Forms Of Physical Training Research Articles

High-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training for localized prostate cancer under active surveillance: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have been increasingly adopted for localized prostate cancer (PCa) under active surveillance (AS). However, it is unclear which training modality is the most favorable in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical progression. We searched PubMed, Cochrane and Embase for relevant RCTs. PRISMA guideline was adopted to ensure optimal conduct of this study. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and peak VO2 were selected as primary outcomes and PSA doubling time (PSADT) and testosterone were selected as secondary outcomes. Only articles written in English were included. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for risk of bias evaluation. A total of 501 studies were selected. Six RCTs with 222 patients were included for data extraction and analysis. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) group demonstrated significantly lower PSA compared with usual care (UC) (MD = -1.4; 95%CI = -2.77 to -0.03) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) group (MD = -1.67; 95%CI = -3.30 to -0.05). Both HIIT and MICT showed significantly improved peak VO2 compared with UC. No significant difference was observed in PSADT and testosterone among different training modalities and UC. Regarding peak VO2, MICT had the highest surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) scores (98.1%). For serum PSA, HIIT had the highest probability (97.8%) to be the training with the highest efficacy. The potential source of bias mainly came from poorly performed allocation concealment and blinding strategies. The present study indicated that HIIT and MICT showed considerable cardiorespiratory benefits for localized PCa. HIIT was preferred over MICT in biochemical progression control in terms of decreasing serum PSA levels. However, MICT was favored over HIIT regarding cardiorespiratory benefits. The findings of this study may facilitate future lifestyle intervention, particularly in the form of physical training, for individuals diagnosed with localized PCa under AS.

Програма фізичної підготовки артилерійських розвідників з використанням елементів спортивного орієнтування

The paper presents the results of a study of the formation of artillery reconnaissance men’s readiness to perform combat missions using a physical training program with elements of orienteering. The author has identified the factors that determine the effectiveness of the development of physical qualities and the pedagogical conditions necessary to improve the quality of physical тtraining of cadets – artillery scouts by means of orienteering. The high efficiency of the author’s program has been experimentally proven. The purpose of the study is to develop and test the effectiveness of the author’s program of physical training of artillery reconnaissance men using elements of orienteering. Material and Methods of the Study. To obtain objective data, the following methods were used: theoretical methods (analysis and generalization of literary sources and empirical data); sociological methods (written and oral survey); pedagogical methods (observation, experiment); methods of mathematical statistics (processing of experimental data and evaluation of their reliability). In order to identify the pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of physical training of cadetsartillery reconnaissance men, a survey of physical training specialists (n=31) was conducted. The pedagogical experiment was used to test the effectiveness of the author’s physical training program for artillery scouts using elements of orienteering. It was conducted for two years (2021-2023). To test the effectiveness of the author’s program, EG (n=32) and CG (n=29) were formed. Results. The results of the study proved that the main pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of physical training of cadets of artillery reconnaissance men are rational distribution of physical activity in all forms of physical training; proper planning of the time budget for physical training; availability of educational and material base for the development of physical qualities; high methodological skills of class leaders; high-quality organization of control over the process of physical training. Conclusions. The study found that the methodology for the development of special physical qualities of artillery specialists is highly effective, which can significantly improve the level of physical fitness of servicemen.

