Form Of Greeting Research Articles

The Power of Small Talk Discourse as Mitigating Conflict in Different Religious Communities in Ntaram

Objective: This research analyzes explicitly the tiny talk (fatik) discourse used by the Ntaram (Manggarai) Flores community as a verbal force to mitigate conflict in plural communities (different religions) in Ntaram, Manggarai-Flores. Method: This research chooses qualitative (interpretive) because the data collected and analyzed is in words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with informants, which were determined purposively. In addition, the observation method is used to observe the daily communication of the plural community in Ntaram. Data were validated through (1) data source triangulation and method triangulation. (2) Checking validity through Focus Group Discussions involving key sources. Results and Discussion: Small talk (fatik) in communicating between people of different religions in Ntaram: (1) Small talk in the form of greetings. Ntaram people call "ite" which means we (first person plural personal pronoun). The word addresses the speech partner (second person personal pronoun). (2) Small talk in the context of greetings, such as nia ngaok, which means "noisy." These pleasantries explain sociologically that the social behavior of the Ntaram people is cheerful and happy to accept anyone. (3) Typical terms of respect related to religion are ata sili mai wae and ata le mai tana golo. Ata silimai wae means people who come from the coast or riverbanks. (4) Ethics of Interrupting Conversations. Ntaram people have small talk about interrupting conversations ethically through small talk such as eta ulu keta ite and no ramping dite. Eta ulu keta means that I uphold your opinion above my head. These four types of pleasantries are most productively used in the context of building brotherhood amidst religious and ethnic differences in Ntaram. Recommendations: The research findings recommend that (1) it is necessary to revitalize the small talk discourse in Ntaram in the form of content taught in schools. Thus, endemic inheritance is carried out well. (2) further research is needed regarding the antecedent factors that influence the harmony of multiethnic society in Ntaram. (3) Research in other areas must reveal how multicultural societies mitigate social conflict through small talk.

Menggali Kekayaan Linguistik: Variasi Penyapaan dalam Interaksi Verbal Siswa Menengah Pertama

This research aims to discuss the greeting patterns of the Indonesian language used by junior high school students at Unismuh Makassar. The data in this study consists of the oral utterances of Unismuh Makassar junior high school students that contain greetings or various forms of greetings spoken by the speaker. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative. The primary data is information obtained directly through observation of student conversations and interviews related to the required data, consisting of 10 questions. Meanwhile, the secondary data is information obtained from other sources regarding the junior high school students of Unismuh Makassar. The observation method technique is used in this research. The results of this study are as follows: (1) At Unismuh Makassar Junior High School, students' multilingual verbal interactions reflect a combination of Makassar and Indonesian languages. Students use greetings such as "mauka," "kakak," "adik," "Ibu," and "Bapak," as well as informal greetings like "Cika," "Beb," "Eh," and "Weh." These greetings indicate a variety of contexts, from formal forms that show respect to informal ones that indicate closeness. (2) Unismuh Makassar junior high school students demonstrate the integration of Indonesian and Makassar languages in their greeting patterns. They combine both languages, such as using "mauko" when meeting friends. In formal situations, like interacting with teachers, students use the Makassar language as a form of respect. This reaffirms the role of both in students' daily communication.

Social Caring Behavior of Elementary School Students in Interacting with Peers

Childhood has an important role in human growth and development. For many people, character education is applied in the family, school, and community environment as an effort to instill positive character values in children, one of which is social care. This positive character emphasizes sympathy and empathy for those who need help. Instilling social care can be carried out by parents, teachers, and the community. Consequently, children interact daily with their peers as individuals and social beings. Children's interaction behavior is also influenced by the emotional and cognitive aspects that influence social care behavior in the form of attitudes and speech. Various symptoms in interacting with peers give rise to feelings of sympathy or antipathy towards appropriate and inappropriate behavior in the environment where children interact with peers, especially in the school environment. This study aims to describe the results of character analysis of social care behavior through descriptive qualitative methods with students at Panyileukan Elementary School, Kacapiring Elementary School, and Bhakti Nusantara Elementary School in Bandung. Forms of social care for children appear in the form of words, attitudes, and actions. Social concern in the form of greetings: asking about the condition/condition of friends, comforting friends who are feeling sad or in trouble, providing moral support to friends who are facing problems, and reprimanding/advising friends when friends make mistakes. Students' social concern is in the form of not being able to stay silent and not being able to accept a symptom that appears not in accordance with human and social norms. Actions carried out by students as a form of social care are providing assistance, protection, and mediating in times of conflict.

