Forms Of Economic Development Research Articles

National Governance and Economic Transformation in the Digital Economy

The digital economy, as a product of the information age, is reshaping economic and social structures. It is not only a new form of economic development, but also infrastructure and general purpose technology. Digital technologies, such as big data analytics and blockchain, are transforming government decision-making and public services, improving governance efficiency and transparency. At the same time, the digital economy is driving industrial upgrading and transforming the industrial structure to “software-defined and data-driven”, in order to realize sustainable economic growth and social well-being.

Economic Development in West Sichuan: The Case of Daocheng County

AbstractEconomic development of a remote, mountainous region poses a challenge anywhere. Based on field research and documentary evidence, this article examines how such a development challenge has been addressed in Daocheng county, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province. In doing so, it investigates the different forms of economic development, how such development comes about, and the role played by government in economic development. The article also probes the broader socioeconomic consequences of economic development. The fact that Daocheng is a predominantly Tibetan county adds a nationality dimension to the issue of economic development.

Is social policy now a well-established but ‘new’ form of economic development?

Is social policy now a well-established but ‘new’ form of economic development?

Livelihoods as everyday heritage: urban redevelopment, heritage discourses and marketplace trade in Moore Street, Dublin

ABSTRACT While central to the origins, evolution and provisioning of cities, traditional markets are under threat globally as urban renewal supporting particular forms of economic development comes centre-stage. Design-led placemaking and built heritage policy have become tools of local, regional and national development, and urban heritage has become economically instrumentalised. In this paper, we argue for an alternate conceptualisation. Through a case study of Moore Street market in Dublin, Ireland, we interpret heritage as a complex of activity, place and time, drawing attention to the act of traditional livelihood building through market trading as a form of ‘everyday heritage’, and thus deserving of protection and support. We recognise that heritage can be produced at multiple scales that escape the bounding of ‘designation’. As well as contrasting this living heritage with narrowly defined views of ‘heritage’ represented by elites, we highlight the potential of more inclusive approaches to heritage that stand in direct opposition to, and challenge, the discourses created by and authorised through particular assemblages at specific moments. We also challenge thee homogenisation of working-class heritages in particular places. We conclude that recognising living heritage as critical urban infrastructure could offer a pathway from precarity to sustainability for vulnerable urban communities.

Salgın Hastalık Riskine Karşı Dirençli Kentlerin İnşasında “Doğa Koruma” Odaklı Bir Bakış

Doğayı meta olarak değerlendiren ekonomi odaklı kentsel gelişmeye bağlı arazi kullanımındaki değişim ve bu değişimin ekosistem ve biyoçeşitlilik üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri, Covid-19 salgının hem ortaya çıkmasında hem de yayılmasında etkili olmuştur. Kentlerin Covid-19 salgınına karşı kırılganlıkları ise doğal, ekonomik, sosyal, kurumsal yapı yanı sıra mekânsal yapı özellikleriyle yakından ilişkilidir. Bu bağlamda Covid-19 krizi; insan ve gezegen sağlığının birbiriyle doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu, gelecekte bu tür krizleri önlemek, kentleri daha dirençli hale getirmek ve insan sağlığını korumak için mevcut ekonomik kalkınma ve kentleşme biçimi üzerine derinlemesine düşünülmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada, ilgili literatür incelenmiş, bunun sonucunda salgınla mücadeledeki kentsel çözümler, yeni planlama ve tasarım arayışları değerlendirilmiş ve bu arayışların doğa temelli planlama ve tasarım çözümlerine işaret ettiği saptanmıştır. Doğayı ve sağladığı faydaları korumanın ve sürdürmenin insan sağlığı ve refahını korumak için gerekli olduğu düşüncesiyle, gelecekteki salgın hastalık risklerine karşı dirençli kentlerin “Doğa koruma” odaklı bir bakış açısıyla nasıl planlanması ve tasarlanması gerektiği üzerine çerçeve öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

PERAN KOPERASI DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KERAKYATAN

Cooperative as a manifestation of the economic development of democracy. This happens when the cooperative is well managed, The existence of cooperatives in the District of Gunungjati has not described the cooperative as a form of economic development populist.This study aims to answer from the questions that become the formulation of the problem, how SWOT Cooperative as a Form of Community Economic Development in the District of Gunungjati? This research uses qualitative research,The data collected by interview technique (interview), observation, documentation and then analyzed by descriptive method of analysis.The SWOT analysis results that can be submitted by the authors are the cooperatives in the District of Gunungjati has the power in management,And has a weakness of the level of public confidence,Besides the cooperative opportunities for cooperation with financial institutions are very open,On the other hand the threat is the ease of provision of borrowers of informants (middlemen) who are still very difficult to overcome.

