Forms Of Injustice Research Articles

Konflik Norma Penolakan Euthanasia di Indonesia

Problems in the Human Rights Law which only regulate the right to life and not the right to die. If interpreted broadly, the logic is that if the right to live exists, then the right to die must also exist. If the state legalizes forced deprivation of life by law, then the government should also regulate the legalization of death by its own will in the law. This study aims to examine how the basic considerations of judges in rejecting the Application for Injection of Death or Euthanasia in the Decision of the Banda Aceh District Court are viewed from the perspective of human rights and how the rejection of the Application for Injection of Death or Euthanasia in the Decision of the Banda Aceh District Court is viewed from the perspective of the values of justice . The method used in this study is normative juridical with the following results; The rejection of the application for lethal injection or euthanasia in the Berlin Silalahi case for researchers is a form of injustice and violates the purpose of making the law itself. Whereas euthanasia can be considered as a way to uphold the 'Right to live' by respecting the 'Right to die' with dignity. Furthermore, the application of the practice of euthanasia in Indonesia is actually possible to implement and can bring human rights supremacy in Indonesia closer. The supremacy of human rights here is interpreted to cover human rights as a whole which previously had not been included in positive law so that they could be contained in positive law in Indonesia.

In the Company of Specters: Forging Communal Unities in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness

This paper explores spectral characters marginalised on the basis of their social, religious, gender and ethnic labels in modern-day India, as depicted in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Using Jacques Derrida’s concept of hauntology, taken in terms of the fear of the original event repeating itself somewhere in the future as a specter, which in turn functions as a reminder of the responsibility that humanity has to resist different forms of injustices that surround us, I have analysed how Roy’s spectral characters, that is, characters who are out of place and linger across rigidly defined social categories, learn to forge unities amidst the communal divides of contemporary India under the wave of Hindutva. In the growing social fanaticism targeting different communities such as Dalits, Hijras and Muslims, spectral characters such as Musa, Saddam, Anjum and Tilo provide an alternative social consciousness against the backdrop of their chaotic socio-political environment which is a timely requirement in present-day India. Moreover, I have also inferred that the spectral landscapes in the novel, like the Khwabgah, Kashmir and the mall, remind the readers that the history of violence and injustice cannot be wiped away by reconstructing or destroying a physical space; they continue to haunt their surroundings both in the present and the future.
 Keywords: Hauntology, specters, landscape, alternative consciousness, India

A deliberative framework to assess the justifiability of strike action in healthcare.

Healthcare strikes have been a remarkably common and varied phenomenon. Strikes have taken a number of forms, lasting from days to months, involving a range of different staff and impacting a range of healthcare systems, structured and resourced vastly differently. While there has been much debate about strike action, this appears to have done little to resolve the often polarising debate that surrounds such action. Building on the existing normative literature and a recent synthesis of the empirical literature, this paper will present a deliberative framework to assess the justifiability of strike action. I will first review the empirical literature that explores the impact of strike action, on patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. I will then discuss the debates that have occurred in this area, including an existing deliberative framework proposed by Selemogo (2014). I will argue that this framework is overly restrictive in that it could lead us to find otherwise justified strike action, unjust. I will then propose a framework that remedies these shortcomings. The framework outlines two broad conditions that should be met if strike action is to be justified. It then goes on to outline two deliberative, interrelated questions that should be used to assess whether strike action meets these conditions. For the purposes of this framework, healthcare strike action is justified when 1) it makes demands or raises grievances about some form of injustice, unfairness or threat to health and when 2) the risks in striking are proportionate to its demands or grievances. These two conditions should be considered in light of two further questions, namely, the 3) social and political context of the strike and 4) the characteristics of the strike. I will offer some further reflections on the application of this framework and its shortcomings.