Дослідження рівня фізичної підготовленості курсантів-артилеристів

The purpose of the study was to experimentally check the effectiveness of the developed proposals for improving the physical training of artillery cadets with an emphasis on the development of strength and power endurance. Materials and methods. The main material was scientific articles, archival data, guiding documents on the organization, structure and content of physical training in the armed forces of Ukraine and NATO countries. To achieve the goal, a complex of general scientific research methods was used: theoretical analysis, generalization of practice experience, survey of cadets and specialists, pedagogical observation and experiment, medical and pedagogical testing, mathematical and statistical analysis of the obtained results. The time aspect of the appearance of information on a certain topic was also taken into account. Similarly, direct study of printed literary sources took place, in particular, information from journal articles about lists of used literature. In total, more than 80 sources of information were analyzed, after which a final review was conducted and 31 literature sources were singled out, the material of which was processed using general scientific methods. Results and discussion. A survey of 121 physical education specialists showed that the most important factors that determine the effectiveness of the physical training of artillery cadets are the use of physical exercises to develop strength and power endurance (29.1% of respondents) and the use of loads in the process of physical training that are adequate for the conditions of the officer's combat activity (15.9% of respondents). During the analysis of the conducted study, it was established that the main pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of physical training among artillery cadets are the rational distribution of training load in all forms of physical training, a gradual but constant increase in physical load with an emphasis on strength training and endurance. Conclusion. The analysis of the conducted survey of specialists determined the need to improve the methodology of conducting physical training with artillery cadets, paying attention to the main pedagogical conditions for its implementation. This is, first of all, the use in the process of physical training of cadets of a load adequate to the conditions of the combat activity of an artillery officer and modeling of physical training, in accordance with the features of the military and professional activity of artillerymen when performing combat tasks. A gradual increase in the intensity and volume of physical activity is important. In the course of the research, the developed program of physical training of artillery cadets of the experimental group showed high efficiency, which allowed to increase the level of their physical fitness by 21.2%, while in the control group such an increase was 8.8%. The implementation of the program had a positive effect on the functional state of the cadets’ bodies. The level of the studied indicators improved by an average of 18.2% in experimental group, and by 7.1% in control group

До проблеми підвищення рівня фізичної підготовленості курсантів-артилеристів

At the same time, the study of the educational process at the higher military educational institution and military practice showed that the physical fitness of young officer-graduate artillerymen has certain shortcomings. During the study of reviews of gunnery graduates, it was found that 22 % of reviews contain conclusions about the insufficient level of physical fitness of young officers. All this testifies to the urgency of finding new, more effective approaches to the development of physical qualities and military-applied combat skills in artillery cadets. The purpose of the work is to experimentally test the effectiveness of the developed proposals for improving the physical training of artillery cadets with an emphasis on the development of strength and power endurance. Methods – theoretical analysis and generalization of practical experience; survey of cadets and specialists; pedagogical observation and experiment; medical and pedagogical testing; mathematical and statistical analysis of the obtained results. All the tests used were consistent with the recommendations of domestic and foreign researchers. Cadets – future officers (21.6 ± 1.5 years old) who started their fourth year of training at the beginning of the experiment took part in the study military academy. A total of 121 cadets and officers of artillery specialties were involved, of which 40 cadets were divided into control and experimental groups. The results. The survey of 121 respondents revealed that the most important factors that determine the effectiveness of the physical training of gunner cadets are the use of physical exercises to develop strength and power endurance (24.1 % of respondents) and the use of loads in the process of physical training adequate to the conditions of the combat activity of an officer- artillerymen ( 12.9 % of respondents). During the analysis of the conducted study, it was established that the main pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of physical training of artillery cadets are a rational distribution of training load in all forms of physical training, a gradual but constant increase in physical load with an emphasis on strength training and endurance. Conclusions. Improve methods of conducting physical training with artillery cadets should first of all be carried out with the use of loads adequate to the combat conditions of the artillery officer and modeling of physical training, in accordance with the specifics of the military and professional activity of gunners when performing combat tasks. The developed recommendations for the physical training of artillerymen cadets of the experimental group (EG) showed high efficiency, which made it possible to increase their level of physical fitness by 21.2 %, while in the control group (CG) such an increase was 8.8 %. The functional state of the cadets’ bodies has also changed positively. The level of the studied indicators improved by an average of 18.2 % in EG, and by 7.1 % in CG

Study of cadets’ attitude to the necessity of introduction of military-applied sports to forms of physical training in higher military educational institutions

