole swathes of cultural production. This is followed by a consideration of the place of the outlaw and related figures that appear to problematize the legitimacy of new forms of social order, particularly in relation to land and ownership. I conclude with some thoughts on what it might mean to propose an anti-modern and radical reading of the Western, and to connect the cowboy with other social bandits, such as the pirate and the Mafiosi.

Fresh Air and Freedom: Rabindranath Tagore’s Portrayal of Women as Agents of Change in Society and Culture

This paper proposes to explore Rabindranath Tagore’s vision and views on women as reflected in his writings. After a discussion of the writer’s family background and of his relations with women both in his family and as friends, this essay focuses on Tagore’s perception of the birth of the “new woman”, that is, a woman who challenges convention, and seeks to establish a new form of social order.

The Political Foundations of Conflicts Law

Against the backdrop of the conflicts law approach developed by Christian Joerges, the basic features of a transnational concept of the political are developed. The starting point is the insight that statehood has undergone rapid expansion in both depth and scope in recent history. Thus, the central site for democratic decision-making is not in decline. Statehood has, however, always been a limited form of social ordering which has operated in conjunction with other forms of social ordering located beneath, beside and above the state. The central structural cause behind the expansion in statehood was the implosion of the eurocentric world and the subsequent decolonisation processes that unfolded in the twentieth century. Besides leading to a globalisation of statehood, this transformation also implied a transformation of transnational forms of ordering away from colonial centre/periphery differentiation and towards the kind of functionally delineated regulatory regimes that represent the dominant form of transnational ordering today. Understanding the consequences of this fundamental transformation is the central issue with which contemporary transnational legal and political theory, including the conflicts law approach, is dealing. But whereas central aspects of a new concept of transnational law have already been developed, a concordant concept of transnational politics is still lacking. Such a concept must reflect the functional delineated setup of contemporary transnational processes as well as the specific social functions that transnational processes reproduce.

Driving Dangerously: Law, Culture and Driving Habits in Iran

Iran has the highest rate of road traffic accidents (RTAs) worldwide. Iranian studies of the growing levels of RTAs are often conducted by medical doctors, who view them in light of the increase in the production and ownership of cars and the changed lifestyle of many Iranians, and discuss them in terms of pathology, morbidity and epidemiology. This article argues that although the high levels of RTAs in Iran are new and reflective of the changing character of Iranian society, the habit of reckless driving is not. Using open and semi-structured interviews, it explores how Iranians describe their driving habits and experience RTAs. Placing the results of the interviews in the historical context of Iranian society, the article goes on to examine driving as a form of behaviour with legal and cultural dimensions indicative of how Iranians interact with each other and with the normative structures of the legal system, the state and society to create a form of social order. Being mediated through the use of automobiles, driving habits also throw light on how Iranians relate themselves to an aspect of modern technology. Thus, this study will treat Iranians' driving habits as an empirical manifestation of one aspect of their legal culture, which is mediated through the technology of the automobile.

Reconceptualizing Vagueness: Legal Rules and Social Orders

'[I]ndefiniteness' is not quantitative concept.' The void for vagueness doctrine is traditionally understood as concerned with the capacity of legal rules to control conduct. The doctrine underwrites the clarity of the law's distinction between acceptable and forbidden behavior, so as both to guide the actions of citizens and to restrict the discretion of government officials. In the words of recent Supreme Court decision, the doctrine, [a]s generally stated,... requires that penal statute define the criminal offense with sufficient that ordinary people can understand what conduct is prohibited and in manner that does not encourage arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement.2 The traditional account of void for vagueness doctrine thus focuses on the nature of legal rules. It invites us to perceive the question of vagueness as continuous variable, as a matter of degree,3 so that one can speak of rule as having more or less definiteness and therefore as exercising more or less control over government caprice and citizen conduct. For this reason an unconstitutionally vague statute can be rewritten so as to be clearer or more precise. Hence vagueness analysis is said to address itself to the form of regulation, without reference to the ultimate amenability to regulation of its subject.4 I do not mean to deny that this traditional image of vagueness doctrine is often valid and appropriate. But I wish in this Essay to call attention to significant class of cases in which this image is inaccurate and misleading. In these cases courts do not use vagueness doctrine to focus on the isolated properties of legal rules, but rather to analyze the relationship between legal rules and forms of social order. My hypothesis is that different kinds of legal rules presuppose and instantiate different forms of social order, and that vagueness doctrine is frequently employed to distinguish among the

Order and security in the city: producing race and policing neoliberal spaces in South Africa

This paper examines the reproduction of racialized urban spaces in post-apartheid South Africa through a case study of the Central City Improvement District in Cape Town. Urban neoliberalism provides mechanisms of governance that reproduce spaces generated by apartheid under conditions of democracy. My focus is on private policing and the regulation of the central city through the socio-spatial ordering of downtown in ways that secure the interests of property owners and more affluent consumers. Private policing in this context produces a form of social ordering based on emerging conceptions of racialized citizenship linked to market access. It works to exclude or tightly regulate the black urban poor, who are unable to participate freely in this quasi-public neoliberal space, and to remove these ‘undesirable’ elements back into the townships. In doing so, it contributes to reproducing the spatial segregation and the racial identities of the apartheid period.

An e-competence profile for teachers in higher education

Competence is normally ascribed to individuals as a qualification on the basis of the requirements of role definitions and job profiles. Competence, however, can also be ascribed to organisations. Educational institutions, for example, have the competence to certify, a competence that individual teachers do not have. In addition to this, competence is increasingly being ascribed to technologies. Automated knowledge management and e-learning systems are competent to evaluate the relevance and quality of information, to assess skills, interpret learning preferences, suggest learning paths and even to assist in decision making. This raises the question of how the complex interaction of human individuals, organisational processes and structures, and intelligent technologies can lead to a new understanding of the competence profile of teachers in higher education. The Actor Network Theory offers a model of hybrid, network-based forms of social order that can be used to define competence as a quality equally distributed among individuals, organisations and technologies, and which is not ascribable to any one of these alone.

Creating Social Capital in the Early American Republic: The View from Connecticut

During the early years of the American republic, Connecticut's elite helped to develop a new form of social order, based on voluntary association, replacing the authoritarian, theological hierarchy of the old regime. Social relations, which were once thought fixed in nature by divine sanction, became amenable to the initiatives of the populace. By the antebellum era, Americans had also discovered that social capital could be created through the ordinary activities of people engaged in civil society.

From Threat To Promise: Nightclub 'Security', Governance and Consumer Elites

Drawn from an ethnographic investigation of Central London's contemporary nightclub scene, this paper seeks to map previously obscure elements of the private governance of ‘security' and the wider network of ‘nodes' which govern Britain's night-time economy (NTE). Attention to the constitution and operation of nodes and the interfaces between them provide insight into the co-production of particular forms of social order and situated meanings of the term ‘security'. The paper identifies a criminogenic NTE in flux, driven by entrepreneurial zeal, a stratified consumer culture and forms of regulatory closure that conspire to exacerbate underlying tendencies toward social exclusion in the night-time city.