Form Of Abbreviations Research Articles

Tendencies of Change of Socio-Political Lexicon in Persian and Azerbaijani Languages

Socio-political terms exist in all world languages and are directly related to the socio-political structure of each country. The words related to statehood, religion and political system were mentioned in sources associated with the ancient period of Persian and Azerbaijani languages. In the article, among such sources, "The Book of Dede-Gorgud", Orkhon-Yenisei" on Turkic languages, and the samples selected from the work "Shahnameh" on Persian are analyzed by the historical-comparative method. When studying terms related to religion, it should be investigated in more detail whether these terms correctly reflect events in the socio-political life of the country they belong to, as they are subject to purposeful interventions in several cases. Considering Manichaean, Islam, Sufism and other religious directions, which are thought to be related to Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrianism in Iran, this picture is further complicated. In the article, medieval Persian dictionaries were also reviewed among the sources related to the Middle Ages. It was noted that words related to almost all areas of social life are included in them. The social and political situation after the Iranian Islamic Revolution and the terms that were created in connection with this situation is considered in the history of Iran. The article also contains information about using borrowed words in both languages' social and political fields. Then the place of the terms in the form of abbreviations in the speech was analyzed. In the article, the data gives grounds to say that as a result of any historical event, the most profitable sphere is linguistics. So, although the changes in other areas cause stagnation and decline in some instances, linguistics is enriched with new words. Political linguistics is also included, and the rising line of political discourse during World War I can serve as an example.

Characteristics of the Military Academy Cadet’s Language Register

Language variations that appear in a conversation because of their use are called registers. Registers are used in a particular community to identify and characterize a job or group. The register language in this particular group is usually not found in other communities or other groups. The research method used is literature study or documentation related to the object of study under study. Several documents that contain or explain about the life of cadets are used as data sources. This article describes the Military Academy cadet register which has a characteristic that is its language is short, concise, and firm. The Military Academy cadet register is concise and firm, marked by the many acronyms and abbreviations used in addition to other vocabulary in the form of words and phrases. The vocabulary in the form of words, phrases, acronyms, and abbreviations is a vocabulary that is only found in the cadet community during the four years of military education in the Tidar Valley.Keywords: Characteristics, language variation, language register.

Language Use on Social Media: Reflection on Verbal Behavior and Cultural Identities of State Islamic University Undergraduates

This study aims to identify the verbal behavior characteristics of Islamic university students with the use of Facebook in order to determine the identity forms that become a representation of their language aspects. Qualitative method was applied to objectively describe the social practices, and the varying issues and objectives of linguistic features that are generated and interpreted in these discourses. The data was procured, by using content analysis and observation, from the discourses of students at State Islamic University Imam Bonjol in the form of Facebook status posts and comments written in Facebook groups. The analysis was conducted following Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis with a Critical Linguistics Approach. The results showed that the language features of the students contain some characteristics that appear in the form of abbreviations or acronyms, and the insertion of elements of foreign languages mostly dominated by features of Arabic. It was also found that the status and comments of the students focused on five dominant issues: religious, university, personal, social and cultural, and national issues. It was concluded that situational, institutional, and cultural contexts influenced the students’ production of particular discourse on Facebook. Features, issues, and discourse context identified through language used by the students had become one of many ways to recognize an Islamic university student. This ability to identify a particular student is due to the language used as a medium of communication to provide space for students to create, and directly or indirectly provide extensive information about the identity of the speakers.

Language Variations Used PUBG Mobile Player By Tamy E-Sport Community In Lubuk Basung

Language variations are often encountered in daily communication, one of which is in the communication of the online game PUBG Mobile player community. The game programming language is English, so they have indirectly learned to understand the meaning of the language used by the online game. Based on these reasons, the researcher wants to explain the language variations used PUBG Mobile players by Tamy e-sport community in Lubuk Basung and also the factors that cause it. This research uses the theory of Chaer and Agustina about language variations that are caused not only by their narrative, but also by their social interactions. The researcher used qualitative methods. The purpose of this research is to explain the form of language variations used in player PUBG Mobile and their factors.
 The results of the research show that in the communication of PUBG Mobile players by the Tamy e-sport community there are language variations in the form of code-mixing, abbreviation, and Jakarta dialect. Code-mixing is the most commonly found in their communication. The factors that influence language variation in the communication of PUBG Mobile players in the Tamy e-sport community are environmental factors, habitual factors, and practicality factors in speaking

