Negative Form Research Articles

Response Characteristics of Weak Current Stimulated from Coal under an Impact Load and Its Generation Mechanism

Understanding the response law and mechanism of weak currents stimulated from coal under an impact load is significant for the prediction of coal bumps in deep coal mines. In this paper, the system for the weak current measurement of coal under an impact load is established and the response characteristics of weak currents induced by the deformation of coal under an impact load are investigated. Physical models are established to describe the process of charge transfer and explain the generation mechanism of those currents. The results show that a transient current is stimulated from the coal sample when an impact load is applied, and then, the current decays slowly, tending to be a stable value that is slightly greater than the background current. The weak current flows from the loaded volume to the unloaded volume of the coal and increases with the impact velocity in a negative exponential form. Analysis of weak currents using non-extensive entropy shows that the attenuation of the weak current obeys non-extensive statistical mechanics and the non-extensive parameter q is greater than 2. The carriers are mainly electrons, of which the distribution obeys the tip effect that electrons tend to enrich towards the tip of a crack. The generation mechanism of those weak currents induced by coal deformation is the instantaneous movement of electrons under a density difference caused by the tip effect. Research results can provide a new perspective to understand the electric phenomena of coal under an impact load as well as a new method for coal bump prediction.

Brain responses to negated and affirmative meanings in the auditory modality.

Negation is frequently used in natural language, yet relatively little is known about its processing. More importantly, what is known regarding the neurophysiological processing of negation is mostly based on results of studies using written stimuli (the word-by-word paradigm). While the results of these studies have suggested processing costs in connection to negation (increased negativities in brain responses), it is difficult to know how this translates into processing of spoken language. We therefore developed an auditory paradigm based on a previous visual study investigating processing of affirmatives, sentential negation (not), and prefixal negation (un-). The findings of processing costs were replicated but differed in the details. Importantly, the pattern of ERP effects suggested less effortful processing for auditorily presented negated forms (restricted to increased anterior and posterior positivities) in comparison to visually presented negated forms. We suggest that the natural flow of spoken language reduces variability in processing and therefore results in clearer ERP patterns.

L-Arginine-Functionalized Carbon Dots with Enhanced Red Emission and Upregulated Intracellular L-Arginine Intake for Obesity Inhibition.

Obesity is a major global health problem that significantly increases the risk of many other diseases. Herein, a facile method of suppressing lipogenesis and obesity using L-arginine-functionalized carbon dots (L-Arg@CDots) is reported. The prepared CDots with a negative surface charge form stronger bonds than D-arginine and lysine with L-Arg in water. The L-Arg@CDots in the aqueous solution offer a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 23.6% in the red wavelength region. The proposed L-Arg functionalization strategy not only protects the red emission of the CDots from quenching by water molecules but also enhances the intracellular uptake of L-Arg to reduce lipogenesis. Injection of L-Arg@CDots can reduce the body weight increase in ob/ob mice by suppressing their food intake and shrinking the white adipose tissue cells, thereby significantly inhibiting obesity.

Resistive Switching Characteristics of HfO x -Based Memristor by Inserting GeTe Layer

In this study, by inserting a GeTe layer as the current suppression layer and the heating layer, we improved the forming yield (~91%), memory window (> <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), and resistive switching uniformity of HfOx-based memristor. Two forming polarities including positive forming (PF) bias and negative forming (NF) bias were applied to study resistive switching characteristics. After the PF process, the device shows unstable and volatile behavior that is related to ovonic threshold switching (OTS) characteristic. Negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon was observed during the NF process. In addition, the device exhibits nonvolatile characteristic, multilevel resistive switching, and good endurance (> <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) after the NF process. We also proposed a corresponding physical model to explain two resistive switching characteristics of the NF and PF processes.

