Forms Of Social Interaction Research Articles

Acting with shared intentions: A systematic review on joint action coordination in Autism Spectrum Disorder

BackgroundJoint actions, described as a form of social interaction in which individuals coordinate their actions in space and time to bring about a change in the environment, rely on sensory-motor processes that play a role in the development of social skills. Two brain networks, associated with “mirroring” and “mentalizing”, are engaged during these actions: the mirror neuron and the theory of mind systems. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showed impairment in interpersonal coordination during joint actions. Studying joint action coordination in ASD will contribute to clarify the interplay between sensory-motor and social processes throughout development and the interactions between the brain and the behavior. MethodThis review focused on empirical studies that reported behavioral and kinematic findings related to joint action coordination in people with ASD. ResultsLiterature on mechanisms involved in the joint action coordination impairment in ASD is still limited. Data are controversial. Different key-components of joint action coordination may be impaired, such as cooperative behavior, temporal coordination, and motor planning. ConclusionsInterpersonal coordination during joint actions relies on early sensory-motor processes that have a key role in guiding social development. Early intervention targeting the sensory-motor processes involved in the development of joint action coordination could positively support social skills.

Affect matters: Positive and negative social stimulation influences dogs’ behaviour in a subsequent situation involving an out-of-reach object

There is ample evidence to suggest that dogs have highly developed, context-dependent social skills. Recent literature also indicates a human-like susceptibility to social influence in dogs. However, it is still unclear how the affective social context affects the way dogs behave in a situation involving an out-of-reach object. The experimental manipulation served to prime the dogs with positive and negative affect in the form of social interactions. Dogs (N = 20) participated in both a negative and a positive social interaction with an unfamiliar male experimenter. Having received pretreatment with different social stimuli, subjects were observed in an instrumental task with an unfamiliar female experimenter requesting an out-of-reach object. The analysis of the dogs’ tendency to engage in the task revealed that although the type of pretreatment did not influence whether they retrieved the cued object or not, the social interactions had a facilitatory effect on other, more subtle aspects of their behaviour. The positive interaction resulted in longer duration of looking time at the experimenter; shorter latency of moving upon release and of approaching the experimenter. The priming effects of the negative social interaction manifested in longer duration of looking time at the owner after release while gazing more at the target object during the first trial. These behaviours, together with the finding that dogs were more hesitant to approach the experimenter after the negative social interaction, may indicate that a negative emotional stimulation (involving the owner’s and the experimenter’s unresponsive behaviour, separation and a threatening stranger) causes a temporary disruption in the dog-owner bond, motivating the dog to repair it afterwards. These findings suggest that the valence attributed to the social interaction during pretreatment has differential effects on dogs’ subsequent behaviour. Possible parallels with and differences from human behaviour are discussed.

Disarming the xenophobic everyday: Muslim migrants and the horizons of urban mutuality in Durban

AbstractThis article explores the everyday lives that African migrants in Durban, South Africa share with other residents of the city. In conversation with Obvious Katsaura's work on ‘ethno-mutualism’, we use the example of ordinary greeting practices to show how Durban's urban everyday has been hijacked by xenophobic sensibilities. By demonstrating how the act of excluding migrants from these practices threatens to render the quotidian city uninhabitable for them, we shed light on the importance of mundane forms of social interaction for building a sense of identity and belonging. We then consider several ways in which African migrants develop and participate in Muslim forms of sociality that assist them in ‘disarming’ the urban everyday: from providing a platform for building solidarity with fellow migrants to mediating a ‘sense of welcome’ from the established Indian South African community. Elaborating on this, we delineate how forms of reciprocity emerge through the interactions between migrant and Indian Muslims that reproduce the ambient life of the city as a shared habitat, opening up new possibilities for entanglement. As such, our analysis contributes to emerging conversations about urban mutuality and migrant religious practices in the everyday lives of African cities.