Afiksasi, Reduplikasi, dan Abrevasi Bahasa Gaul pada Update Status Anggota Grub Facebook Komunitas Touring Indonesia (KTI)

The use of language in society often has various modifications called slang. The spread of slang is fast in society, especially on social media Facebook. The purpose of this study was to examine the forms of affixation, reduplication, and slang abbreviations found in the status updates of members of the Indonesian Touring Community (KTI) facebook group. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to view, analyze, and describe the data regarding the forms of affixation, reduplication, and slang abbreviations used. Data collection techniques use listening and note-taking techniques, while data analysis techniques use analytical techniques according to Miles and Huberman. This study uses the morphological process theory according to Kridalaksana which is based on the forms of affixation, reduplication, and abbreviation. The findings of this study, (1) members of the Indonesian Touring Community facebook group often use slang in their status updates, (2) the morphological processes of slang that often appear are affixation, reduplication, and abbreviation. From the results of the study, it can be said that affixation, reduplication, and slang abbreviations on status updates of members of the Indonesian Touring Community (KTI) facebook group aim to familiarize members of the community. In addition, forms of affixation, reduplication, and slang abbreviations are also used to facilitate written communication.

Principles Behind Semantic Relation between Common Abbreviations and their Expansions on Instagram

The phenomenon of abbreviation used on Instagram is an interesting thing since the users modify the abbreviation form of expansion words making deviation from the original meaning. The principle of meaning relation between abbreviations and their expansions is used to make a change to the purposes of Instagram users. This research was aimed to describe the principle of abbreviation used in Instagram. An exploitation method was used by the technique of making screenshots and recording the abbreviation data. The results of research indicate that the principle of abbreviation consists of three forms namely inclusion, contact, and complementary. The results of this research can be very effective in understanding as well as how to use abbreviations, especially on Instagram. The Novelty of the study is in investigating the abbreviation used in Instagram.

Abreviasi pada berita daring bertopik covid-19 dalam negeri: sebuah analisis morfologi

This research is designed to be qualitative research with morphological approach, relying on the abbreviation theory as one of word formation process. Abbreviation is a shortening of the language term that occurs with the shortening of the lexeme. Any form of the abbreviation could be found in everyday life, especially in every daily national online news. Nevertheless, rests of the people only know the lexical meaning or contexts of every abbreviation that occur, without understanding how the abbreviations were arranged in linguistic point of view. The aim of this research is to describe the process of establishing abbreviation in every national online news with topics related to Covid-19. Abreviations related to covid-19 were the crucial object for this research. The method used is a method of listening and recording for data retrieval from national online news, and relying on Kridalaksana (2010)’s abbreviation theory and the General Guidelines for Spelling Bahasa Indonesia for the research analysis approach. The results suggest a form of abreviation in the form of abbreviations and contractions related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Shorthand abbreviation form found in this research were PPKM (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat), PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar), OTG (Orang Tanpa Gejala), AKB (Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru), and PJJ (Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh). Meanwhile, the forms of abreviation in the form of contractions are Satgas(Satuan Tugas), Prokes (Protokol Kesehatan) and Isoman (Isolasi Mandri).

BENTUK, FUNGSI DAN MAKN A REGISTER KOMUNITAS PECINTA AQUASCAPE DI ROKAN HULU

The diversity of language use in a heterogeneous society gives rise to language variations, including registers. The Aquascape Lovers Community in Rokan Hulu uses a separate register. This study aims to describe the form, function, and meaning of the limited and open circle register in the Aquascape Lovers Community in Rokan Hulu. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive method. Listening and recording methods were used in data collection. The informant is a Community of Aquascape Lovers in Rokan Hulu. The data were analyzed qualitatively by referring to the concept of form, function, and meaning of closed registers and closed registers proposed by Halliday. The results of the study are as follows. First, the limited circle register of the Aquascape Lovers Community in Rokan Hulu at the level of words and phrases in the form of abbreviations and the use of foreign words such as WC, kebo, and sticky rice with interactional and personal functions. Each word and phrase has a specific meaning. Second, the open circle register of the aquascape lover community in Rokan Hulu at the word and phrase-level in the form of abbreviations and the use of foreign words such as PH, lily pipe, and surface scum with interactional, heuristic, and regulatory functions. Each word and phrase has a specific meaning. It can be concluded that some of the registers used by this community can only be understood by community members and some can also be understood by people outside the community.