Community Empowerment in Tonjong Area Through Financial Application Training, “SIAPIK”

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) are one form of economic development in rural areas that the government is currently intensively undertaking. One of the rural areas that already has its own BUMDes in Bogor Regency is Tonjong Village. The purpose of this Community Service is to empower community in Tonjong Village in the field of financial reporting by utilizing the financial application, namely Sistem Informasi Aplikasi Akuntansi Pencatatan Informasi Keuangan (SIAPIK). The benefits obtained from the implementation of this community empowerment are encouraging the maximization of the business units of the Tonjong Village community, especially BUMDes Kurnia Abadi through good financial reporting so that their business can operate in accordance with BUMDes values, namely Tariffs (Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Independence, and Fairness). The method used to empower residents of Bogor Regency, especially those affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, is to prepare learning materials in the form of manual books and video tutorials on how to use the SIAPIK through simulation of company financial transactions that are similar like real conditions. Furthermore, in the learning process, several learning methods are used, including the distribution of manual books, demonstrations through video tutorials, and discussions via short messages.

New Form of Economic Development in Highly Urbanized Area and Its Effect on Green Development

The balanced and stable development among economy, society and environment is an important research topic for any region. Given the gap between urban and rural areas, further improving the social security system is a key issue that China urgently needs to solve. This paper uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to evaluate the implementation effect of the two-tier social security system in the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR), and discusses the effect of social security expenditure on green development. The results show that: in the long run, social security expenditure is negatively correlated with regional economic development, but the two-tier social security system has significantly promoted the development of the regional economy. This shows that Macao’s two-tier social security system can be a new form of economic development. The coupling coordinating relationship between economic growth and green development fluctuated from 2010 to 2020. Compared to economic growth, social security expenditure has a significant negative lag effect on green development. Therefore, the effect of social security on promoting environmental protection and green development needs to be optimized. Through the discussion of the relationship between Macao’s social security, economic growth and green development, this study provides relevant practical experience and inspiration for the economic and social green development of other region.

Economy, territory, and identity: A Rokkanian analysis of Indigenous self-determination in Canada and Norway

AbstractIndigenous peoples throughout the circumpolar north have made significant progress in terms of securing self-determination through greater political autonomy. Although such change is important, it must be accompanied by greater economic control aimed at reducing state dependencies. Using an analytical framework developed by Norwegian political scientist, Stein Rokkan, this article explores the interplay between economy, territory, and identity among the Inuit in Canada and the Sámi in Norway. It reveals that the economic destinies of both groups have been profoundly influenced by both domestic and international factors that determine the focus and type of economic development they undertake. While the Inuit have pursued a balance of modern and traditional forms of economic development that is grounded in a regionally based model of self-rule, the Sámi have opted for an economic development model that emphasises traditional economic activities and is supported by Norway’s international commitments to the rights of Indigenous peoples.

Discourse of University: Knowledge in the Era of Contemporary Forms of Capitalism Development

The article represents research in the field of the contemporary forms of economic development based on the knowledge which acts as a new productive force. It is shown that the new stage of economic development is connected to the transformation from the material forms to non-material forms of functioning and has its roots in the cultural revolution of 1970s. The reorganization of the university and the educational organization in European countries in general played the key role as preconditions of the cultural revolution. Marxist methodology was chosen as an instrument for the analysis of knowledge-based economy taking into account the need to develop Marx conception of general intellect (scientific knowledge) and revise the class theory and the theory of surplus value.The key finding is that the contemporary knowledge-based economy implements both financial and productive tendencies in conjunction. It is shown that the predominance of one or another tendency depends on university’s discourse functioning which serves as a mediator between a subject of knowledge and the capitalism discourse. The first tendency reflects undesirable processes of social life: general intellect when it isn’t tied to the production, begins to develop according to the formula «G.I - G.I’», reproducing financial logic of capital increment. In such case, we deal with the process of knowledge submission to capital. The second tendency is connected with the dominance of productive function and defined in terms of cognitive capitalism, where knowledge-based intellectual labor gets its autonomy from capital. Cognitive capitalism represents such form of economic organization where knowledge, as a productive force, makes possible the intellectual productions which involve cognitarians - cognitive workers and producers which are able to create the innovative products. The maintenance and development of the cognitive capitalism become possible in connection with the correct organization of education at university which, in addition to the classic form of knowledge (hard skills), represents a contemporary digital space for the transfer of additional knowledge (soft skills) and serves as a platform for the organization of the effective forms of intellectual productions.