Constructing State Law amid Local Laws: A Shift in the Paradigm of Legal Transformation

Objective: Constructing state law amid local laws is a new phenomenon; the challenge is creating a free-problem situation when the two systems meet. It seems impossible for the two to be allies and support each other. When they do meet, their relationship is just a compromise. The research object is a shift in the paradigm of law transformation related to constructing state law amid local law. Method: We employed a juridical normative with different treatments where the law is not the foundation but the theories, concepts, norms, and beliefs of scholars based on the orientation of the analysis objects. Results: Findings confirm that state law (positive law or law) is designed following the legism or positivism paradigm or belief. As such, legal transformation in its embodiment is oriented towards legal unity (positive law-state law). Hence, norms or values that do not originate from authorized lawmakers are undesirable to achieve a single uniform model (one legal model for all). In turn, the attempt to privilege the ideal law as the only law that is appropriate and valid and which is believed to be able to be the answer to every problem has yet to be fulfilled. Undoubtedly, state law, declared exclusive, is not only not objective, but becomes weak. The result is the rejection of community values as a strengthening substance, failing to meet expectations. Finally, the people consider state law a disturbance to the peace of life and a form of injustice and burden. Its presence does not create unity and collaboration that strengthens and supports one another but raises enmity. Conclusion: The construction of state law amid local law always refers to legal positivism, which positions the singleness of law in a positive (formal) form of law. State law is seen as the only law recognized as valid because it originates from the state, while another law is not recognized. With this standard trend (perspective), a paradigm shift in the construction of state law occurs so that when legal transformation or legal change occurs, society experiences a shock of new values

Contempt in Seneca's Dialogue “On the Firmness of the Wise”

For Seneca, the firmness of the Wise is shown in his ability to remain calm against attacks, as he explains in his treatise of that name. Attacks can come in the form of injustice, iniuria, and disparagement, contumelia; Seneca proves that neither of them affects the wise man. Contumelia is linked to contemptus in definition and conceptualization so that the remarks on how to deal with disparagement contain clues as to what contemptus means for Seneca. The article argues that Seneca understands the term in a double sense: First, contemptus denotes a reprehensible attitude. Second, it designates a kind of indifference which is to be understood in the context of Stoic apatheia.

INDONESIAN INHERITANCE SYSTEM BASED ON ISLAMIC LAW, CIVIL CODE, MATRILINEAL CUSTOMS, AND GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVES

In this article, the author discussed the inheritance system in Indonesia. The inheritance distribution system in Indonesia is based on Islamic law, civil code, and customary law. On the other hand, gender equality activists have their perspectives regarding the justice of the distribution system based on the proportion received by men and women. Based on the discussion, it was known that there are similarities and differences among Indonesian inheritance distribution systems. Each of the systems regulates that the testator must die and the main heirs are blood-related to the decedent. In Islam law, men receive more than a woman with a ratio of 2:1 due to men’s responsibility to their family. Meanwhile, the proportion between men and women regulated by the Indonesian civil code is equal. In Minangkabau matrilineal customary law, as a system based on the mother's lineage, the proportion of inheritance is distinguished between high inheritance and low inheritance. The high inheritance will be given to the woman and the low inheritance will be shared equally between men and women. However, some gender equality activists might see those proportions as a form of injustice. But, each of the systems has its perspective regarding justice.

Mechanism of Resistance to British Imperialism in the Literature of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Literature has always been an effective medium of presentation. Whenever the groaning sound of people with the increasing tyranny of colonial rule raised high, literature played a pivotal role to draw it in a pragmatically artistic touch. The Bidrohi Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam, National Poet of Bangladesh, made a unique place in the journey of Bengali literature resistance of the early twentieth century. He inextricably applied diverse literary genres and thematic mechanisms of resistance in his literature which undoubtedly bore the motive-inciting words of love and fire against any form of injustice whether of British Empire or societal customs and continued the thread of awakening in the Bengal Renaissance. The Rebel Poet was the figurehead of the allied Hindu-Muslim struggle of undivided India against the imperialistic British rule. However, miserably the discourse on Nazrul Resistance Literature is limited only in Bengali corridors with mere poetic contributions. With this viewpoint, the research delves into exploring the dimensional works of the poet and tries to establish him as a versatile writer of prose and poetry. In addition, the work makes a sincere effort to elucidate various thematic decorations of his literary outcomes and their universal acceptability. Ultimately, Nazrul Studies are yet to be expounded further ahead to bring out more research works on this Bengali poet of love and resistance overlooking the cross-country borders.