Slang dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Morfosemantik

Slang is one of language varieties used by a speaker in an informal communication event for specific purposes. It is used for the purpose of effective communication among a group of speakers; however it can also trigger a communication failure. Slang usage results in effective and fluent communication if speakers and hearers have familiarity and comprehension towards form and meaning of slang utterances, and vice versa. This study is aimed at describing the analysis result of Indonesian slang utterances based on morphological aspects and semantics which cover morphological process of slang word formation and types of slang meanings. The design of this study was qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. The data were obtained from the recording technique/the inventory of Indonesian slang utterances. The list of slang utterances was comprised of familiar utterances and those used by Indonesian speakers during face-to-face or virtual interaction. Based on the analysis, Indonesian slang words were formed by morphological process and phonological structure change. Through morphological process, Indonesian slang word was formed by abbreviating first syllable in the first word and it is in the form of abbreviation. In addition, slang word formation through phonological structure change covered complete word reversal, syllable reversal, and vocal replacement. The meanings of Indonesian slang words were lexical, denotative, conceptual and connotative.

Setiap Register Perdagangan Daring pada Tayangan Shopee Live Produk Fashion Wanita di Aplikasi Shopee (Kajian Sosiolinguistik)

This thesis is entitled "Online Trade Register on Shopee Live Show Women's Fashion Products on Shopee Application (Sociolinguistic Study)". This research is in the form of a qualitative descriptive with the aim of describing the form and function of the online trade register on the Shopee Live show for women's fashion products in the Shopee application. The object of this research is a trade register which is sourced from expressions, both words, sentences, and discourses contained in Shopee Live shows for women's fashion products on the Shopee Application. The data collection method used is the free-to-conversation listening method using Shopee Live recording media. The data obtained were then analyzed using the matching method with the determining element sorting technique as the basic technique. The results of data analysis are presented using informal methods. The results of this study obtained 44 online trade registers on the Shopee Live broadcast of women's fashion products on the Shopee Application. From the 44 datas obtained then grouped by register form. 11 registers are in the form of abbreviations, 12 registers are in the form of shortening, 12 registers are in the form of abbreviations, and 9 registers are in the form of acronyms. Keywords:  Sociolinguistic, Register, Online trade.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE JARGON EXPRESSIONS IN THE CRUISE LINE

ABSTRACTThe jargon used by the crews in housekeeping and food and beverage service department in the cruise line was analyzed in this research. The jargon expressions in these departments have special meaning that confused the other people outside the group. The jargon used in this department. This research used descriptive qualitative research with the basic interpretative studies to understand the meaning of every jargons in the cruise line crews related to the crews working experiences interacted with the guest around them. The open questionnaire and the interview guide were used to collect the data from 4 subjects of the study working experiences in the cruise line. From two subjects that worked in the housekeeping department, there were 116 jargons expressions that were classified into four jargon forms. There were 24 jargons in a word form, 37 jargons in phrase form, 40 jargons in abbreviation form (initialism type), 10 jargons in abbreviation form (shortening type), and 5 jargons in acronym form. From two subjects that worked in the food and beverage service department there were 136 jargons expressions that were classified into four jargon forms. There were 27 jargons in word form, 77 jargons in phrase form, 19 jargons in abbreviation form (initialism type), 8 jargons in abbreviation form (shortening type), and 4 jargons in acronym form. Every meaning of the jargon expressions were suitable with the department condition and situation. There are four functions of jargon expressions. Those are able to provide a clear and unambiguous term, promoting their group solidarity and exclude as out-groupers, marking the group membership, and representing the product. This research can be used as a reference to know the jargon used in the cruise line hotel operational division.

Berkelakar and Directives in Palembang Malay: The Islamic Humor Discourse in Indonesia

This paper identifies cultural-linguistic practices in Palembang Malay humor and directives in Islamic speech in Indonesia. Berkelakar (make a joke), as part of everyday interactions among the people of Palembang, has not previously been examined. This mixed method research, using Partington’s theory of affective face and affiliation alignment, applies discourse analysis to 10 Islamic speeches to explore Palembangnese humor and directives. Humor in the form of kelakar (jokes), puns and abbreviations and directives in the form of advice appear most frequently in the lectures and teachings on Islam. As a result, this paper raises cultural awareness and highlights the tradition of humor for the people of Palembang and for Muslim and other communities across Indonesia.