Viewpoints and Perspectives of Batak Migrants on Dalihan Na Tolu: The Exposition Revition

The philosophy of life of the Batak tribe, namely Dalihan Na Tolu, is believed to be able to maintain order in the social life of the Batak community and family. Dalihan Na Tolu determines the form of greeting, position and attitude that applies in traditional ceremonies and daily life. Amid the rapid current flow of globalization, there are fears that the local wisdom of traditional culture, including the philosophy of life that has been believed for a long time, will erode, especially among families living in metropolitan cities whose infiltration or infiltration. The mixing of cultures is very dynamic and robust. This research was conducted to reveal how the Batak community in the metropolitan city perceives the values of Dalihan Na Tolu. The study shows that among the Batak settlers in Jakarta, the value of Dalihan Na Tolu is still highly understood, accepted, and appreciated, even though the breadth of knowledge and depth of meaning is different. Some factors that influence these differences include sub-ethnic origin, profession, the intensity of the Batak community association, and position in the family. The study's results also concluded that the childhood environment had a significant effect on the internalization of cultural values.

Forms of Greetings in Georgian and English Languages

AbstractIn this paper I identify similarities and differences between forms and functioning of phatic greetings in terms of nominative andcommunicative meaning in two unrelated languages - Georgian and English on the empirical material of 20th and 21st century Georgian and English literature. By using descriptive, contrastive, qualitative research methods in synchronous aspect we got very interesting result which shows that Georgian and English languages have the same amount of forms of phatic greeting; they are absolutely similar in communicative meaning and only some forms differ in nominative meaning. One obvious example is a main word Hello, with which the Englishman wishes health, a whole life to a listener, while Georgians wish their communicators victory with a main greeting phrase გამარჯობა (gamarjoba). Most kinds of forms of phatic greetings in both languages apply to positive politeness strategies.

Language, Literature, and Cultural Codes in the Puya Ke Puya Novel by Faisal Oddang: A Study of Semiotics

This study aims to examine the form of language code, literary code, cultural code in the novel Puya Ke Puya by Faisal Oddang as teaching materials for prose fiction literature study programs in universities. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques are documentation with reading and listening techniques, and recording techniques. Data analysis was carried out through several stages, namely data identification, data classification, description, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the language codes used in the Puya Ke Puya novel were the use of regional languages in the form of greetings, kinship elements, everyday vocabulary and the use of foreign languages, literary codes depicted in words with connotations and figurative meanings, cultural codes in the novels concerned the system. The culture that exists among the Toraja people such as social organization systems, living equipment systems and technology, and religious systems.

THE KINSHIP GREETING OF THE SUSUPU COMMUNITY IN WEST HALMAHERA REGENCY

This study aimed to describe many greetings forms found in Susupu community. The research method applied in this study was a descriptive qualitative method, because this study described data by words not numbers. This research was conducted in Susupu village, West Halmahera regency. The research informants were the greeting users, both in the nuclear family or in non-nuclear family. The data collection technique was consisted of a direct observation at the local community, interviews, and questionnaire filling (50 questions), recording, and taking notes in observing the form and usage of greetings. The result of the study indicated there are several forms of greeting used by Susupu community which included name abbreviation for addressing their biological mother and father; the foreign language influence in greeting forms; and abbreviation name for addressing the grandfather. These types of greetings were applied depending on the different generation according to the birth year. At present time, these greetings are still applied in the family also in the younger generation of the Susupu community.

The Zero-address Form in the Japanese Address System

In the Japanese language, there were various forms of address. For example, the use of the second pronoun; anata (you), kimi (you), self-name; Nakamura, Yamaguchi, kinship names; okaasan (mother), otousan (father), name of the profession; and sensei (teacher/doctor). In addition to the various address types, the zero forms of address were also known, namely the implicit use of address words. For example, address words in the form of zero were address (aisatsu); ohayou gozaimasu (good morning), irasshaimase (welcome), and sumimasen (sorry). The form of address adopted in this study was the zero-address form. This study would find the various forms and variations of zero-address. In addition, it also examined the functions and factors that influenced the use of zero-address by the sociolinguistic and pragmatics approach. This study found that there are four variations of the zero-address form, namely (1) the form of greeting; (2) the form of an exclamation or interjection; (3) the form of an interrogative sentence; and (4) the form of declarative sentences. There are two kinds of greeting, namely formal and informal. The function of the zero-address is to show respect, closeness, attract attention, and notification/statement. Factors that influence the use of zero greetings are social status, social distance, situation, and identity of the speaking actor.