Jezik diskusionih foruma na relacijama student-student i student-sadržaj

Discussion forums, as a form of asynchronous communication, represent an auxiliary tool in teaching that helps students to be involved in a discussion on a given topic, regardless their obligations, level of knowledge of a foreign language, or inhibitions when expressing themselves in a foreign language. The aim of the paper is to analyze two relationships in asynchronous communication: student-student (interpersonal register) and student-content (subject register), as well as the linguistic characteristics of discussion forums (media register). The paper will analyze the frequency of personal forms (first and second person singular and plural), shorter forms of auxiliary verbs and negation, passive, nominalization, as well as the sentence structure complexity in discussion forums created during the course in English for Professional Purposes, in the field of computing, at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad. Additionally, the analysis will be supplemented by the analysis of emoticons and abbreviations, since they form an indispensable part of the Internet language. All analyzed elements were present in two analyzed corpora, although with significant differences in frequency. In the corpus related to the student-student relationship, a greater use of personal forms, a greater degree of interactivity in the text, a large representation of shorter forms of auxiliary verbs and negation, a simpler sentence structure, as well as a greater use of abbreviations and emoticons were observed. It can be concluded that the analyzed corpus in the student-student relationship is more similar to oral discourse - it has the characteristics of everyday speech. In the student-content corpus, on the other hand, the sentences are longer and more complex with a large number of nominalizations and a smaller number of personal forms, while the use of the passive voice is very frequent, which indicates a focus on the text, but also distancing from the text and the object of communication. These features make the analyzed corpus in the student-content relationship more similar to a written discourse, i.e., a more scientific text. Finally, the paper concludes that the language of discussion forums depends on the very context in which communication takes place.

Defensive Medicine as a Tool against the Malpractice Issues

Background: Defensive medicine is the requesting for procedures, tests, referral and /or avoidance of high-risk patients with the aim that to minimize the malpractice liability. These tests or measures are done mainly as a safeguard and not for the benefit of patients. OTA (The Office of Technology Assessment) described the procedures done to the patients as they ordered to minimize the risk of malpractice and so not all action of defensive medicine are bad to patients. Defensive medicine can take either positive or negative forms, depending on the direction of deviation from typical practice. Negative DM involves withholding or avoiding high-risk treatments and diagnostic tests to avoid possible associated risks and poor outcomes that might lead to a malpractice suit. Conversely, positive type of DM is characterized by the do excessive, unnecessary diagnostic tests and interventions to decrease risk of being found negligent. The practice of defensive medicine DM is a significant financial burden on health care systems. In Egypt, Defensive medicine creeping rapidly, this may be due to the fear of doctors from being accused of malpractice, inflicting harm to the patient for not doing enough or decrease the patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Defensive medicine is a deviation from the ethical medicine but when discussing the DM, we should take in mind the concerns of doctors about the legal issues and their harm being in court due to their efforts with the patients, so in doctors view it is the only action to minimize the risk of malpractice issues, or in another words it is fear from patient dissatisfaction.

THE USE OF DEFECTIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH ESSAYS BY THE STUDENTS OF LEVEL III OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DOBA IN CHAD, ACADEMIC SESSION 2022-2023

This paper investigated the use of defective verbs. The data were collected by the means of written continuous assessment administered to one hundred and fifty EFL learners of English Department of the University of Doba. They were analyzed through Corder’s (1967) Error Analysis (EA) approach. The results of this study revealed that those students encountered a lot of difficulties in using defective verbs in their essays. Five types of errors have been identified. These include the insertion of complete infinitive after defective verbs, the adding of ‘-ed’ at the end of defective verbs, the use of preterit after defective verbs, the adding of ‘s’ at the end of defective verbs and the use of ‘do’ with defective verbs in negative form and interrogative form. The analysis indicated that 37.81% of error regarded the insertion of complete infinitive after defective verbs, 18.48% concerned the adding of ‘-ed’ at the end of defective verbs, 17.64% concerned the use of preterit after defective verbs, 15.96% concerned the adding of ‘s’ at the end of defective verbs and 10.08% regarded the use of ‘do’ with defective verbs. These errors are influenced by the phenomenon of overgeneralization of English grammatical rules on the one hand and the lack of mastery of the use of defective verbs on the other hand.