Earth System at Risk: Challenging Environmental (In)Justice

Earth System at Risk: Challenging Environmental (In)Justice

Kritik Asghar Ali Engineer Terhadap Teologi Islam Klasik

The purpose of this paper is to find out Asghar Ali Engineer's thoughts on Islamic theology. This research is an analysis of the texts obtained through a qualitative study process, the primary data in this study are the writings of Asghar Ali Engineer and the secondary data in the form of writings that support Islamic theological thinking. The result of this research is Asghar Ali Engineer wants to emphasize the liberation of the oppressed who are not bound by theology and reject the existence of oppression, persecution, and human exploitation by humans. Asghar Ali Engineer wants three practical framework concepts in his liberation theology, namely: First, the concept of monotheism, which not only refers to the oneness of God, but also to the unity of mankind. Second, the concept of faith is not only interpreted as a matter of believing in God, but people who believe must be trustworthy, strive to create peace and order that are serious about creating a just and prosperous society, and believe in values. about the good in life. Third, the concept of jihad which is defined as a dynamic and consistent struggle to eliminate exploitation, corruption, and various forms of injustice

A merely national ‘universal’ basic income and global justice

A merely national ‘universal’ basic income and global justice

Abstract P576: Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Among Cancer Survivors in the United States: A Systematic Review

Significance: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the US; and cancer survivors are at increased risk for CVD. The risk for adverse CVD outcomes is not equitably distributed. Disparities exist; and some groups and/or communities that have been targeted for marginalization are more affected. Objective: To document known disparities in CVD outcomes among cancer survivors in the US and identify literature gaps to inform future studies. Methods: We used the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) guidelines and searched three databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus on March 15 th , 2021. With a pre-defined PICOS framework, we used rayyan for articles screening and the PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. RAW Graphs were used to create alluvial charts. This review is registered with PROSPERO, ID # CRD42021236460. Results & Discussion: From 6,000 articles retrieved, 13 articles met our pre-defined inclusion criteria. All studies investigated racial and ethnic disparities. Gender, age at diagnosis, and cancer stage at diagnosis, and sensitivity C-reactive protein disparities were respectively investigated by one study. The most prevalent outcome investigated is CVD mortality, followed by CVD risk, CVD event, hypertension, and cardiotoxicity. Non-Hispanic Black survivors are at increased risk for all outcomes investigated which might suggest root causes of disparities into historical and structural racism. Conclusions & Implications: (1) Policy implication: There is an urgent need for stakeholders to work to eliminate root causes of disparities and all forms of injustice, by removing all systemic barriers that limit individuals’ access to essential resources needed to maintain health. (2) Clinical implication: Clinicians should increase screening for risk factors that exacerbate poor CVD outcomes. (3) Research implication: Researchers should enhance community partnerships and broaden their focus in investigating innovative approaches to reduce disparities and advance health equity and justice. Keywords: Disparities, cancer survivors, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cardio-oncology, racism, discrimination.

Epistemological Allyship

Discussions about decolonising psychology now abound. A key perspective from which these commentaries have been written relates to a confrontation of the gatekeepers in global psychology. While this approach is valuable to end epistemological violence and other forms of injustice, it also ends up alienating influential scholars in hegemonic psychology who can magnify the impact of the decolonisation effort. In this article, I borrow from the anti-racism literature the concept of allyship to put forward a new concept of epistemological allyship (EA). I position EA to invite, but not to demand, support from and to provide guidance to gatekeepers who truly wish to support the decolonisation efforts. However, unlike the past experiences with ending slavery in which Black people were portrayed to or required to beg for freedom, this concept of EA is not to be understood in this light. Rather it should be understood to imply that while academics from the majority of the world (AMWs) are fighting their own epistemological battles, any helpful support is and should be welcome.