Between mountains and glacial valleys: archaeology in the mountain ranges of the central strip of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina)

Studies about mobility, management of biotic and abiotic resources, exchange of material goods, ideas and information in hunter-gatherer societies, are a fundamental basis in order to discuss the socio-cultural dynamics of territorial occupation and exploitation of different environments and resources over time. In this paper, we investigate this subject in the Isla Grande of Tierra del Fuego (Southern Patagonia, Argentina). The hunter-gatherer societies that inhabited the island until the end of the 19th century occupied different environments, where resources varied, from the Atlantic coast to the Magellanic forest, the central mountains and the northern steppe. Ethnographic information about the native societies suggests that there were important social interaction networks, with circulation of people and goods, north-south of the mountains, through mountain passes. We believe that there were also passages that should have allowed mobility east-west. In order to investigate these hypotheses, we decided to analyse the archaeological information for the area. The results obtained both in excavations and surveys along the last twenty years, indicate that mountain environments, intermountain valleys and high altitude passes were used since at least mid-Holocene. This information confirms that mountain corridors were part of communication networks that involved circulation of different types of goods, acquisition of exotic resources and different forms of social interaction among the populations that inhabited the island.

Fluffy PR and ‘comms girls’: banter, social interactions and the office culture in public relations in England

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to explore social interactions, banter and the office culture in the public relations (PR) industry in England with the use of the difference approach and Bourdieu’s habitus theory. The paper explores whether PR organisations act as masculine habitus.Design/methodology/approachQualitative interviews were conducted with 26 women practitioners, and thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Women were asked questions on social interactions, banter and the office culture, as well as questions on exclusion, from business decisions and having to work harder to succeed.FindingsFindings show that two main themes dominate in responses from interviewees, “de-patriarchalisation” of PR with no personal appearance requirements and no business exclusions because of gender, and “gendered organisations” where interviewees reported dismissive stereotypes of women who work in PR, networking as a job requirement and differences between male-dominated and female-dominated offices, which includes differences between social interactions and banter among men and women.Practical implicationsResults indicate that women feel there are differences in social interactions and banter between men and women. Interviewees also report masculine domination as and harmful stereotypes of public PR professionals, most of whom are women. Organisations who have PR departments, as well as those who hire PR agencies to do the work externally, should design policies on the office culture to ensure equality and respectful work environment for everyone.Social implicationsIn line with the difference approach, women report differences in social interactions and banter between them and men, thus signalling that social differences influence the office culture and work interactions, which tend to be gendered. Findings also indicate that organisations are functioning as a masculine world where women struggle to fit in and obtain recognition. Consciousness-raising is needed in the industry because many women do not recognise oppression in the form of social interactions, and its effect on the position of women or the fact that the most feminized industry is being trivialised by the men on top.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first paper analysing interactions in PR offices using the difference approach and Bourdieu’s habitus theory.

Conceptual analysis of power: basic trends

ABSTRACT This article identifies and evaluates the main trends and issues in the conceptual analysis of power, their dynamics, and current status. There are several interrelated basic trends in the conceptual analysis of power: conceptual solutions have become more flexible; multidimensional view; synthesis of different approaches; expansion of the concept; blurring the borders between power and non-power. These trends require taking into account a significantly larger amount of empirical data and paying special attention to hidden forms of social interaction. Expansion of the range of power forms increases the difficulties of their systematization, while interpretation and comparison of the outcomes of empirical studies have become more complicated.

Socioanthropological Synthesis of Ethological Studies on Rituals in Non-Human Species

This paper analyzes the biosocial origins of ritual by pointing to its significant social and evolutionary functions. Furthermore, it offers a detailed analysis of ethological studies on rituals in non-human species that are considered groundwork for an integrated analysis of rituals in people. Due to the fact that sociological and anthropological studies of rituals were aimed at studying social functions of rituals and rituals as a form of social interaction and neglected the existence of biogenetic models as the basis of ritual behavior, the aim of this paper was to indicate that ritual is not only a product of cultural development but that it has played an adaptive role in the processes of biological and cultural evolution.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ПРИКОРДОННОГО ДИСКУРСУ

Specific features of border discourse as a special form of social interaction are considered in the article. The characteristic features of communicative situations of border discourse are highlighted. The conditions under which modern border discourse takes place are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the professional speech of border guards, which is characterized by professional border guard vocabulary, depending on the field of communication. Discourse is a complex communicative event or sociolinguistic structure created by interlocutors in specific communicative, social and pragmatic situations. Border discourse exists in two forms: the oral form and written form. Oral border discourse is the communication between people in the line of duty. It can be a conversation between two servicemen, between an officer and a person crossing the state border of Ukraine, or a senior officer and a subordinate serviceperson. Written border discourse is secondary to oral speech. Written speech is actually dialogical. The material of the research is presented by normative documents, educational materials, materials of mass media, in which the communicative situations of the border discourse are presented. The place of speech situations of border discourse is determined by the sphere of activity of communicators and the method of communication: personal or indirect means of communication (telephone conversations, Internet, correspondence by regular or e-mail, mass media, etc. Participants in speech situations within this discourse are border guards, academics who teach disciplines related to the activities of border guards, members of the media who cover issues related to border activities, as well as ordinary citizens involved in border discourse when crossing the state border. Motives of communication and speech intentions of communicators are determining factors in the selection of language means to achieve the communicative goal. Areas in which the border discourse takes place are official receptions, meetings, conferences, press conferences, negotiations, command and staff exercises, conferences, training situations with the use of professional border guard vocabulary, regulations, official situations at checkpoints.

