Form Of Restructuring Research Articles

Transfer of Company’s Assets to a Local Self-Governing Authority (or the Republic of Slovenia) as a Form of Corporate Restructuring

In this article, the author considers transfer of assets as one of legally regulated forms of corporate restructuring that enables local self-governing authority (or the Republic of Slovenia) to acquire a company with its assets and liabilities by way of universal legal succession, and therefore bring about corporate status restructuring. Transfer of assets is discussed with regard to Slovenia’s corporate regulation, both in terms of procedural rules, as well as in terms of protection of interests of the shareholders and creditors of the company, which transfers the assets.

Emotional Distress Affects Attention and Concentration: The Difference Between Mountains and Valleys

The current study tests the hypothesis that the “mountains and valleys pattern” (MVP) observed within the Attention and Concentration domain of the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery reflects the interference of emotional distress/anxiety on the patient's cognitive test performance. First, the MVP was objectively quantified using a formula that took into account both increased and decreased scores, rather than canceling them out through averaging. Using a total sample of 787 subjects, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Second Edition Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) profile scores of cases with and without this pattern were then compared using an extensive database followed by a smaller, matched-groups design. The presence of the MVP was related to MMPI-2-RF test performance. In particular, this pattern was related to emotional distress/anxiety scales but was not related to scales reflecting neurological or cognitive complaints. The degree of emotional distress experienced may affect attention and concentration test performance in a way that sometimes heightens focus and at other times disrupts focus. The MVP may be used to assess the effects of emotional distress on the consistency of an individual patient's attention and concentration test performance.

Parental involvement in children's learning: Mothers' fourth shift, social class, and the growth of state intervention in family life

Nation states across the global North are restructuring their education systems. This process has changed the relationship between school and home, with an increasing onus being placed on parents to involve themselves in their children's education. The article explores what mothers with different social class positions think about state attempts to enrol them in the education of their primary‐aged children (ages 4–11), and considers their experience of school curriculum events designed to encourage and guide their help for children's learning within the home. Mothers’ support for this form of educational restructuring is widespread, but motivations for, and experiences of, involvement vary significantly between higher‐, middle‐ and low‐income schools. This matters as parental involvement not only increases mothers’ workloads—adding a fourth shift to the existing demands of paid labour, domestic work, and their own education/training—but also risks widening social inequality as middle‐class children potentially benefit more than their working class counterparts. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need for geographies of education to: explore parents’ gendered and classed engagement with education; trace the sectors’ changing spatiality in the context of growing links between different sites of learning; and produce geographies that look both inward into the education system and outward at its importance in wider society.

Periphery and Subunit Exclusion: The Effect of the Distribution of Subunit Power

Subunit exclusion is an important form of corporate restructuring, but fewer studies have focused on how subunit power affects subunit exclusion and its boundary conditions. This study introduces t...

Efficacy of US Legislation in Military Acquisition Programmes: Nunn-McCurdy Act Unveiled

This study analyses the impact of regulatory legislation, specifically the Nunn–McCurdy Act, by the United States Congress on major military acquisition programmes. Nunn–McCurdy's stated objective is to curtail cost growth in weapon system acquisitions. To achieve this end, the legislation threatens cancellation of military acquisition programmes that breach specified cost growth thresholds. This effort collects and analyses a unique data set spanning the lifetime of the Nunn–McCurdy legislation to reveal the threat of termination is rarely enforced. Secondary effects, in the form of programme restructuring are found to be prevalent, but not in those areas that most adversely affect the programme. Thus, Nunn–McCurdy does not provide a strong incentive for acquisition programmes to change processes or procedures. As a result, the legislation is ineffectual in achieving its objective, and cost growth in major US military acquisition programmes remains problematic.

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

AbstractFormer industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.

Transgenic rice accumulating modified cedar pollen allergen Cry j 2 derivatives

In order to create a safe tolerogenic antigen with reduced IgE reactivity, we developed transgenic rice that accumulates in the seed endosperm a sufficient amount of Cry j 2, the cedar pollen allergen, in a restructured form of tail-to-head, providing a feasible mucosal allergy vaccine against cedar pollinosis.

Nonprofit Overhead Efficiency in the Israeli Welfare Sector: How Economies of Scale Could Lead to Administrative Savings

Third sector scholarship has long neglected the issue of excessive organizational duplication and its possible negative effects on efficiency. With the Israeli third sector ranking among the largest in the world and at a time in which the government is looking to further empower Israeli NGOs, it is important that third sector scholars consider how organizational crowding and network fragmentation may hinder the sector's ability to cater effectively to its beneficiaries. After providing theoretical background on organizational duplication, overhead, and the specific context of the Israeli third sector, this study focuses on a subsection of Israeli NGOs — welfare organizations — and examines how overhead rates (treated here, with qualification, as measures of efficiency) fluctuate according to four variables: size (measured by revenue), age, service type, and geographic peripherality. T-tests and multivariate regression analysis reveal that only size affects efficiency, with larger NGOs generally operating with lower overhead rates. Consequently, in addition to urging more in-depth research on duplication and factors influencing efficiency, the authors conclude that new policy relating to service organizations should facilitate NGO mergers, administrative consolidations, and other forms of restructuring that can help to streamline the sector, encourage collaboration, reduce the proliferation of small and redundant organizations, and achieve greater economies of scale.