Risks of the Academic Performance of the Post-pandemic University Student

The study made it possible to identify and describe factors such as risk in the student's academic performance during the pandemic scenario. Durón and Oropeza (1999), cited by Izar Landeta et al. (2012), assume the psychological, biological, sociological and pedagogical aspects. The study responds to the non-experimental design of basic level, substantive, descriptive and explanatory. The data was collected from a questionnaire for the detection of risks associated with the indicators. The population consisted of university students identified by non-probabilistic opinion sampling. The study found that the sociological factor has a greater risk impact with an estimate of 0.96; and the indicator regarding the forms of greetings, emotional approaches of the student with the highest coefficient of 0.963 p. value <0.05*** detaching due to duels to the loss of a being, to the loss of the academic semester, practice of social customs, dialogue and emotional reactions. Regarding the psychological factor, it presents an estimation risk of 0.88 to academic performance, the anxiety indicator presents a higher resonance index. Regarding the pedagogical factor, it presents a 0.91 risk index, demonstrating the lack of experimental actions, field work, laboratory practices, guided experimentations, economic disadvantages for access and use of virtual tools. Finally, there is the biological factor that presents the 0.85 risk, showing biological disorders generated by sedentary lifestyle to the detriment of academic performance. The sociological factor with the indicator forms of greetings, emotional approaches of the student, coping with duels in the loss of a being, and in the loss of the academic semester has a greater impact, within the psychological factor, the anxiety indicator has a higher resonance index, while, in the pedagogical factor, the risks are manifested by the lack of experimental actions, field work, laboratory practices, guided experimentations. Finally, in the biological factor, the sedentary lifestyle indicator is the greatest detriment to academic performance.

The Myth of Realization: Mark-to-Market Taxation of Publicly-Traded Securities

In the Greco-Roman world, touching right hands as a greeting demonstrated that one was weaponless and contributed to a more convivial atmosphere. In Medieval Europe, warriors grasped the right hand of their adversaries during a truce as a precaution against treachery. Similarly, when greeting a friend, a knight would extend an ungloved right hand as a token of confidence in the peaceful intentions of his comrade. A handshake is still the traditional form of greeting. It continues to denote friendship, or at the least a lack of hostile intent, even though the circumstances in which it arose may no longer be relevant.Like the handshake, legal rules and concepts ofttimes survive the situations that fostered their adoption. Originally developed as means to contend with certain conditions, they can acquire a life of their own and be applied, out of habit or inertia, even where there is no justification for their existence. However, unlike the innocuous handshake, blindly applying rules and concepts in situations other than those with which they were developed to contend can be counterproductive.

Pragmatics Principles of English Teachers in Islamic Elementary School

This qualitative study presents the research results on Pragmatics politeness in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools. The problem formulation of this research focuses on what and how Pragmatics politeness is in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools. The objectives of this study are (i) to describe the form of Pragmatics speech in the language of English teachers; (ii) to describe the tools used in using Pragmatics politeness in the teacher's language, English. The research approach used is qualitative research. Data were collected from various communication events in teaching English in the classroom between teachers and students by participating in observation techniques, note-taking/recording techniques, and interviews. Structurally, the various sub-illocutions were delivered with one core speech unit alone or with a combination of core speech (TI) and supporting speech units (TD) in the form of asking questions, commanding acts, and opening speech units (TB) in the form of greetings. Pragmatics politeness speech acts of English teachers and students are generally expressed in imperative sentences (active and passive), declarative sentences, and interrogative sentences. Second, the tools of Pragmatics politeness in the language of English teachers in Islamic elementary schools found in the speech of the teaching process can function as an action stimulator, a request for approval of the action, an invitation.Keywords: Politeness, Pragmatics, Islamic elementary school.