The Subjectivity of the Verb “至于”

In modern Chinese, the verb “至于” (zhì yú) exhibits prominent subjective language characteristics. Apart from indicating degree, the verb differs semantically from other words in the semantic field of “degree” by emphasizing unexpected outcomes from a subjective point of view. The subjectivity of the speaker’s perspective, emotions and expressions of “I think” and attitudes of disapproval towards the other’s behavior are conveyed. The subjectivity of the selection of sentence structure, such as hypothetical sentences, interrogative sentences and negative sentences is also observed. Furthermore, the subjectivity of the combination with modal particles is shown, where affirmative forms are often paired with the particle “吗” (ma), while negative forms are paired with the particle “吧” (ba). The subjective attitudes of behavior states are also expressed, with behavior state words exhibiting attitudes of “要” or “不要” from a subjective point of view.

Quantization Conditions, for a Wormhole Wave Function Revisited, as to How a Wormhole Throat Could Generate GW and Gravitons: Simple Version of Negative Energy Form Wormhole Obtained from First Principles, and Comparison with Tokamak GW/Gravitons Done

We revisit how we utilized how Weber in 1961 initiated the process of quantization of early universe fields to the issue of what was for a wormhole mouth. While the wormhole models are well understood, there is not such a consensus as to how the mouth of a wormhole could generate signals. We try to develop a model for doing so and then revisit it, the Wormhole while considering a Tokamak model we used in a different publication as a way of generating GW, and Gravitons.

Сравнительный анализ форм отрицания в прагматическом аспекте (на материале языковых личностей доктора Быкова и доктора Хауса из сериалов «Интерны» и House, M. D.)

The article highlights the results of a comparative analysis of the linguistic forms of negation in the pragmatic aspect of two similar linguistic personalities working in the same field of activity, but brought up in a different national and cultural environment. The analysis was aimed at identifying integral and differential features within fragments of national worldviews that determine the speech behaviour of these linguistic personalities. Comparative pragmasemantic analysis of dialogic units containing negations allowed reconstructind fragments of consciousness images of representatives of different linguistic cultures, identifying specific features of the motivational and axiological system. Particular attention was paid to identifying the pragmatic goals of denial, describing the speaker’s emotional background accompanying these forms, determining the leading type of determination and the activated rating scale when choosing the tactics of denial.

Репрезентация метакоммуникативной побудительной ситуации иллокутивным глаголом с отрицанием

The aim of the study is to determine which metacommunicative imperative utterances with an illocutionary verb with negation can be used to present a metacommunicative imperative situation. The paper focuses on metacommunicative imperative utterances in which illocutionary verbs in the negative form play a special role. At the same time, it does not matter whether the specificity of performativity is preserved in the implementation of a speech action, it is only the negation of one type of influence that is carried out by verbs nominating the intention that is important. The study is novel in that it is the first to consider and describe the representation of the use of illocutionary verbs with negation in various types of metacommunicative imperative situations: directive, commissive and preventive. No one has previously conducted such a study. As a result, the author has determined that initiating utterances containing a combination of a verb of speech action with negation in most cases can be attributed to implicit metacommunicative imperative utterances that actualise the goal of the correct perception of the speaker’s intention by the addressee. In addition, it has been found that there are no utterances with the negation of preventive speech actions: warnings and cautions.