The current financial and economic crisis and the prospects for the socialist movement

Drawing on the social structure of accumulation theory, this article presents a case that the crisis that began in 2008 is not just a financial crisis or a recession. This crisis is a structural crisis of capitalism, of the type that arose in the 1930s and again in the 1970s. This implies that major economic restructuring is required to overcome stagnation of the economy. The article considers several possible forms of restructuring, including the construction of fascist, corporatist, or social-democratic capitalism, as well as the possibility of a transition to socialism.

The Framework of Mergers and Acquisitions in India: Background, Implications and Emerging Issues

The economic reforms since 1991 has resulted in a change of financial regulatory environment for the corporate sector in India, boosting in the process, a market for corporate control characterized by mergers and acquisitions( M&As) and other forms of restructuring. It is also widely believed that the policy initiatives and the regulatory framework governing takeovers have facilitated this transformation in the Indian corporate sector-giving rise to the increasing takeover activity. In this context, an attempt has been made to assess the impact of the regulatory framework on M&As activity. There has been continuous news and reporting about M&As in the Indian Corporate sector. However, there is dearth of research studies for Indian M&As in the post liberalization period. Therefore, there are certain research issues in this critical area of financial regulation which is having bearing on mergers and acquisitions which need to be investigated. In this regard an attempt has been made to throw some light on some of these aspects. Further, the paper aims at focusing the implications of the regulatory framework on mergers and acquisitions and successfully found out the emerging issues on this area.

GLOBAL CHANGE, SMALL ISLAND STATE RESPONSE: RESTRUCTURING AND THE PERPETUATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN MAURITIUS AND SEYCHELLES

AbstractThis article examines the forms of economic restructuring recently undertaken by Mauritius and Seychelles in response to recent changes in the global economy, which have a fundamental impact upon their socio‐economic landscape. We argue that both Mauritius and Seychelles have recently embarked upon programmes that do not actually attenuate their exposure to the vagaries of international trade but continue a historic pattern of development that addresses ailing economic performance by refining and then replacing one small set of industries with another. The latest phase of restructuring is merely the most recent instalment in this pattern. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Institutional trading, information production, and the choice between spin-offs, carve-outs, and tracking stock issues

We analyze a firm's choice between spin-offs, equity carve-outs, and tracking stock issues and the role of institutional investors in corporate restructuring. We model a firm with two divisions. Insiders have private information about firm value and face an equity market with retail and institutional investors. We show that restructuring increases information production by institutional investors (relative to that about the consolidated firm): the highest increase in information production arises from spin-offs, the next highest from carve-outs, and the lowest from tracking stock issues. Insiders with the most favorable private information implement spin-offs; those with less favorable private information implement carve-outs; those with even less favorable private information implement tracking stock issues; and those with unfavorable private information remain consolidated. We explain the positive announcement effect and increase in analyst coverage associated with all three forms of restructuring. Our model also generates a number of novel testable predictions for firms' choice between spin-offs, carve-outs, and tracking stock issues, and for institutional trading around these three forms of restructuring.

Articulations of Place, Poverty, and Race: Dumping Grounds and Unseen Grounds in the Rural American Northwest

This project extends poverty research by addressing the lack of knowledge about place and race differences in poverty processes (Blank 2005). Rural places experience a range of modes of articulation within the global division of rural labor and we observe three distinct modes of articulation in the American Northwest: “playgrounds,” “dumping grounds,” and “unseen grounds.” We attend to the recursive relations between political-economic restructuring and the discursive production of social difference across class and race lines. Poverty is produced in the reciprocal relations among local historical, ecological, and social processes and the articulation of those places with new rounds of capital accumulation under neoliberal restructuring. Our empirical investigation focuses on white and Latino poverty across nonmetropolitan counties of the American Northwest (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana). We first map county-level patterns of white and Latino poverty in relation to county-level economic restructuring during the 1990s across the region. We then employ in-depth comparative case study research to explore the intersections of specific forms of neoliberal restructuring with place-based historical, ecological, and social processes to understand rural white and Latino poverty in the region.

Business Restructuring and Permanent Establishments

This article outlines two common forms of business restructuring involving the conversion of manufacturing and distribution entities; and, by way of analysis of the permanent establishment articles in bilateral treaties that entered into force between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009, considers permanent establishment risks associated therewith.