Beyond Metaphor

Body-politic metaphors served historically as figurative vehicles to transmit assorted socio-political messages. Through an examination of the metaphors la mollesse (softness) and Adam Smith’s impartial spectator, this article will show that the language of eighteenth-century French and British writers was not simply heuristic or metaphorical. Contemporaries reacted to the growth of commerce and luxury, and the concomitant creation of new public spaces and forms of social interaction, by arguing that the corporeal mediated the social. I want to introduce the concept of corporeal sociability: cognitive physiology and the network of the senses, contemporaries argued, contained the information necessary to assess novel forms of commerce and revealed that sociability was congenitally embodied.

In Defence of a Reciprocal Turing Test

The traditional Turing test appeals to an interrogator's judgement to determine whether or not their interlocutor is an intelligent agent. This paper argues that this kind of asymmetric experimental set-up is inappropriate for tracking a property such as intelligence because intelligence is grounded in part by symmetric relations of recognition between agents. In place, it proposes a reciprocal test which takes into account the judgments of both interrogators and competitors to determine if an agent is intelligent. This form of social interaction better tracks both the evolution of natural intelligence and how the concept of intelligence is actually used within our society. This new test is defended against the criticisms that a proof of intelligence requires a demonstration of self-consciousness and that semantic externalism entails that a non-embodied Turing test is inadequate.

Internet Governance: System Imbalances and Ways to Resolve Them

The spread of digital technologies has led to the global digitalization of all types of public activities. The digital economy emerging during this process has become a leading factor in world economic growth and one of the criteria of national development. The digital economy is based on the Internet, which ensures the functioning of new business models, forms of social interaction and public diplomacy. The Internet governance system differs from other modern international systems of public and political relations in that the leading role in it is played by non-governmental organizations, in particular, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and the Internet Society (ISOC). The activities of states are significantly limited by the basic properties of the system, which complicates the implementation of the state’s digital sovereignty. The aim of this article is to determine ways to resolve this discrepancy.Analyzing the current state of Internet governance, the authors outline the key characteristics that lead to potential conflict. These include decentralization, an insufficient evaluative level of accountability and lack of legitimacy. The authors analyze ICANN and ISOC toolkits and identify the key instruments that actually make organizations central to the Internet governance system. In conclusion, the authors provide recommendations for action by the international community to mitigate the identified imbalances.

Border Closures: Experiences of Ni‐Vanuatu Recognized Seasonal Employer Scheme Workers

Border Closures: Experiences of <scp>Ni‐Vanuatu</scp> Recognized Seasonal Employer Scheme Workers

Ethnography of communication

Ethnography of communication is an approach to discourse research that investigates the sequential organisation of talk as a way of accessing participants' understandings of, and collaborative means of organising the forms of social interaction. The objective of current research is to explore the speech of the education minister and how he uses his language indirectly talking on solid innovations. The sample online recordings of the education minister are transcribed in close detail to allow for a fine analysis of the design, exchange, and coordination of actions within the delivery of new implementations. This paper will introduce intellectual foundations of discourse analysis outline its approach to data collection and transcription; illustrate its analytical procedures; and discusses the application of ethnography of communication in the education minister’s speech while addressing the teachers. The results suggest that the use of indirectness and implicit speech making strategies foster the politeness act in public speech. We can conclude that the politicians’ speech delivered to the public may be researched more and it might be a part of discourse competence of English language learners. The future direction of ethnography of communication may focus on transnational context comparing the different countries and education minister’s speech which may help English teachers to teach culture and spoken discourse better.&#x0D; Keywords: Ethnography of communication; educational leadership; discourse; speech community; speech event