Perceived injustice and brand love: the effectiveness of sympathetic vs empathetic responses to address consumer complaints of unjust specific service encounters

PurposeNegative online consumer reviews represent different forms of injustice. The effect of different types of injustice experienced in a service encounter on a brand is unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect and cause of different forms of injustice on brand love. It also explores which type of responses are more effective to mitigate their damaging effect.Design/methodology/approachOne text mining, using SAS enterprise miner, and three experimental studies were conducted. ANOVA and mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsNegative reviews specific to procedural injustice are more damaging than reviews specific to distributive or interactional injustice experienced in a service encounter. The underlying reason behind this differential effect is that perceived procedural injustice influences consumers more to punish the brand, resulting in a greater negative effect on brand love. To counter the damage, a sympathetic, rather than empathetic, brand response is more effective.Originality/valueThis study contributes to justice theory and brand love literature by providing evidence that procedural injustice triggers the highest level of willingness to punish and thus the lowest level of brand love. Consequently, willingness to punish, rather than emotion, is found to be the underlying reason behind procedural injustice having the strongest negative effect on brand love.

A Conversation with … Cecilia Aragon PhD, Champion Aerobatic Pilot, on Grace Under Pressure.

A Conversation with … Cecilia Aragon PhD, Champion Aerobatic Pilot, on Grace Under Pressure.

Editorial Issue 2/2022: The Heritage of Water-Related Infrastructures and Governance

Editorial Issue 2/2022: The Heritage of Water-Related Infrastructures and Governance

Gender equality reform and police organizations: A social justice approach

AbstractAttention to gender equality in paramilitary organizations such as policing has increased in recent times following numerous reports identifying high levels of sex discrimination, sexual harassment, and predatory behavior. It is well recognized that gender inequality will not be addressed without transforming the hierarchical and masculinized cultures of policing organizations. Less well recognized is the significance of situating and aligning gender equality reforms within a broader focus on organizational justice. This article illustrates this significance through reviewing key literature in the space of gender equality and policing and organizational justice and policing. It examines the ways in which gender equality reform has been approached in policing organizations with the aim of highlighting the possibilities and problematics of female‐focused approaches and broader social justice approaches. The article's contribution is theoretical. It utilizes the social justice theorizing of Nancy Fraser to enrich insights from the organizational justice, gender equality, and policing literature to articulate a productive and comprehensive approach to addressing gender and other forms of injustice within policing organizations.

Why didn't you scream? Epistemic injustices of sexism, misogyny and rape myths

Abstract In this paper, I discuss rape myths and mythologies, their negative effects on rape and sexual assault complainants, and how they prejudicially construct women qua women. The backdrop for the analysis is the Belfast Rugby Rape Trial, which took place in 2018. Four men, two of whom were well-known rugby players, were acquitted of rape and sexual assault in a nine-week criminal trial that dominated local, national and international attention. The acquittal resulted in ‘I Believe Her’ rallies and protests across Northern Ireland. Of concern were the deeply sexist and misogynistic text exchanges among the acquitted about the complainant and women more generally. One month after the trial, the Criminal Justice Board of Northern Ireland commissioned an independent review of the arrangements to deliver justice in cases of serious sexual offences. The Gillen Review proposed 16 key recommendations, among them measures to dispel rape myths and the role that Relationship and Sex Education in schools could play in combatting these myths. I will explore these issues using Miranda Fricker's construction of epistemic injustice. I argue that there is little appreciation of the profound impact that routine testimonial injustice—where the credibility of a speaker is deflated or undermined on account of her social identity—can have on the wellbeing of speakers and how it ramifies with other forms of injustice. To illustrate, I draw on neurological explanations to show why attributions of sexual consent are unjustly sustained in cases of rape and sexual assault.