RESTRUCTURING LABOUR TIME: IMPLEMENTING ALTERNATIVE WORKING-TIME ARRANGEMENTS ON SOUTH AFRICAN MINES, 1991–2004

Two case studies suggest the restructuring of labour time in South African mining is indissolubly linked with work reorganisation. This results in organisational complexity by virtue of a plethora of production and social issues requiring attention, and alluded to in this article. Two primary forms of temporal restructuring are identified: the first option, continuous operations, is preferred by the industry and marks the lengthening and absolute extension of aggregate social labour time. It extends labour time to its maximum temporal limit, disrupting established patterns of social life. This option represents a retrogressive social development and is resisted by organised labour. The second option, a five-day working week, is preferred by labour organisations and marks the shortening and relative intensification of labour time expenditure. It results in the rhythms of working-time remaining more regular, maintaining established patterns of social life. This option represents a progressive social development, yet is resisted by mining capital. When changing working-time arrangements, the adoption of mining capital's preference results in the social impact of continuous working-time schedules coming to the fore. The adoption of organised labour's preference results in issues of control over the labour process coming to the fore when reducing working hours.

Privatization of Airports as a Way for Air Infrastructure Development

The aim of this article is to analyze the trends in ownership structure and business model of European airports. The analysis covers the 10 biggest airports in Poland in a historical depiction as a consequence of deregulation and liberalization of aviation sector. Additionally the article presents an operational depiction as one of the restructuring forms which aims at transferring the financial costs and risk connected with the extension of airport infrastructure to private sector. Submitted: March, 2010 1st revision: May, 2010 Accepted: June, 2010

Variegated neoliberalization: geographies, modalities, pathways

AbstractAcross the broad field of heterodox political economy, ‘neoliberalism’ appears to have become a rascal concept – promiscuously pervasive, yet inconsistently defined, empirically imprecise and frequently contested. Controversies regarding its precise meaning are more than merely semantic. They generally flow from underlying disagreements regarding the sources, expressions and implications of contemporary regulatory transformations. In this article, we consider the handling of ‘neoliberalism’ within three influential strands of heterodox political economy – the varieties of capitalism approach; historical materialist international political economy; and governmentality approaches. While each of these research traditions sheds light on contemporary processes of market‐oriented regulatory restructuring, we argue that each also underplays and/or misreads the systemically uneven, or ‘variegated’, character of these processes. Enabled by a critical interrogation of how each approach interprets the geographies, modalities and pathways of neoliberalization processes, we argue that the problematic of variegation must be central to any adequate account of marketized forms of regulatory restructuring and their alternatives under post‐1970s capitalism. Our approach emphasizes the cumulative impacts of successive ‘waves’ of neoliberalization upon uneven institutional landscapes, in particular: (a) their establishment of interconnected, mutually recursive policy relays within an increasingly transnational field of market‐oriented regulatory transfer; and (b) their infiltration and reworking of the geoinstitutional frameworks, or ‘rule regimes’, within which regulatory experimentation unfolds. This mode of analysis has significant implications for interpreting the current global economic crisis.

Urban Renaissance as Intensification: Building Regulation and the Rescaling of Place Governance in Tokyo’s High-rise Manshon Boom

During the past decade, Tokyo has seen a massive building boom, despite a prolonged economic slump since 1990. Since the 1980s, central government has enacted a steady stream of building code changes that allow much larger buildings. This paper argues that the recent wave of private investment in high-rise intensification has been instigated by these changes to building regulations, so that the form of urban restructuring and the distribution of winners and losers in the process are shaped by the central state, a reverse of the previous trend of decentralisation of planning powers. This restructuring of central/ local government relations can be understood as a creative rescaling of governance power that disrupted established democratic institutional frameworks of decision-making and conflict resolution. This study highlights both the centrality of land assets in Japan’s developmental capitalism and the continuing importance of the distinctive institutional legacies of the developmental state in structuring Japanese urban governance.

Getting to yes … or no: Nonprofit decision making and interorganizational restructuring

AbstractThis article explores the decision‐making process nonprofit organizations use to determine whether to pursue merger or other forms of interorganizational restructuring. The research uses a case study design, analyzing four examples of interorganizational restructuring. The findings describe both the structure and the characteristics of the processes used in four cases. The research found that the decision‐making processes used in the four cases had several core elements. Participants in restructuring customized decision‐making processes to meet their needs, and power dynamics shaped those processes. Findings about the characteristics of the process emphasize the importance of communication and trust. How partners used power affected the decision‐making process and had implications for postmerger success. Decision‐making processes for cases involving two partners exhibited characteristics that were different from those involving multiple partners. Future research should consider the role of trust in restructuring decisions and the responsibilities of board and staff in the restructuring assessment process.

Reorganising the front line: the case of public call centre services

The aim of this article is to examine a specific aspect of restructuring in the public sector: the implementation of call centres in customer service and its effects on job quality. The general trend towards organising customer services through call centres gained worldwide importance in the 1990s, but in the public sector it has emerged relatively recently in connection with strategies of ‘new public management’. This article presents five international case studies from the public sector that exhibit different forms of restructuring. They range from internal reorganisation and the establishment of a public-private partnership to the full outsourcing of telephone-based customer services. The article concludes that, despite national differences, the introduction of call centres into the public sector, especially when combined with outsourcing, has dramatic impact on the quality of employment, especially in relation to three aspects: forms of employment, skills and know-how and interest representation.