Ženski princip u Ženi od slonove kosti Ive Andrića

In The Ivory Woman, Andrić uses dreams to thematize his protagonist's key problem, that is, one important aspect of relationships between men and women, along with signals of generalization (the protagonist's namelessness, the absence of specification of his social standing and duties) that are present in the story. The transformation that the ivory figurine experiences, by becoming a woman of flesh and blood in the protagonist's dream, is given in the framework of all the elements that are, according to C. G. Jung, essential for understanding the dreamer's unconscious experience: his life situation, current state of mind, and his interpretation of his own experience, so we also interpreted this transformation in this context. This is a meaningful, nightmarish dream, in which the protagonist meets an archetypal figure, the anima, his inner woman, who has in fact enshrouded his entire inner space. The protagonist's possessedness by the anima is mirrored in his quickly-changing moods, in the ill will that dominates his life, in the manner that he tells his story, as well as in the fact that his objectivity had been lost in the sea of irrationality. The fantastic narrative, which we interpreted as the protagonist's escape from facing himself, is based on the motif of the demonic woman, which is one of the typical negative forms of the anima. The dream confronts the protagonist with what he doesn't know about himself: he is the one sabotaging his emotional relationships.

Cultural Encounter, Race, and a Humanist Ideology of Empire in the Art of Trecento Venice

Cultural Encounter, Race, and a Humanist Ideology of Empire in the Art of Trecento Venice

Impact of Despotic Leadership on Project Success in the Software Development Projects: Mediating role of Self-Efficacy and Job Autonomy

Despotic leadership in the form of abusive supervision is a negative form of leadership that badly affects the project's success and organizational goals. This study aims at measuring the impact of despotic leadership on project success through the mediation of Self-Efficacy and Job Autonomy. Data was collected from Software Development Projects of Punjab from the 212 professionals working in software development projects. The data analysis was performed through SmartPLS 3.3. The current study's findings showed that despotic leadership negatively affects project success. Findings also reveal that due to despotic behavior of the leader, employees lose their interest in their tasks which results in decreased self-efficacy and job autonomy that adversely affects the project success. This research work underwrites to the literature on Self-efficacy and Job Autonomy by revealing the relationship between Despotic leadership and Project Success. The results of this study show that the relationship amongst despotic leadership and project success is mediated by self-efficacy and job autonomy.

러시아어 "여격-동사원형" 구문(Dative-Infinitive-Constructions, DIC)에 나타나는 존재문(Existentials) 연구

This research examines the overall characteristics of the existential structures expressed by Dative+Infinitive Constructions (henceforth, DIC) including the compound negated form of ‘NÉ-+[Wh]-word+VINFINITIVE

Role of neuronal and non-neuronal acetylcholine signaling in Drosophila humoral immunity

Acetylcholine (ACh) is one the major neurotransmitters in insects, whose role in mediating synaptic interactions between neurons in the central nervous system is well characterized. It also plays largely unexplored regulatory functions in non-neuronal tissues. Here we demonstrate that ACh signaling is involved in the modulation of the innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. Knockdown of ACh synthesis or ACh vesicular transport in neurons reduced the activation of drosomycin (drs), a gene encoding an antimicrobial peptide, in adult flies infected with a Gram-positive bacterium. drs transcription was similarly affected in Drosophila α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChRalpha7 (Dα7) mutants, as well as in flies expressing in the nervous system a dominant negative form (Dα7DN) of this specific receptor subunit. Interestingly, Dα7DN elicited a comparable response when it was expressed in non-neuronal tissues and even when it was specifically produced in the hemocytes. Consistently, full activation of the drs gene required Dα7 expression in these cells. Moreover, knockdown of ACh synthesis in non-neuronal cells affected drs expression. Overall, these findings uncover neural and non-neural cholinergic signals that modulate insect immune defenses and shed light on the role of hemocytes in the regulation of the humoral immune response.