CODE MIXING IN NOVEL RANGE OF STORIES BY GITA SAVITRI DEVI AND ITS RELATION TO NOVEL TEXT

This research is motivated by the use of code-mixing in the novel Range of Stories by Gita Savitri Devi. This study aims to describe the form and function of code-mixing in the novel and to relate it to teaching materials in learning novel texts for class XII SMA. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The research subject is the novel Range of Stories by Gita Savitri Devi and the object under study is code mixing in the novel. Data collection is done by using reading and note techniques. The main instrument determinant in this research is the researcher himself. The data analysis technique used is the referential equivalent method, while the data validity technique uses intrarater and interrater. This technique is done by intensifying observations, namely by reading the novel Range of Stories repeatedly. Meanwhile, the interrater technique was carried out by checking the validity of the data through supervisors and colleagues who carried out the same research. Then, data analysis using referential equivalent method. The results of this study are as follows: (1) code-mixing forms in the form of words, word groups, clauses, baster, abbreviations, and word repetitions; (2) the function of code mixing as repetition of words, display of learning, affirmation of the accuracy of meaning, and indication of uniqueness; and (3) the link between code mixing in novels and teaching materials in learning novel texts for class XII SMA based on KD 3.9 and 4.9.

Disambiguation of Medical Abbreviations in French with Supervised Methods.

Abbreviations are very frequent in medical and health documents but they convey opaque semantics. The association with their expanded forms, like Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for COPD, may help their understanding. Yet, several abbreviations are ambiguous and have expanded forms possible. We propose to disambiguate the abbreviations in order to associate them with the proper expansion for a given context. We treat the problem through supervised categorization. We create reference data and test several algorithms. The descriptors are collected from lexical and syntactic contexts of abbreviations. The training is done on sentences containing expanded forms of abbreviations. The test is done on corpus built manually, in which the meaning of abbreviations is defined according to their contexts. Our approach shows up to 0.895 F-measure on training data and 0.773 on test data.

PERIOD USE OF LANGUAGE TERMS PANDEMY COVID-19

A word or phrase (a combination of words) that is used as a name or symbol and which accurately expresses the meaning of a concept, process, state, or characteristic that is unique in a particular field such as science, technology, art and so on. This study aims to describe the characteristic patterns of various linguistic terms during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach in which this study does not use numbers but in the form of words to describe the results of the study. The technique used in this study is to use observation and data collection techniques. The results showed that there were 36 data on the pattern of the Covid-19 language terms which were analyzed and then classified into 14 data in the form of English, 8 data in the form of synonyms, 3 data in the form of English abbreviations, 4 data in the form of Indonesian abbreviations and 6 data in acronym form. The implication of this research is that many people use foreign terms such as corona virus, social distancing, physical distancing, and new normal. Therefore, it is necessary for the role of every citizen, government and media during a pandemic to use the Indonesian language in order to protect the sovereignty of the nation.Keywords: language terms, Covid-19

Lingual Expressions in the Covid-19-Related Ecolexicons in Indonesian Online-Media Coverage

Language may represent everything related to COVID-19 and, at the same time, being a tool to recognize and prevent the virus. This current research applied the ecolinguistic theory and a qualitative descriptive approach, aiming at researching new terms or lexicons related to the COVID-19 pandemic that existed in Indonesian online mass media. The technique used to collect the data was an observation. The results showed that COVID-19 news triggered the emergence of exciting language dynamics. COVID-19 was depicted through dynamic forms of language. Reality coding also occurred dynamically. It was found out that the new health ecolexicons were in the forms of English terms (e.g., lockdown, swab test), synonym forms (e.g., isolasi, karantina ), Indonesian abbreviations (e.g., PPE, KLB) and English abbreviations (e.g., WFH, PCR), and acronym forms (e.g., COVID-19, Sars-Cov-2). The identified ecolexicons could be grouped into physical/biological reality, social reality, and symbolic/ideological reality.