Kenal saja tidak cukup: Eksplorasi Motif dan Bentuk Pertemanan Urban

Friendship is a form of social interaction which elicits positive affect, happiness, and promote mental health. Commonly, friendship is based on homophily. However, similarity often less seen in a diverse context, specifically urban area. Numerous interactions between migrants and nonmigrants will create a distinctive pattern with non-diverse area. The aim of this study is to frame friendship as perceived by urban youth in Yogyakarta with following questions: 1) what makes urban youth befriend each other, and 2) what kind of friendship they have. Indigenous qualitative study is used as a methodological approach. Author interviewed eight urban youth as participants. The findings suggest that urban youth in Yogyakarta befriend each other based on similarity in communication style, the relationship elicit supportive climate, proximity, and needs fulfillment. These reasons changing overtime, proofed by the consideration on cost-benefit relationship. Urban youth in Yogyakarta have several types of friends, categorized by intimacy. Intimate friendships consist of ‘sharing’ friend and close friend, while acquaintances are friends, functional friend, friends bound by space, and demographic friends. Implications are discussed further on recommendation on migrant friendship.

\u2018If they weren\u2019t in the Pub, they Probably wouldn\u2019t Even Know each Other\u2019: Alcohol, Sociability and Pub Based Leisure

While the form and function of pubs is diverse and has changed over time, there remains an at least notional consensus that the pub plays an important social function by providing a place for people to come together in pleasurable and meaningful social interaction. Drawing on qualitative research involving focus groups with pub goers and interviews with pub staff, this paper examines the forms of sociability that take place in UK pubs. Pubs are shown to be sites for varied social interactions which differ in form, intensity and meaning. This includes regular pub going rooted in customer routines but also occasional pub going linked to a wider range of events and associated leisure activities. A common theme across these forms of pub sociability is the value placed on feelings of social connections provided by different forms of social interaction and sociability which are facilitated by the hospitable atmospheres many pubs offer. Pubs are therefore cast as important sites through which various forms of sociability are enacted and enabled. The article contributes to ongoing debates about the social role of alcohol based leisure practises but also stresses the decentring of intoxication apparent in many of these accounts and, further, indicates an increasing diversification of pub based leisure.

FAMILY BASED SOCIAL CAPITAL IN HANDLING OF COVID-19 PREVENTION IN BLITAR DISTRICT

Indonesia is currently entering a non-natural disaster emergency response phase in the coronavirus pandemic case (Covid-19). Handling during this crisis will determine whether the number of positive cases of Covid-19 will continue to increase or be controlled. Community solidarity can move the Indonesian people together against Covid-19. Finally, social capital is expected to be a social weapon to overcome the Covid-19 disaster. Based on the phenomena written in the background of the problems mentioned above, this study will examine comprehensively and integrated with encouraging the creation of a model of strengthening family-based social capital in dealing with the prevention of Covid-19. This study uses qualitative research methods, the presentation of data from this study uses a descriptive format. The results of this study are social capital in the form of cooperation and participation between citizens so far as a form of social interaction that is beneficial for the prevention of Covid-19 prevention. The village government develops village innovation by calling Endhong Indhit Village, which is to help one another, cooperation among citizens with the dominance of nuclear family and extended family. The purpose of Endhong Indhit Village is that no residents will be disturbed during this pandemic.

Pro-socially motivated interaction for knowledge integration in crowd-based open innovation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study how the online temporary crowd shares knowledge in a way that fosters the integration of their diverse knowledge. Having the crowd integrate its knowledge to offer solution-ideas to ill-structured problems posed by organizations is one of the desired outcomes of crowd-based open innovation because, by integrating others’ knowledge, the ideas are more likely to consider the many divergent issues related to solving the ill-structured problem. Unfortunately, the diversity of knowledge content offered by heterogeneous specialists in the online temporary crowd makes integration difficult, and the lean social context of the crowd makes extensive dialogue to resolve integration issues impractical. The authors address this issue by exploring theoretically how the manner in which interaction is organically conducted during open innovation challenges enables the generation of integrative ideas. The authors hypothesize that, as online crowds organically share knowledge based upon successful pro-socially motivated interaction, they become more productive in generating integrative ideas.Design/methodology/approachUsing a multilevel mixed-effects model, this paper analyzed 2,244 posts embedded in 747 threads with 214 integrative ideas taken from 10 open innovation challenges.FindingsIntegrative ideas were more likely to occur after pro-socially motivated interactions.Research limitations/implicationsIdeas that integrate knowledge about the variety of issues that relate to solving an ill-structured problem are desired outcomes of crowd-based open innovation challenges. Given that members of the crowd in open innovation challenges rarely engage in dialogue, a new theory is needed to explain why integrative ideas emerge at all. The authors’ adaptation of pro-social motivation interaction theory helps to provide such a theoretical explanation. Practitioners of crowd-based open innovation should endeavor to implement systems that encourage the crowd members to maintain a high level of activeness in pro-socially motivated interaction to ensure that their knowledge is integrated as solutions are generated.Originality/valueThe present study extends the crowd-based open innovation literature by identifying new forms of social interaction that foster more integrated ideas from the crowd, suggesting the mitigating role of pro-socially motivated interaction in the negative relationship between knowledge diversity and knowledge integration. This study fills in the research gap in knowledge management research describing a need for conceptual frameworks explaining how to manage the increasing complexity of knowledge in the context of crowd-based collaboration for innovation.