HILL MARI SUFFIX -RAK: COMPARATIVE AND ATTENUATIVE CONTEXTS

The article analyzes the use of the Hill Mari suffix - rak (- räk ). First of all, this suffix functions as a degree marker of an adjective or an adverb in comparative constructions. Secondly, it may indicate that an individual has some property not to a full degree, i.e. jasə̑ ‘ill’ and jasə̑ - rak (ill-cmpr) ‘somewhat ill’. Apart from adjectives, suffix - rak may combine with verbs, mainly with negative forms. In this case, the form with - rak means that the new state has not been reached yet. In some idiolects - rak may also combine with positive verb forms in the attenuative meaning. The article investigates restrictions on the compatibility of the suffix - rak in the attenuative meaning. This meaning is only possible with adjectives of closed scales, i.e. having a fixed maximal or minimal limit (for example, nužda ‘poor’). Combining with adjectives of open scales (for example, kužə̑ ‘long’) - rak indicates a slight excess of a property compared to some standard, which may be known from the context. Moreover, the article discusses the use of - rak with verbs. Our analysis is based on the actional interpretation of verbs. We consider positive and negative forms separately. The suffix - rak combines with negative forms of verbs that are interpreted as entry-into-a-state (ES). The attenuative meaning of - rak with positive verbal forms is allowed by some speakers in combination with some verbs of stative, punctual, and strong telic classes.

TINDAK TUTUR DAN VARIASI BAHASA DALAM FILM WADJDA SEBUAH ANALISIS SOSIOPRAGMATIK

The objectives of this research are; (1) To find out the directive speech acts used in the Wadjda film; (2) To find out the atmosphere of use, the means of use, who the speakers/users are, the field of use, and the area of ​​use as language variations related to the stigma of Arab ethnicity in the Wadjda film. This research is qualitative research, the research design is in the form of a literature study, the data collection technique is a free-talk-free listening technique, the research instrument uses data cards and data recapitulation sheets, while the data analysis method uses an informal presentation method. In this study, 237 directive speech act data were found which were divided into 55 forms of order; 86 forms of rule; 11 forms of ruling in negation form; 44 forms of advising; 19 forms of pleading; and 22 forms of recommending. The language variation that is highlighted in this study is the variation in terms of female speakers because this film is set in the social background of women's lives in Saudi Arabia. &#x0D; &#x0D;

A deleterious Sar1c variant in rice inhibits export of seed storage proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

We identified a dosage-dependent dominant negative form of Sar1c, which confirms the essential role of COPII system in mediating ER export of storage proteins in rice endosperm. Higher plants accumlate large amounts of seed storage proteins (SSPs). However, mechanisms underlying SSP trafficking are largely unknown, especially the ER-Golgi anterograde process. Here, we showed that a rice glutelin precursor accumulation13 (gpa13) mutant exhibited floury endosperm and overaccumulated glutelin precursors, which phenocopied the reported RNAi-Sar1abc line. Molecular cloning revealed that the gpa13 allele encodes a mutated Sar1c (mSar1c) with a deletion of two conserved amino acids Pro134 and Try135. Knockdown or knockout of Sar1c alone caused no obvious phenotype, while overexpression of mSar1c resulted in seedling lethality similar to the gpa13 mutant. Transient expression experiment in tobacco combined with subcellular fractionation experiment in gpa13 demonstrated that the expression of mSar1c affects the subcellular distribution of all Sar1 isoforms and Sec23c. In addition, mSar1c failed to interact with COPII component Sec23. Conversely, mSar1c competed with Sar1a/b/d to interact with guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec12. Together, we identified a dosage-dependent dominant negative form of Sar1c, which confirms the essential role of COPII system in mediating ER export of storage proteins in rice endosperm.

Lirica Blagiană – (Re)Lecturi Cantitative. Negația

Abstract This paper is aiming to analyze the occurence and some functional and pragmatic aspects of the types of negation in all Lucian Blaga’s volumes of poetry. By using a quantitative approach, we have proved the stylistic effect of negation in his poetry and the importance of the negation with positive connotations in his verse. Beginning with the verbal negation, this paper goes through all the other types of it acoording to Rodica Zafiu’s classification: the negation of constituent, the expletive negation, the pro-sentence and the restrictions with a negative form.