Physical training is a set of measures for the physical improvement of servicemen, aimed at the development of general and special physical qualities, the formation of military-applied skills, education of moral and volitional and psychological qualities. The main forms of physical training of the personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine include training classes, morning exercise, sports and mass work, physical training in the process of training and combat activities. The most effective form of physical training for military-applied types of psor is sports and mass work.The purpose of the study is to investigate the motivation of cadets to introduction the military-applied sports during sports and mass work in higher military educational institution. To achieve this purpose we conducted a questionnaire using a questionnaire developed by authors, which contains 7 questions. The study was conducted at the Military Academy (Odesa). 508 cadets took part in the survey. It was found that more than 95% of cadets are convinced of the positive impact of physical training and sports on the effectiveness of their future professional activities, developing skills of mutual assistance, mutual assistance, creating a healthy morale in the military. 57.5% of cadets believe that interest in training during sports and mass work can be increased through the introduction of popular military-applied sports. 96.5% of cadets believe that the physical qualities and military-applied skills that are developed in the process of military-applied sports are professionally important in the modern combat activities of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The theoretical-praxiological warm-up model (PPAT) for entertainer singers

The following article presents physical exercises and the theoretical-praxiological model for singers’ warm-up. The purpose of this paper is to streamline the warm-up for entertainer singers by using PPAT means. The development of technical and interpretive skills, implementation of PPAT relevant to the field and their improvement throughout the activity are some of the most important concerns of each entertainer singer. The complex method of physical and vocal training includes body gymnastics exercises, exercises of the muscular systems that participate in the emission of sound and vocal exercises. Complex exercises are recommended for maintaining mental and physical qualities, improving general motor skills and phono-articulatory movements. These are basic not just for the development of sound emission, but also for the prevention of the so-called professional diseases. The creative development of PPAT for future specialists has a benefic effect on intellectual, emotional-volitional and practical activity. The means, methods and forms of PAPT are aimed at optimally meeting the requirements of the educational, professional, social and daily life spheres of vocalists. PPAT, as a training factor for singers, includes the following: the greater the motor experience and perceptions of the vocalist are, the more perfect the coordination of movements determines a good physical training, the faster the new action is developed, because man can previously create a preliminary model of any motor act in his mind and reproduce it quickly. The essence of PPAT is the optimal use of resources, methods and forms of physical training, in order to achieve and maintain mental and physical qualities. The artistic activity of a vocalist has possibilities to integrate the influence on his spiritual growth and, in particular, on the improvement of his personality. It is important that the specialist in the field acts with interest, with a sufficient degree of independence, in other words creative, and the creative approach to actions is the basis of education.

Preparing Future Officers for Performing Assigned Tasks through Special Physical Training

The use of the newest pedagogical technologies (techniques) with the accentuated influence of the modern technical means of training during practical classes with the SPT and other forms of physical training with the cadets of the National Academy of National Guard of Ukraine during their professional development ensures that they acquire the necessary level of readiness to perform assigned tasks and is the priority of the scientific research. The article aims to formulate a model for forming future officers' readiness to perform assigned tasks using special physical training in higher military educational institutions and to analyze the results of the pedagogical experiment on its implementation. While conducting the pedagogical experiment, the modern technical means of training and functional complexes were used, which increases the level of special physical readiness among the representatives of the experimental group. Also, pedagogical conditions for forming future officers’ readiness to perform assigned tasks using special physical training at the Command faculty of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine were experimentally verified. To improve the “shock” technique of HHC (the technique of applying physical activity measures) and the explosive force, we used the hardware-software system of the martial arts technique “Katsumoto” impact registration (HSS “Katsumoto”), video monitoring of technical handicap operations, Human Reactions Complex (AECS – LAB). Experimental work was implemented in two groups: the control group (CG, n=62) and the experimental group (EG, n=61). It is experimentally confirmed that the high qualification level of special physical readiness ensures the high-quality performance of assigned tasks.