The Royal Wave: Royal Interaction with the Public

In the modern mass media age, images of waving members of the royal family have become one of the most iconic and often reproduced pictures of royalty. This article presents the first detailed study of this aspect of the royal image. The waving of British royalty is particularly iconic and seems to have played a prominent role in the establishment of this gesture. This study traces the origins of their waving from its historical roots in the nineteenth century to its first appearance in modern times in 1922: in the post-war context, this was a time when royalty generally opened up to and interacted more with the people. By way of introduction, the article also looks at the “royal bow”—the earlier established form of greeting. The article furthermore describes the particular forms with which royal individuals have waved, up to the present day. This reveals some intriguing gender and status differences that were apparent in the earlier years, and the closer look at the practicalities invites us to think about the meaning and “function” of the royal wave, which may stimulate further research on how royal waving was perceived, and to what effect. Overall, the discussion of this popular royal gesture contributes to various strands of ongoing research on royalty’s interaction with the public. <em>Editorial Note: A corrected version of this article was posted on 20 January 2022. The editorial team would like to apologize to Dr Range and to the readers for the errata in the version which was originally published.</em>

The positive politeness strategies used on whatsapp conversation between student and teacher in English learning at al-luthfah Islamic school

This Study discusses WhatsApp conversations between students and teachers used while learning English used in teaching activities to determine the type of politeness used by students in WhatsApp conversations during English learning at the al-Lutfah Islamic school. This research uses descriptive qualitative as the research method. The research subject is Student and teacher, while the study's object is politeness strategies in conversation WhatsApp that may contain politeness. The data of this research is the WhatsApp conversation of having politeness strategies. It uses observation and takes notes to collect the data. The data analyzing method is metode agih. The participants of this research are teachers and students at Al-Luthfah Islamic school. The transcriptions were analyzed and discussed based on the politeness of Brown and Levinson (1987). This study's findings reveal the kinds of politeness types used by Al-Luthfah Islamic students to encode politeness or politeness. In the form of several messages when replying to several statements in the WhatsApp group. These expressions are in the form of greetings, gratitude, ask questions, express opinions, and several forms of these messages are stages of obtaining data, identifying data, looking for standards, classifying types of politeness, and finding their function of the politeness used. And analyze the data.

VARIATON OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES AMONG THE ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDENTS AT ISLAMIC INSTITUTE OF MUHAMMADIYAH SINJAI

This study aims to find variations in the use of student politeness strategies in Islamic Institute of Muhammadiyah Sinjai. The researcher applied a descriptive qualitative research method. The participants of this research were 5th semester of English Education program consisting 34 students. The observation administered and mainly observed during the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The transcriptions were analyzed and discussed based on the theory of politeness of Brown and Levinson (1987). The findings from this study show that English students used different kinds of expressions to encode their politeness in the class. Those expressions were in the forms of greetings, thanking, addressing terms, apologizing, asking permission, rejecting, and fillers. There are also several terms comes from the student's regional language which is used as a form of their politeness. These expressions are categorized as positive and negative politeness.

Motoric Development of Children Through a Variety of Greetings

Types of greetings are the kinds of movements that result from the greeting process in the form of greetings to someone / another person which will have an impact on the child's motoric skills from the various greeting movements. Variety of greetings is synonymous with the diversity produced by the greeting itself, thus creating gestures similar to greetings. The kinds of greetings referred to are in the form of Assalamu'alaikum, movements of shaking hands, gestures of hugs and clapping movements. The purpose of this study was to determine children's motoric development through the application of various greetings at IT Mon Kuta Kindergarten in Lambhuk Village, Banda Aceh. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques, namely through interviews and observations. The data analysis technique in this study is a collection of data that has been obtained from the results of children's observations that researchers have done since the beginning of each aspect of research activities, the results that have been collected are entered into the observation sheet. The results showed that the children's motoric development had started well. The motoric development of the child is done through a variety of ways, namely that the child can mimic movements and control movements. So, through various greetings activities can develop children's motoric aspects.