Ruins for the future

ABSTRACTIn 2011 a tsunami over 20 meters high struck Japan's northeastern coastline. Along with causing close to 20,000 deaths, it destroyed many buildings, leaving behind a landscape of ruins. In the years since the disaster, various groups in Japan have interpreted these ruins as a way to work through “what went wrong.” Some pointed to local officials’ failure to properly prepare for the disaster, as well as the form of economic development that they had promoted. Others, however, particularly state officials, argued that the ruins of failed development reveal something that can be used to stimulate economic recovery and legitimize further development. Ironically, these groups mobilized the debris of “progress” to advance progress itself, complicating theories of recent ruins as “counter‐sites.” This shows that actors can construct and leverage the truth content of ruins in support of the very ideologies and processes that caused their ruination in the first place. [3.11, disaster, governance, materiality, modernity, ruination, Japan]

Investigation of the Relationship among Water and Crop Production under Bounded Irrigation Conditions

Water scarcity is relative and variable concept that can occur at any level of supply and demand. It is also a social construct, which is linked to the intervention in the water cycle and changes over time as a result of natural hydrological change. It is more severe when water acts as a backbone in economic policies, planning and management methods. Water scarcity can be expected to increase with most forms of economic development, but, if properly identified, many of its causes can be expected and avoided or mitigated. However, the limited irrigation management is considered a very important issue in the agricultural scope. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between water, crop production, photosynthesis, crop transpiration, crop growth, crop yields and water use efficiency have been discussed under limited irrigation conditions. However, the crops have some ability to adapt and resist against limited irrigation. Hence, under high temperate conditions, this is a shortage of water and photosynthesis is decreased with a pore (stoma) restraining. At the same time, the evapotranspiration reaches to the utmost value and the water use efficiency rises because of optimal monitoring of leaf pore (stoma). Therefore, the modality which is the reduction of the risks and improving industrial control in incomplete irrigation are the chief constraints of providing irrigation water in the future, which leads to increased crop production and ultimately providing a provision of food security.

Digital Transformation of Business Structures in Ukraine: The Barriers and Drivers

In recent decades, one of the main trends in the development of economy and society has been the penetration of information technologies into various spheres of human activity. The digital transformation of the economy poses challenges to economic science and management, as the socio-economic institutions of society change dramatically, the same holds for the conditions and methods of doing business under the influence of technological changes in the economy. The problem is that traditional economic laws (economies of scale, value chain) are no longer functioning, and new economic actors (digital companies) are emerging that do not fit into traditional models of performance and business indicators. In addition, in the context of digitalization of the economy, the management of economic entities is the relevant issue. In order to play a dominant role in the global computer economy, a country must pay special attention to the production of innovations and to the domestic employment opportunities. For each country, the production and support of technical skills is an important component of economic development, employment, economic growth and development. The article analyses the development trends and the size of the digital economy in Ukraine and in other countries of the world. Key trends that will determine the direction of this type of economy are identified. It is proved that digitalization should be carried out in accordance with the principles of equal access, creating benefits, economic growth, promoting the development of the information society and the orientation towards cooperation. The advantages of digitalization of the Ukrainian economy are presented, as well as the threats and risks that will arise as a result of this process are specified. Thus, the developmental role of many countries, including Ukraine, is associated with unlimited access and transformation of new forms of economic development, taking into account the use of intellectual skills.