Development of cadets’ power qualities during the CrossFit system training

The article investigates the influence of the CrossFit system classes on the level and dynamics of the development of cadets’ power qualities in the process of training at a higher military educational institution (HMEI). The study involved cadets of the 1st-4th years (n=40) of the Odessa Military Academy, who were divided into experimental (EG, n=20) and control (CG, n=20) groups. EG cadets trained in the academy’s crossfit section, CG cadets trained according to the traditional physical training system at HMEI.
 Among the advantages of the CrossFit system are: the lack of equipment costs; a short period of time is required to do a set of exercises; a possibility of organizing outdoor training, in a gym, within a limited space; a possibility of organizing training with a large group of servicemen; a wide range of exercises eliminates the adaptation to the same type of physical load; a possibility of conducting training sessions with military servicemen with different levels of physical fitness.
 Analysis of the development of cadets’ power qualities was carried out according to the following exercises: pull-up, lifting by coup, lifting by strength on the crossbar, 24 kg kettlebell snatch, push-up on the parallel bars. It was found that that the level of power qualities development among cadets who trained according to the CrossFit system was significantly (p˂0.05) better at senior years of study than among cadets who trained according to the traditional physical training system. This allows us to argue about the need to implement crossfit means in the various forms of physical training of cadets of the academy in order to increase their physical readiness for future professional activities.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ НА ФИЗИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СОТРУДНИКАУГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

This article discusses the impact and importance of physical training on the physical condition of the employee of the penal sys-tem(hereinafter-UIS). The importance and necessity of improvement of the order and process in the organization of physical training of employees of divisions and bodies of criminal Executive system is reflected. Definitions of such terms as: physical fitness and physical condition are given. The negative factors of official activity in the implementation of official duties in the institutions of the penitentiary system are highlighted. The main directions of influence of physical training of an employee of the penitentiary system on his physical condition are marked. Also in this article, the importance of the influence of physical training of an employee on his health is considered, which in turn affects his level, the degree of efficiency, and the latter on achieving the goals of the penal system. In this article, it is noted that due to the increase in the level, as well as physical training, it leads to an increase in a whole range of physical parameters, gives stability to the body of a UIS employee, which is so necessary in everyday hard work; instilling mental stability, self-confidence, purposefulness; development of logical and creative thinking; formation of readiness for extreme situations. The article notes the important role of the health-improving function of physical training in the official activities of the employees of the penitentiary system, which is manifested in all forms of physical training. This article also discusses some problematic issues regarding the organization and conduct of physical training sessions for employees of the penitentiary system, which need to be addressed. Methods of solving the problematic issues mentioned in the article are given. It is concluded that in order to keep the employees of the UIS in good physical shape, it is necessary to review the training plan and its component, as well as to encourage employees to engage in independent physical training and sports in their free time. Keywords: physical training, physical condition, physical education, level of physical training. health-improving role of physical training, employee of the penitentiary system, stress tolerance.

Functional characteristics of children with Down syndrome and possibilities of their correction with the help of athletic activity in Russia

The presence of trisomy in chromosome 21 cause a whole range of internals’ pathology. These internal’s pathology could cause abnormal motor development that can lead to inadequacy of physical activity. One way to rehabilitate children with Down syndrome is by giving them adequate physical activity in the form of physical training or sports. It is necessary to conduct some organizational arrangements in Russia intended for groups of persons with limited health possibilities into athletic activity.Aim: The aim of the research was to show the impact of athletic activity in Down syndrome children and to determine modern problems of its wide application to the given groups in Russia.Methods: Questioning and the method of mathematical statistics. Interviewing the parents of children with Down syndrome was conducted in some regions of Russia during November 2016. A total of 300 families having children with Down syndrome was included in this study.Results: It was found that lack of popular information and diversified scientific researchers in the field of athletic activity in children with Down syndrome is a great problem for trainers and parents. Many parents can’t find a qualified trainer. On the other hands, specialists who are ready to train children with Down syndrome, have no opportunity to get full information to conduct an effective training process with such children and often work instinctively.Conclusion. It is clear that with the right approach and competently worked out program of available sports, children with Down syndrome can become sportsmen who can not only compete at different levels but also represent Russia with dignity at great international competitions.