What’s in a Handshake? Exploring the Best Form of Greeting to Prevent Hand to Hand Spread of Viruses

Background: Respiratory and enteric viruses are highly contagious pathogens that can be spread by contaminated hands and surfaces. We hypothesized that alternatives to handshake greetings that reduce the time and surface area of hand contact would be associated with decreased transfer of viral particles. Methods: In a simulation of hand-contact greetings, volunteers (N = 22) used a keyboard contaminated with the benign bacteriophage MS2 and then performed a handshake and fist bump with additional volunteers. To assess viral transfer, hands were cultured for MS2, and plaque-forming units (PFU) were compared for the different types of hand contact. Additional simulations (N = 10) were conducted to compare viral transfer with the fist bump versus a cruise tap greeting (ie, a modified fist bump involving single knuckle contact). Results: The handshake greeting resulted in significantly greater transfer of MS2 than the fist bump (1.31 vs 0.54 log10 PFUs, P &lt; .001) (Fig. 1A), but the frequency of transfer of virus was high for both greetings (91% transfer by handshake vs 59% by fist bump). The cruise-tap greeting did not result in reduced transfer of viral particles in comparison to the fist bump (Fig. 1B), and the frequency of transfer remained high (70%). Conclusions: The fist-bump and cruise-tap greetings could potentially reduce transmission of viruses in comparison to the handshake, but transfer occurred frequently, even with these greeting methods. To eliminate hand-to-hand transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses, alternative greeting methods that do not involve physical contact are needed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

IMPLIKASI KOMUNIKASI FATIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN DI IAIN SALATIGA

This article is the result of a research which is based on various cases of phatic communication invarious contexts, namely, industrial context, social relation context, multicultural society context,and educational context. This is a qualitative study using a case study approach. The aim of thisresearch is to describe and analyze the implications of phatic communication in improvinglearning at IAIN Salatiga. Techniques of collecting data used in this research are focused groupdiscussion (FGD), interview and observation. The research findings show that phaticcommunication between lecturer and student at IAIN Salatiga is well established in the form ofgreeting, nodding, shaking hands with kissing hands, ringing motorcycle horns while nodding head.Phatic communication also has implications in improving learning for students in all departmentsat IAIN Salatiga.

A contrastive analysis of language, culture and meaning in the Yoruba and English languages: a modern approach and new perspective

Some a spects of language use and cultural practices across the English and Yoruba languages are contrastively discussed. These include patterns and forms of greetings determined by spatio-temporal circumstances such as greetings and naming traditions, among other norms, to ascertain the aspects in which the two languages are alike and in which they differ. Illustrations are provided and differential descriptions offered through interlingual comparison. It was discovered that effective teaching and learning of a language will necessarily have to go beyond the boundary of symbols and language code to a fair knowledge of non-linguistic aspects of language. The paper concludes that learning a target language will be greatly enhanced and yield valuable results in terms of competence, proficiency, and most importantly, language pedagogy if the language and culture of the first and target languages are simultaneously studied.

PEMBINAAN PENINGKATAN ENGLISH CONVERSATION DI PANTAI INDAH SETOKOK

Setokok island beach is one of representative destinations in supporting the marine tourism area in Batam. The strategic location of Batam, which is close to neighboring Singapore and Malaysia, is a distinct advantage for this island, with many foreign tourists coming and going on vacation. The phenomena found that the coast guards and people around who should be directly involved in communicating with foreign visitors couldn’t hardly communicate using English at all. The impact of that problem would narrow down the opportunity for coast guards to get additional benefits from this strategic situation. Therefore, the community team took the initiative to provide an English conversations training for coast guards, MSMEs, photographer services, managers, and people around the coast. The method taught was in the form of guidance and practice of English conversations according to the needs and conditions of the training participants. The materials given were in the form of greeting, directing, asking and answering questions, asking for clarification, offering, persuading, and daily vocabulary. The results obtained through community service at Pantai Setokok could be seen from the ability of the speaking conversation practice skills, the addition of vocabulary related to the beach, and the motivation of self-confidence using English.

THE FUNCTIONS OF ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS USED BY TEACHERS IN THE CLASSROOM INTERACTIONS

This research aims to describe the functions of illocutionary speech acts used by teachers in learning interactions in class. The research method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The data collection techniques in this study are observing and taking notes. The source of data in this study is teachers’ speech acts in learning interactions at State Vocational High School (SMK Negeri) 1 Klaten. The data used is the teachers’ oral speech on Mathematics, Science, History, and Accounting subjects in thelearning interactions at SMK Negeri 1 Klaten which has one conception or main idea. According to the results of the study, there are five functions of illocutionary speech acts used by the teacher in the learning interactionsin the class. The five functions include assertive functions in the form of stating and complaining; directive function in the form of commanding and advising; expressive function in the form of greeting and praising; commissive function in the form of promising and offering something; declarative function in the form of giving a name. Of the five functions, directive function is used most frequently, in which the teachers giving more commands.