Значение криптовалюты, цифрового права и иного имущества для определения злостности уклонения от погашения кредиторской задолженности

Significant changes in the world connected with the introduction of digital technologies, which have led to the development of the economy with new financial instruments, raised the issue of thesubject under consideration. The author analyses the new forms of economic development that allow to expand the range of criminal law effect on persons committing economic crimes in the field of crediting. The mechanism for restoring violated rights, which are considered possible within the framework of the current legislation, is strategically important. The legislative initiatives related to proposals of cryptocurrency legalising have increased in recent years, being a current trend of the existing society development. At the state level, a search for the new ways to maintain business activity and to prevent illegal acts committed in this sphere is being made. Due to the fact that a lot of norms of criminal legislation intended to protect objects of economic activity are of a blanket nature, clarifying the meaning of their features is impossible without referring to civil legislation. Civil regulation is the basis of the economic sector. A new conceptual system is pointed out; it improves the possibility of cryptocurrency turnover, but does not fully regulate it. By analysing the current legislation, the author tries to assess the value of cryptocurrency, digital rights and other property in order to determine the maliciousness of evading accounts payable. Subsequently, the author gives his opinion on the prospect of providing the officers of the enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation with the opportunity to expand the interpretation of the norms of criminal legislation including liability for maliciousness of evading accounts payable (Article 177 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Theoretical Basis of China’s Pension Scenes

The accelerated advent of the interconnection of all things and the rapid rise of artificial intelligence technology are changing the way people live and how they acquire social resources. In 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Health and Family Planning Commission jointly issued the Action Plan for the Development of Smart Pension industry (2017-2020), which stressed that we should utilize information technological products of a new generation to promote the intelligent upgrading of cultural products and services for the aged. A new form of economic development with the Internet as the carrier and AI as the implementation tool is gradually taking shape, creating unprecedented opportunities for all sectors of society and providing possibilities for transformation, upgrading and breakthrough innovation of the silver economy. This essay aims at exploring the theoretical basis and practical characteristics of innovative pension mode, so as to construct the innovative path of pension scenes.

THE ORIGIN OF TRADE UNIONS AS PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS IN THE XVI CENTURY

This text is based on the use of discursive power to show that the longevity of trade unionism could be responsible for preventing it from disappearing; this is why we have studied its origin. Methodologically we have relied on the critical analysis of specialized literature. Our results indicate that the emergence of mercantilism at the beginning of the Modern Age brought about profound changes in professional corporations, which basically tested two strategies at the Spanish level: the master craftsmen tried to increase their control over the production process and the workforce, which made it difficult for officers to access the upper levels of the trade; and the officers were organized under a visibly trade union institution. In conclusion, respect for the stratified order by officers forced them to replicate the associative formulas of their teachers. In addition, they assumed a critical participatory role in new forms of economic development, which led them to claim rights, working conditions and employment conditions that they had traditionally and legally enjoyed.

The Landscape Patterns of the Giant Panda Protection Area in Sichuan Province and Their Impact on Giant Pandas

As the flagship species of biodiversity conservation in China, the giant panda has significant ecological protection value and plays an important demonstrative role for conservation. Sichuan Province has the largest area of giant panda habitat, making its protected areas the most important for the conservation of this species. However, the habitats of the giant panda are shrinking due to human disturbance through land encroachment for agriculture and other forms of resource exploitation. Reducing these pressures requires assessing current land use and the causes of fragmenting giant panda habitats. This paper reports on changes in land-use patterns and socio-economic development in typical counties with giant panda habitats in Sichuan in 2003 and 2015, with a focus on giant panda protection areas and human pressures in the surrounding lands. We found that road construction, industrial infrastructure, and other forms of economic development have led to increases in human populations and fragmentation of the giant panda habitats, such that that the population of this species has been significantly reduced in some counties. Improving the protection of giant panda requires designing regional economic development activities based on scientific principles to provide benefits to both the local people and the giant pandas. For example, when making land use plans, the local government should consider the impact of the development of the communities surrounding the giant panda areas on the giant pandas’ habitat.