Police Training Practices in Ghana: An Empirical Analysis

This study was carried out to do an empirical analysis of police training practices in the Ghana Police Service taking the National Police Training School, Accra and the Winneba Police Command and Staff College, Winneba into perspective. The study aimed at finding out the demographic characteristics of police officers and trainees, the academic qualification (s) of police officers, the criteria for police recruitment, the criteria for training of police officers, the duration of the training programme and the motivational factors for one to pursue career in law enforcement. The study employed the mixed methods by using both quantitative and qualitative approaches in getting the relevant data to satisfy the purpose and objectives of the study. Sampling methods used were purposive and simple random sampling methods. In-depth interviews were also conducted to elicit qualitative data. The study revealed that males are more than females in the Ghana Police Service. In addition, the study revealed that the Akan and Ewe dominated the Ghana Police. Notwithstanding, most of these police trainees were unmarried. The study further revealed that majority of the respondents were Senior High School Certificate holders and they did not have any relatives as police officers before they entered into police service. This implies that Senior High School graduates are employed more than any other category in the Ghana Police Service. The study further shown that the police service has a general and standard criterion for recruiting personnel into the service. The Ghana Police Service follows these criteria religiously before a prospective applicant is recruited into the service. It is concluded that the criteria for police training takes the form of Physical Training (PT), drill, classroom work, weapon training, parade, defensive tactics training, oral training, firearms range, scenario training, driving skills, equipment training, mental training, visiting, preps, and an examination. It can be concluded that majority of the respondents were of the view that the motivational factor for entering into the police service was because of the salary structure and also getting the opportunity to help people in their community. Keywords: Training, Training Practices, Trainees, Trainers, Recruit, Police Officer DOI : 10.7176/IKM/9-3-06 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

Concurrent exergaming and transcranial direct current stimulation to improve balance in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundPeople with Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly experience postural instability, resulting in poor balance and an increased risk of falls. Exercise-based video gaming (exergaming) is a form of physical training that is delivered through virtual reality technology to facilitate motor learning and is efficacious in improving balance in aged populations. In addition, studies have shown that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS), when applied to the primary motor cortex, can augment motor learning when combined with physical training. However, no studies have investigated the combined effects of exergaming and tDCS on balance in people with PD.Methods/designTwenty-four people with mild to moderate PD (Hoehn and Yahr scale score 2–4) will be randomly allocated to receive one of three interventions: (1) exergaming + a-tDCS, (2) exergaming + sham a-tDCS or (3) usual care. Participants in each exergaming group will perform two training sessions per week for 12 weeks. Each exergaming session will consist of a series of static and dynamic balance exercises using a rehabilitation-specific software programme (Jintronix) and 20 minutes of either sham or real a-tDCS (2 mA) delivered concurrently. Participants allocated to usual care will be asked to maintain their normal daily physical activities. All outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks (mid-intervention), 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks (3-month follow-up) after baseline. The primary outcome measure will be the Limits of Stability Test. Secondary outcomes will include measures of static balance, leg strength, functional capacity, cognitive task-related cortical activation, corticospinal excitability and inhibition, and cognitive inhibition.DiscussionThis will be the first trial to target balance in people with PD with combined exergaming and a-tDCS. We hypothesise that improvements in balance, functional and neurophysiological outcome measures, and neurocognitive outcome measures will be greater and longer-lasting following concurrent exergaming and a-tDCS than in those receiving sham tDCS or usual care.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616000594426). Registered on 9 May 2016.

Keynote lecture: strategies for optimal cardiovascular aging.