Recipients' happiness in prosocial spending: The role of social ties

AbstractIn the past decade, a growing body of studies has explored spenders' happiness in prosocial spending (i.e., spending money on others). However, the happiness of recipients has been frequently ignored. Considering that most prosocial spending behaviors can be seen as a particular form of social interactions and emotional outcomes of social interactions depend on whom people interact with, the current study attempts to explore the influence of the social ties between spenders and recipients (strong vs. weak social ties) on recipients' happiness. More specifically, the present study also attempts to explain this influence from the aspect of basic psychological needs (i.e., relatedness, competence, and autonomy) satisfaction. Results of two studies reveal that gifts from strong social ties lead to recipients' greater happiness than those from weak social ties. Notably, relatedness satisfaction and competence satisfaction, but not autonomy satisfaction, explain this happiness effect of social ties.

Concepts of pedagogy as an applied philosophy: Paul Natorp, John Dewey and Sergius Hessen

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Paul Natorp, John Dewey and Sergius Hessen are usually considered to represent three different philosophical and pedagogical doctrines developed at the turn of the Twentieth century. These are, respectively: neo‐Kantianism, pragmatism and humanistic pedagogy widely rooted in Wil‐ helm Dilthey’s philosophy. Contrary to this common classification, Hessen himself described his own concept of pedagogy as an applied philosophy as a continuation of Natorp’s thought. However, Hessen also noted that an approach very similar to his one can be found (with some restrictions) in John Dewey’s theory. In this case, the fundamental issue is to determine the relationship between philosophy and pedagogical theory and practise. The main part of this article will identify the specificity of this relationship: the specificity implied by the concept of pedagogy understood as applied philosophy. The concept of pedagogy, understood as an applied philosophy in its theoretical and practical aspects, is the basis for critical reconstruction of social life in general. It is the opinion shared by all three philosophers that this type of reconstruction should be based on the communal dimension of basic social interactions, that is, on the communal dimension of work. The only way for the renewal of a different form of social life leads through regaining through them an essential communal dimension of human work. All three authors agreed that to regain the communal dimension of human work by another form of social interaction would only be possible when certain conditions are present; that is, when work will be permeated by individual creativity. The presence of such conditions shall be ensured by the educational community. Thus, the educational community should be a starting and end point for any critical social reconstruction as well as for the pedagogy understood as an applied philosophy.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Мова ненависті у польському медіа-дискурсі: на прикладі міграційної кризи в Європі у 2015-2016 роках

Метою цієї статті є відтворення аргументованих стратегій, що з’являються в дискурсі польських ЗМІ щодо міграційної проблеми на прикладі огляду обраних досліджень, між іншим, сайтів соціальних мереж та польських тижневиків, що формують громадську думку, таких як «Polityka», «wSieci», «Do rzeczy» в період з вересня 2015 року по лютий 2016 року. Ми розглядаємо засоби масової інформації як одне із агентств соціалізації, в якому виробляються конкретні предметні позиції. Вони будуються, серед іншого, за посередництвом мови (дискурс). Міграційна криза у 2015-2016 роках у Європі та супутня моральна паніка різко змінили домінуючий імідж біженців серед поляків із стабільно позитивного на явно негативний. Аналіз «ключових моментів» медіа-дискурсу (напади, агресія проти європейців, заяви політиків), за допомогою методу Критичного аналізу дискурсу, надав можливість відтворити явище формування засобами масової інформації соціального страху довкола тематики міграційної кризи та вказати на певну форму його ірраціональності, характерну для моральної паніки.