Surface and Biocidal Properties of Gemini Cationic Surfactants Based on Propoxylated 1,6‐Diaminohexane and Alkyl Bromides

AbstractTwo new classes of gemini cationic surfactants—hexanediyl‐1,6‐bis[(isopropylol) alkylammonium] dibromide {in the abbreviation form: CnC6Cn[iPr‐OH] and CnC6Cn[iPr‐OH]2; alkyl: CnH2n + 1 with n = 9, 10, 12 and 14}—have been synthesized by interaction of alkyl bromides with N,N′‐di‐(isopropylol)‐1,6‐diaminohexane and N,N,N′,N′‐tetra‐(isopropylol)‐1,6‐diaminohexane. The surface tension, electrical conductivity, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were used to investigate the aggregation properties of the gemini cationic surfactants in aqueous solution. The formation of critical aggregates at two concentrations in an aqueous solution from obtained gemini cationic surfactants were determined via the tensiometric method. Thus, these gemini cationic surfactants start to form aggregates at concentrations well below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC). The surface properties and the binding degree (β) of the opposite ion were tested against the length of the surfactant hydrocarbon chain and the number of the isopropylol groups in the head group. By applying the DLS technique, it was explored that how the number of isopropylol groups in gemini cationic surfactants with C12H25 chain affects the sizes of micelles at concentrations greater than CMC. It was discovered that the obtained gemini cationic surfactants have a biocidal character.

Asykāl at-Taḥawwul al-lughawi fī al-Muḥādaṡah al-‘Arabiyyah ladā Thullāb Ma’had Yanbū’ al-Qur`ān

This was a qualitative research with listening and conversation as data collection techniques. The results described the students’ conversation process by using Arabic and English in boarding environment. The application is using Arabic in the first and second week, and English in the third and fourth week. The forms of code mixing in muhadatsah at Pondok Tahfidz Yanbu’ul Qur’an Menawan included inner and outer code mixing. Inner code mixing happened in the form of words, sentences and abbreviations. Outer code mixing occured in the form of words and sentences. Factors causing code mixing at the PTYQM Kudus included linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Linguistic factors were such as bilingualism, speech partners and vocabulary limitations. Non-linguistic factors were such as Arabic habits carried in Indonesian, fear of regulation, fear of being sanctioned, and increasing a sense of humor. The efforts to overcome the occurrence of code mixing at PTYQM were by giving attention and emphasis in training students, writing the correct form of code mixing on the board often visited by students, fostering students' awareness of the importance of Arabic for the future.

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BAHASA PROKEM DALAM NOVEL REACH YOUR DREAMS KARYA WIRDA MANSUR

This research is motivated by the fact that slang language is slang, although the style is deviant or includes slank language but is commonly used by teenagers. One of them is in the novel Reach Your Dreams by Wirda Mansur, which features slang in order to suit the target audience of teenagers. The purpose of this research is to; 1) Identify the slogan contained in the novel Reach Your Dreams by Wirda Mansur, and 2) describe the results of language analysis from the aspects of language (phonology, morphology and semantics). This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study are words in the form of slang, obtained from the novel Reach Your Dreams by Wirda Mansur. The data was collected using the basic techniques of reading and taking notes, namely the analysis instrument in the form of a study of research results. The results showed that; 1) in the novel Reach Your Dreams by Wirda Mansur, there are around 90 slang words, and 2) the phonological aspect is 31,11%, the morphological aspect is 14.45%, and the semantic aspect is 54.44%. The slang language used is in the form of abbreviations, acronyms, conversational language which is converted into written form, foreign languages, and words that are not in accordance with the provisions. The use of slang in the novel makes the novel more fluid and acceptable to teenage readers.

Variasi Bahasa, Singkatan, dan Kesalahan Ejaan Pada Fitur Market Place di Facebook

The purposes of this study were to answer the following questions: (1) What are the forms of language variations found on the market place feature on Facebook? (2) What are the forms of word abbreviations found on the market place features on Facebook? (3) What are spelling errors in the market place feature on Facebook? This study used a qualitative method referring to the analyses of screenshots and data records. The results of this study revealed the following: 1) There are three variations of language, including Indonesian and English language variations, Indonesian and Javanese variations, and the variations of Indonesian, English, and Javanese. 2) There are two types of word abbreviations, namely Indonesian abbreviations and English abbreviations. 3) There are four forms of spelling errors, including a) Erroneous use of capital letters, b) erroneous use of the in-front letter, c) Errors in writing periods (.) and commas (,), and d) Errors in quotation marks (". .. ") and abbreviations or apostrophes ('').