This review summarizes the opening keynote presentation overview of the American Physiological Society Conference on Cardiovascular Aging: New Frontiers and Old Friends held in Westminster, CO, in August 2017. Age is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Without effective intervention, future increases in the number of older adults will translate to a greater prevalence of CVDs and related disorders. Advancing age increases the risk of CVDs partly via direct effects on the heart and through increases in blood pressure; however, much of the risk is mediated by vascular dysfunction, including large elastic artery stiffening and both macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Although excessive superoxide-related oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation are the major processes driving cardiovascular aging, the upstream mechanisms involved represent new frontiers of investigation and potential therapeutic targets. Lifestyle practices, including aerobic exercise, energy intake (caloric) restriction, and healthy diet composition, are the most evidence-based strategies (old friends) for optimal cardiovascular aging, but adherence is poor in some groups. Healthy lifestyle "mimicking" approaches, including novel forms of physical training, intermittent fasting paradigms, exercise/healthy diet-inspired nutraceuticals (functional foods and natural supplements), as well as controlled environmental stress exposure (e.g., heat therapy), may hold promise but are unproven. Mitigating the adverse effects of aging on cardiovascular function and health is a high biomedical priority.

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Hypertensive Patients:Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Postmenopausal hypertension is the most common risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As the exercises training conveys benefits of the setting of secondary prevention of hypertension. High intensity interval training (HIIT) emerged as a new form of physical training and presents as therapeutic alternative to patients and health care professionals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training on endothelial function in postmenopausal hypertension.Methods: Forty six mildly hypertensive postmenopausal women, their ages ranged from (45-55) years old, were randomly allocated to two groups: HIIT group (group-I; n=23) performed a high intensity interval training 3 times a week for 10 weeks at an intensity of (80-85% HR max ) for 40 minutes and control group (group-II; n=23) remains sedentary during this period. Serum nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor levels (VEGF) and blood pressures were measured before and after intervention.Results: A significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values by 9.5% and 7 % respectively, was seen after high intensity interval training which was accompanied by increase in NO and VEGF levels by 43.3% and 15.2 % respectively, while no significant change observed in the control group.Conclusion: High intensity interval training had obvious benefits in improving plasma No, VEGF concentrations and controlling hypertension in postmenopausal women.

Professional applied physical training of future specialists of agricultural production

Purpose : develop and experimentally prove the contents, methods and forms of physical training of future specialists of agricultural production. This takes into account advanced course of professional applied physical preparation means kettlebell sport. Material : The study involved 141 students. Duration of study is 5 years. Results : It was found that a significant increase in indicators of flexibility, strength, coordination abilities of students promoted the use of exercises using weights of different weights. Confirmed the legitimacy of the use of such means of physical education for the development of muscle strength of the upper body, back, legs, abdominals. These muscles are the most loaded in the performance of professional activities of mechanical engineers. Conclusions : The program meets the basic criteria for the formation of curriculum for physical education. The program promotes the development of professional applications of physical qualities, motor skills and improve physical performance of students.

The Traditions of Fisticuffs in the North–West of Russia from the Early Middle Ages to the Modern Era

Various forms of physical training were widespread in the national culture of the East Slavs. One of its original forms was fisticuffs. North-west of Russia was not an exception. There was a fisticuffs version called Skobar, which was practised in the territory where the Krivichi, the powerful union of the East Slavic tribes, used to live. One of the versions explains the word Skobar as an alteration of Pskovar, which denotes an inhabitant of the Pskov region. Traditions of fisticuffs are known to have continued up to the second half of the 19th century. Their descriptions published in the magazine Pchela (The Bee) in 1878 have survived until today. So, for example, in Pskov fights were held 'wall on wall - in an avalanche', some hundreds of people on each side. Other cities of the province were famous for fisticuffs as well. In Velikie Luki they were a usual youth entertainment at Christmastide and Shrovetide. Com- petitions were generally held in the city suburbs. City dwellers set out on a fight against peasants of Sergievskaya village, which was part of the city suburbs. At the end of the 19th century fisticuffs were banned by the authorities. But this prohibition was not always observed. Writer Yury Tynyanov mentioned that during his schooldays (1904) fisticuffs were held between city suburbs that were at war, and the pupils of Pskov Grammar School participated in them.