A Relational Conception of Justice: The Theory of Recognition and Moral Injury -Proposals for a Practical Evaluative Framework-

Primarily developed within political philosophy, comprehensive theories of justice are often considered abstract and transcendental for sociological, political, or economic applications and thus, often require further conceptual and analytical clarifications. This need is apparent in recognition theory, a contemporary theory of justice pioneered by Axel Honneth. In it, he underlines the importance of recognition in intersubjective and mutual relations with significant others, legal institutions, and wider society, the denial of which leads to particular forms of injustice, conceptualised as moral injuries. To overcome the functional weakness inherent in recognition theory’s relatively abstract nature, this article clarifies the distinction between its “space” and “object” of evaluation to advance its practical usefulness in assessing disadvantage. In doing so, it first examines the theory of recognition as well as the concept of moral injury and addresses issues researchers and practitioners need to be attentive to concerning the categorisation of the good, the promise of recognition, and the pressing problem of unwarranted claims. Having taken these clusters of concerns into account, this article identifies (1) deformative identity formation, (2) invisibilisation, and (3) stigmatization as morally injurious acts and proposes three dimensions of evaluation, namely physical integrity, moral accountability, and personal autonomy, upon which certain forms of injustices that disadvantaged individuals or groups experience can be assessed within the normative framework of the theory of recognition.

Performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) at the Population and Civil Registry Office of Supiori Regency

This study aims to describe and analyze the performance of the State Civil Apparatus at the Population and Civil Registration Service of Supiori Regency. This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. With data analysis techniques through observation (observation), in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews), documentation (documentation), and literature studies which include the Performance of the State Civil Apparatus in improving public services at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Supiori Regency. Analysis of the Performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) at the Population and Civil Registry Office of Supiori Regency shows that the performance of employees at the Population and Civil Registration Service has not been good and optimal and really needs to be improved, especially on indicators of timeliness, quality and quantity of services. On the indicator of timeliness which is the focus of the problem in the performance of the employees of the Population and Civil Registration Office in Supiori Regency, the level of discipline of employees is still low in completing their duties. In terms of service quality, it needs to be improved because there is still a lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure, especially existing device technology and there are still public complaints in terms of inadequate service places, in terms of service quantity measured by the level of community satisfaction receiving services is still low and needs to be improved, In addition, the leadership of the Population and Civil Registration Service employees needs to be improved in order to improve the performance of the existing ASN. Factors that affect the performance of ASN in the Population and Civil Registration Service in the Supiori Regency in public services are the productivity of services carried out by employees is very influential on employee performance and it needs to be improved. significant in accordance with applicable regulations. From Responsibility, it still needs to be improved and improved, this greatly affects the performance assessment to measure the level of satisfaction of the community being served, while judging by Accountability, it can be seen that there are still differences in attitudes shown by employees in providing services, where these differences are a form of injustice in providing services to the community, both That's the difference in.

Ethics in Practice and Ethnography: Faux pas During Fieldwork with Structurally Vulnerable Groups

Ethical issues are an essential part of research and need to be considered throughout the process and in its aftermath, especially when including vulnerable groups. This Field Notes revisits some ethical tensions that emerged during fieldwork with a ‘vulnerable population’—a group of waste-pickers and their families—and links these to specific avenues for further thinking within ethical frameworks. I reflect on mistakes, omissions, and blunders committed over 5 years working with this social group affected by many different forms of injustices, part of my 25 years of wider research into social inequalities and health disparities within marginalised communities. I remark upon three emerging ethical tensions relating to: the exclusion of certain narratives; the layers of vulnerabilities and danger of harm; and the risk of stereotyping vulnerable groups. I conclude that, more than just considering ethical issues within the context of our own work as researchers on moral solipsism, decisions in applied ethics must be integrated into broader models that offer a connected rationale for the infinite situations that can emerge from research. Alternative ethical models—such as anti-racist, feminist, communitarian, and transformative approaches—provide chances for collective decision making and promote social justice, equity, and democracy.