Identity politics in Okinawan elections: the emergence of regional populism

Although identity issues have been central to Okinawan grass-roots movements, until recently few politicians have explicitly campaigned on identity appeals, rather than pacifist ideology or material promises in the form of economic development and welfare. The emergence of identity politics seeking to replace such left–right ideological competition in Okinawa appears to be a new phenomenon. Has it only been under Governor Onaga Takeshi and his ‘All Okinawa’ movement that identity has been used to mobilize voters in local elections? And if so, why has this new type of identity politics emerged with such force since 2014? The type of identity politics emerging under Onaga and his movement is arguably one with strong populist features, which seek to appeal to the unity of a virtuous Okinawan people against a discriminatory Japanese mainland. In Okinawa’s ‘regionalist populism’, how are the ‘people’ defined and their ‘will’ revealed? How are the ‘enemies’ understood and framed? This article seeks to answer these two sets of questions concerning subnational identity politics and populism by investigating identity politics in Okinawan. To this end, the study will systematically draw upon campaign literature and speeches of local politicians, as well as deliberations and speeches in the Okinawa assembly, among other material in the post-reversion period (1972–2018). We suggest that this rising identity politics is indeed new and is born from a number of socio-economic developments, primarily an unprecedented level of distrust towards mainstream parties, the central government, and mainland Japanese among Okinawan voters.

ПРОЕКТНЫЙ ГРАД: МЕНЕДЖЕР КАК МЕДИАТОР

this research is about the contemporary forms of economic development and its connection with mediation. Mediation is the basis for the networking and forming of the projects in the frame of the informational economic and intellectual production. The concept “projective city” is represented as the value model for the description of the new type of the economic, described its role for the transformation of the manager’s model of thinking. The role of the manager as mediator is considered. The key competencies of manager-mediator which lead to the efficiency and success in the projective city are identified. The new type of economic and transformation the mediator’s model of thinking are based on the crossing of two paradigms: the paradigm of the net, and the paradigm of the communicative mind. The last paradigm requires specified level of reflexivity and universality of argument as the basis for the partnership and collaboration. Activity, flexibility and skill to work with conflicts are identified as the key competence for the manager-mediator. The double nature of professional role of manager which is generating conflicts on one side and orienting to control them on other side is revealed. The article demonstrates value of active cooperation with conflicting parties and a need to use their potential to provide organizational well-being and development. Analysis of principal basics of mediation allows reveal an organic character of its technology implementation into management tasks resolution. The debatable issue of possibility to attract managers to work as mediators in their own organizations is discussed which leads to conclusion that this constituent is not only valid, but is needed urgently in their professional activities. There is an accent in the article made on the role and complicated character of conflictological competence of managers and the number of conditions under which its forming and sustainable development is possible are formulated. The data on multivariable advantageous changes of efficiency of interaction between managers and organization co-operators are shown as a result of managers getting training on mediation and conflict resolution educational program.

Methodological problems of reforming the agrarian sphere

The article shows that market reforms in Ukraine are based on methodology inappropriate for these purposes. After all, it was this methodology that defined the logic of the construction and operation of the command-administrative system in the past. This is indicated by the fact that the theory and practice of reforms is based on the collectivist system of values of equality and justice, as well as by the directive nature of reforms, in which the pace, scale and forms of changes in the system of economic relations are defined centrally. The teleological vision of social order nature and the interpretation of them as the result of purposeful human activity are at the heart of this methodology. In this case reforms are carried out on the principles of “social engineering”. “Social engineering” cannot be called a scientific method, since it is practically impossible to formulate objective criteria for choosing goals or assessing ways to achieve them. That is, their effects and effectiveness cannot be predicted or substantiated theoretically. Within this approach only those who have an influence on the process of forming decisions, or who owns the right of their practical implementation, has a crucial role. The result of the teleological thinking dominance in the practice of Ukraine's market transformation is that trends and forms of economic development are determined by the ideas and knowledge of a narrow circle of politicians, officials and scholars. According to the theory of dispersed knowledge, market and competition of Friedrich von Hayek, no scholar or official, any collegial body from among them, in fact, is not able to acquire the required amount of knowledge that would allow to determine the optimal ways of development and solving of local and global economic problems. This is only possible if the space is released to realize the knowledge and initiative of millions of people. This requires a change in the paradigm of reforms from teleological to evolutionary. That is, the essence of the reforms is not to be limited to the definition of specific areas and forms of economic development, but to the creation of prerequisites for evolutionary development on the basis of the freedom to realize individual interest and competition. The article offers the main directions of implementation of an alternative evolutionary approach: restriction and decentralization of state power, ensuring freedom of entrepreneurship, demonopolization of the economy and reduction of the level ownership concentration. In particular, it is emphasized that for the development of rural areas, it is especially important to take effective preventive measures to avoid concentration of land tenure.