Effect of various forms of physical training on the autonomic nervous system activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction

A shift in the dynamic autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance towards sympathetic activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) predisposes them to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Improvement of unfavourable changes in ANS can be expected in such patients as a result of physical training. A beneficial shift in ANS balance towards parasympathetic activity could be confirmed by demonstrating increased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) as well as favourable changes in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. To analyse the effect of different forms of physical training on ANS activity in patients with AMI after hospital discharge. The study included 38 patients with AMI (aged 59 ± 8 years) subjected to 2-month exercise training. Group 1 (n = 19)underwent 3-week supervised in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation followed by 5-week home-based training, and Group 2 (n = 19) underwent 8-week home-based training. BRS and HRV were determined based on a 10-min recording of systolic arterial pressure and the cardiac cycle. Measurements were performed one day before discharge (R1) and after 2 months of training (R2). A significant increase in the mean values of TP (total power), HF (high frequency power), rMSSD (square root of the mean of the squared differences between successive R-R intervals), and pNN50 (proportion of differences between successive R-R intervals that are greater than 50 ms) was observed in the overall study group, along with trends for higher SDNN (standard deviation of the mean of sinus rhythm R-R intervals) and HFnu (normalised HF power), and for lower LFnu (normalised LF power). Additionally, a significant increase in BRS (from 2.2 ± 0.6 to 5.1 ± 2.2 ms/mm Hg, p = 0.01) was found in patients with baseline BRS ≤ 3 ms/mm Hg. A significant increase in rMSSD, pNN50, HF and HFnu, as well as a decrease in LFnu and LF/HF (LF to HF ratio) was observed in Group 1. In contrast, a significant increase in BRS was noted in Group 2. Various forms of 2-month physical training led to a favourable shift in autonomic balance towards parasympathetic activity. Our findings suggest a clinically important effect of physical activity in patients after AMI.

Whole-Body Vibration Effects on Bone Mineral Density in Women With or Without Resistance Training

Whole-body vibration exposure may translate into improved bone mass in young adult women. The primary focus of this study was to examine the effects of graded whole-body vibration or vibration exposure plus resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD), hematological measures for bone remodeling, and exercise metabolism in young women. There were 51 healthy active women [mean (SD) age, 21.02 (3.39) yr; height, 165.66 (6.73) cm; body mass 66.54 (13.39) kg] who participated in the intervention. Subjects were randomly assigned to whole-body vibration (WBV), whole-body vibration plus resistance training (WBV+RT), or control (CONT) groups for 16 wk. A repeated-measure ANOVA found no significant (P < 0.05) group differences in BMD at the completion of 16 wk. A significant within group change was apparent for the WBV (2.7% femoral neck) and WBV+RT (femoral neck 1.9%; vertebra 0.98%). WBV and WBV+RT experienced a significant (P < 0.05) 60% and 58% increase in adiponectin, 48% and 30% in transforming growth factor-beta1, and 17% and 34% in nitric oxide with an accompanying 50% and 36% decrease in osteopontin, 19% and 34% in interleukin-1beta, and 38% and 39% in tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The results indicate graded whole-body vibration exposure may be effective in improving BMD by increasing bone deposition while also decreasing bone resorption. Whole-body vibration may also provide an efficient stratagem for young women to achieve peak bone mass and help stave off osteoporosis later in life and provide a novel form of physical training.

Kettlebell lifting as a form of physical training of military engineers

20ческих технологий коррекции нарушений двигательной функции, но и на основе фе-деральной, региональных и муниципальных программ оказания лечебно-профилактической помощи, обеспечивающих их социализацию в обществе. ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Грец, Г.Н. Физическая реабилитация при нарушении двигательной функции : монография / Г.Н. Грец ; Смоленская гос. акад. физ. культуры, спорта и туризма. – Смоленск : [б.и.], 2007 – 130 с. 2. Грец, Г.Н. Физическая реабилитация лиц с отклонениями в состоянии здо-ровья и инвалидов на основе применения средств физической культуры и специализи-рованных тренажеров : автореф. дис. … д-ра пед. наук / Грец Георгий Николаевич ; Смоленская гос. акад. физ. культуры, спорта и туризма. – СПб., 2008 – 45 с. 3. Дубровский, В.И. Лечебная физическая культура (кинезотерапия) : учебник для студентов вузов / В.И. Дубровский. – М. : Гуманитар. изд. центр ВЛАДОС, 1998. – 608 с. 4. Епифанов, В.А. Медицинская реабилитация / В.А. Епифанов. – М. : Меди-цина, 2005. – 330 с. 5. Журавлева, М.Г. Значение учета возрастно-половых и индивидуальных пси-хосоматических особенностей в педагогических технологиях коррекции двигательных нарушений у лиц с детским церебральным параличом // Сборник научных статей и тезисов 59-ой научно-практической конференции профессорско-преподавательского состава СГАФКСТ по итогам НИР за 2008 год / под общ. ред. канд. пед. наук, доцента Д.Ф. Палецкого. – Смоленск, 2009. – 174 с. 6. Семенова, К.А. Восстановительное лечение больных с резидуальной стади-ей детского церебрального паралича / К.А. Семенова. – М. : Антидор, 1999. – 384 с. : ил. 7. Теория и организация адаптивной физической культуры : примерная про-грамма дисц. для спец. 022500 Физ. культура для лиц с отклонениями в состоянии здо-ровья (Адаптивная физическая культура) / авт.-сост. С. П. Евсеев, Л. В. Шапкова ; М-во образования РФ. – М. : Ред.-изд. отдел Рос. гос. ун-та физ. культуры, спорта и ту-ризма, 2003. – 46 с. 8. Bobath, W. Treatment principles and planning in cerebral palsy // Physiotheray. – 1963. – № 4. – P. 1-4. 9. Bobath, K., Bobath B. The diagnosis of cerebral palsy in infansy : dis. / Child. – 1956. 10. Kabat, H. Proprioteptive facilitation in therapeutic exercise // S Licht s «Thera-peuic Exercise», New Haven, Conn. E. Licht. 1958. – 301 p. 11. Kabat, H. Proprioceptive Facilitation Techniques for Treament of Paralysis / H. Kabat, M. Knott // Phys. Nher. Pev. – 1953.– P. 53. 12. Vojta, V. Das Vojta-Prinzip : Muskelspiele in Reflexfortbewegung und mo-torischer Ontogenese / V. Vojta. – Berlin : Springer, Auflage : 3. vollstandig uberarbeitete Auflage, 2007. – 169 p. Контактная информация

Modulations du génome exprimé dans le muscle squelettique avec l’entraînement physique

Aims Physical exercise leads to changes in contractile and biochemical properties. Muscle characteristics are mainly explained by the presence of several protein families, which exist as different isoforms. Each of these isoforms is encoded by specific genes. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge concerning alterations in muscle gene expression in response of physical exercise. In this paper, we stress the knowledge concerning the involvement of intracellular signaling pathways, which ensure the link between the molecular events related to physical exercise and changes in the transcription levels of target genes. Current knowledge Changes in contractile and metabolic properties of skeletal muscle observed during physical training are now well-known. In contrast, the molecular mechanisms at the origin of changes in gene expression remain to be extensively examined. It has been hypothesized that physical exercise leads to elementary signals that are distinctly sensed by skeletal muscle tissue. These signals will recruit specific intracellular pathways and then account for transcriptional adaptations that are seen in skeletal muscle. It has been suggested that transcriptional regulations during physical training result from the influence of many external and internal factors pooled into four categories. Neuronal factors recruit signaling pathways related to transient changes in intracellular calcium, such as calcineurin, calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and PKC pathways. Mechanical factors modulate specific transcriptional changes through mitrogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, especially p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 pathways. Metabolic signals activate the mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α or oxygen-sensitive genes through the hypoxia inducible factor complex. Hormonal signals will not be discussed in the present paper. Futur prospects Future studies are needed to estimate the role played by each of these signaling pathways to explain the phenotypic changes reported in skeletal according to the physical training characteristics. Moreover, the signaling pathways involved to explain muscle adaptation mostly interact; these interactions need to be examined during several forms of physical training.